scholarly journals Residents' Attitudes towards the Residential Urban Forest in Metropolitan City: A Case Study from Bharatpur City in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Yam Bahadur K.C. ◽  
Sagarika Sedhai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Risk Of Fall

Urban forests are critical element in ameliorating urban habitats and building sustainable cities. Local residents are the key players in maintaining greenery of the city as they collectively own majority of land in most cities. Therefore, they need to engage in planting and retaining trees on their properties in order to reach canopy cover in urban areas. The project surveyed 200 local residents in Bharatpur Metropolitan City to examine their attitude towards trees on their property on the basis of 'Affective', 'Behavioral' and 'Cognitive' ABC model of attitude. Results show that majority of the residents have positive attitude towards trees as they have high cognitive intention towards trees, and showed willingness to retain the existing trees and add more in future. However, very few are cognizant of the environmental values of trees. The most common positive effects of trees on their property are food, shade, and clean and fresh air. The most common negative effects are increase in bushes and weeds, wildlife hazards and risk of fall due to wind. Urban planners interested in influencing residents' decisions about urban trees need to work on public outreach. Residents need to be motivated and made aware of the long term and multifunctional benefits of trees for retaining the existing trees and planting more in their property. They should also, be made aware of the type of trees that are suitable for plantation on residential property in order to avoid the problems that can be created due to trees.

scholarly journals ASSESSING URBAN FOREST CANOPY COVER IN GREAT PLAIN CONSERVATION AREA (DÜZCE CITY, TURKEY) BETWEEN 1984 AND 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Z. Uçar ◽  
R. Eker ◽  
A. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Tree Canopy

Abstract. Urban trees and forests are essential components of the urban environment. They can provide numerous ecosystem services and goods, including but not limited to recreational opportunities and aesthetic values, removal of air pollutants, improving air and water quality, providing shade and cooling effect, reducing energy use, and storage of atmospheric CO2. However, urban trees and forests have been in danger of being lost by dense housing resulting from population growth in the cities since the 1950s, leading to increased local temperature, pollution level, and flooding risk. Thus, determining the status of urban trees and forests is necessary for comprehensive understanding and quantifying the ecosystem services and goods. Tree canopy cover is a relatively quick, easy to obtain, and cost-effective urban forestry metric broadly used to estimate ecosystem services and goods of the urban forest. This study aimed to determine urban forest canopy cover areas and monitor the changes between 1984–2015 for the Great Plain Conservation area (GPCA) that has been declared as a conservation Area (GPCA) in 2017, located on the border of Düzce City (Western Black Sea Region of Turkey). Although GPCA is a conservation area for agricultural purposes, it consists of the city center with 250,000 population and most settlement areas. A random point sampling approach, the most common sampling approach, was applied to estimate urban tree canopy cover and their changes over time from historical aerial imageries. Tree canopy cover ranged from 16.0% to 27.4% within the study period. The changes in urban canopy cover between 1984–1999 and 1999–2015 were statistically significant, while there was no statistical difference compared to the changes in tree canopy cover between 1984–2015. The result of the study suggested that an accurate estimate of urban tree canopy cover and monitoring long-term canopy cover changes are essential to determine the current situation and the trends for the future. It will help city planners and policymakers in decision-making processes for the future of urban areas.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) Selected Plant Species in Puerto Princesa City for Strategic Urban Forest Planning

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie S. Caabay
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring

Air pollution gives negative effects to humans as well as to plants which are exposed all throughout the day in these pollutants. Assessment of plants' response to air pollutants may serve as a fundamental method in terms of environmental monitoring and management. Sensitive group of plants can serve as an indicator of air quality while the tolerant ones can be sinks. TheAir Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of selected plant species in Puerto Princesa City, namely: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis), Santan (Ixoracoccinea), Fire Tree (Delonixregia), Golden Bush (Durantarepens), and Acacia tree (Samaneasaman)were evaluatedusing relative water content, ascorbic acid content, leaf extract pH, and total leaf chlorophyll content.It was found out that B. spectabiliswas the most tolerant species, followed by S. samanwhile D. regiahas an intermediate index. D. repensand I. coccineaon the other hand were found to be sensitive plant species. Plants with high APTI values are the tolerant ones and are recommended to be planted in urban areas to absorb and off certain harmful gaseous pollutants while the sensitive ones have the potential to serve as bio-indicators for evaluation and monitoring.

A Tree Selection Survey of Tree City USA Designated Cities in the Pacific Northwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Joshua Petter ◽  
Paul Ries ◽  
Ashley D’Antonio ◽  
Ryan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
The Right

As urban areas expand, there are a greater number of urban trees; however, development often leads to a reduction in urban trees in many areas. A reduction in the canopy volume of trees results in a reduction in the number of benefits. Additionally, urban trees can have additional stressors and must be more actively managed to maintain those services. Selecting tree species for the right site can lead to greater benefits and longer-lived trees. Increasing diversity of urban trees can help to mitigate some of the threats facing urban forests, such as invasive pests and climate change. We surveyed Tree City USA designated cities across Oregon and Washington to explore how they are selecting tree species for their municipalities. Responses were recorded for 79 out of 151 municipalities for a 52.3% response rate. Both open-ended questions and descriptive statistics were used to triangulate how managers are selecting tree species. Emergent themes in open-ended responses indicate a variety of justifications for tree species selection and the challenges of balancing those criteria. There is evidence to suggest that these municipalities are actively diversifying the urban forest; however, there are still 10 municipalities that reported ash (Fraxinus spp.) in their top 5 most frequently planted species in 2016. Many municipalities are still planting large quantities of maple (Acer spp.). Overplanting certain genera and species can lead to an increase in susceptibility to pests and pathogens. We recommend an increase in consideration for the diversification of tree species in urban areas.

scholarly journals The Eye of the Storm: Extreme Weather Events and Sustainable Urban Forest Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Marshman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Weather Events

More people live in cities today than ever before. One indicator of a sustainable urban environment is a full canopy cover. Urban residents value trees for the benefits of improved air quality, provision of shade, and aesthetic purposes, among others. Although urban trees are greatly valued, they are up against environmental challenges. Global climate change threatens urban forests because of the accompanying increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Hurricanes, intense precipitation, windstorms, and ice storms, are included. In Halifax (2003) Hurricane Juan negatively affected the urban forest canopy and some areas have not fully recovered. Similarly, in Vancouver’s Stanley Park (2006 & 2007) an extreme windstorm hit the urban canopy. How can urban forest planners adapt the urban forest to become more resilient in the face of such events?

scholarly journals Homeowner Interactions with Residential Trees in Urban Areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dilley ◽  
Kathleen Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Public Outreach ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The Many

Urban forests are a critical element in sustainable urban areas because of the many environmental, economic, and social benefits that city trees provide. In order to increase canopy cover in urban areas, residential homeowners, who collectively own the majority of the land in most cities, need to engage in planting and retaining trees on their properties. This collaborative research project surveyed homeowners in Seattle, Washington, U.S., to examine their behaviors and attitudes toward the trees on their property. Attitudes toward trees were mapped to examine geographic distribution, as Seattle has a legacy of neighborhood-based planning. Results show that homeowners planted trees during non-optimal times of the year, preferred trees that are small at maturity over trees that are large at maturity, and showed increased interest in fruit trees. Homeowners intend to plant fewer trees in the future than they have in the past. This research is a model for social science efforts that can be used to develop targeted public outreach programs at the neighborhood scale to increase the planting and retention of trees on residential property.

scholarly journals An insight to the current state and sustainability of urban forests across Great Britain based on i-Tree Eco surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Vaz Monteiro ◽  
Phillip Handley ◽  
Kieron J Doick
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Provision Of Services

Abstract Urban trees are instrumental in providing ecosystem services to urban society. However, they are subject to many pressures linked to harsh site conditions created by the urban environment, climate change, attack by pests and diseases and the political and social influences that control how urban trees are perceived and managed. An ongoing provision of services from all trees within an urban area (known as the urban forest) can only be achieved through high resilience to these pressures. This study aims to examine the current state of composition, condition and structure of 12 urban forests across Great Britain, by reviewing data collected from i-Tree Eco city or town-wide surveys and recommending a framework to rate their sustainability. The study shows that urban forests are hardy to local winter temperatures and in good health, but lack in large size trees and tree species diversity. Also, several urban forests offer small percentage canopy cover. The wider application of this framework and the creation of detailed tree strategies could help local authorities to establish management strategies, set goals and monitor progress towards achieving greater sustainability.

scholarly journals The Impact of On-Demand Collective Transport Services on Sustainability: A Comparison of Various Service Options in a Rural and an Urban Area of Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Lisa Dang ◽  
Widar von Arx ◽  
Jonas Frölicher
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the effects of on-demand mobility services on sustainability in terms of emissions and traffic volume. According to our simulations, implementing on-demand mobility services is recommendable only as a supplement to public transport in both urban and rural regions since there are positive effects in terms of CO2 emissions. However, in urban areas, there is a negative impact on the traffic volume in terms of additional vehicle kilometres since the bundled public transport demand is replaced by less bundled on-demand vehicles. In rural areas, the increase in vehicle kilometres plays less of a role due to generally low demand. The negative effects per vehicle kilometre are slightly higher in rural areas due to higher empty kilometres and lower bundling rates, but the negative effects per km2 in dense cities are much more serious. Authorities need to consider these effects according to the spatial context when implementing such services.

scholarly journals Applying Spatial Analysis Techniques to Assess Tennessee Urban Forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Analysis Techniques

Abstract Although the social, economic, and ecological benefits of urban forests have been well-documented, fewer efforts have been made to conduct landscape level assessments of urban forest canopy. This technical note describes how spatial analysis techniques were used to evaluate urban forest canopy cover in 133 municipal urban areas across Tennessee. Municipalities were compared based on participation in the Tree City USA program. Although urban forests vary greatly, results indicated that cities participating in this community forestry initiative exhibit higher levels of urban forest canopy cover. The integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing data presents new opportunities for community foresters to efficiently and effectively monitor urban ecosystems and formulate appropriate policy responses that can help to ensure forest sustainability across the urban–rural interface.

scholarly journals RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BRDA, SLOVENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

The concept of sustainable tourism development presupposes constant endeavour, ongoing monitoring, and improvement of all stakeholders involved in order to minimize the negative and maximize the positive effects of tourism. The authors of the paper examine a case study of the area of Goriška Brda (municipality of Brda), located in the western part of Slovenia along the border with Italy, where the predominant (traditional) economic activity is agriculture, and more recently tourism as well. The question is whether the development of tourism in Brda has been sustainable, and how it has affected the life of the local population. What are the perceptions of the local residents of the various effects of tourism in their municipality? Analysis of the state of tourism and a survey research on a representative sample of the local population highlighted predominantly positive influences and consequently positive perceptions. Many inhabitants of the Brda municipality are directly or indirectly dependent on tourism, so they are willing to overlook or minimize the existing negative effects.

scholarly journals Urban trees facilitate the establishment of non-native forest insects

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Branco ◽  
Pedro Nunes ◽  
Alain Roques ◽  
Maria Rosário Fernandes ◽  
Christophe Orazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
First Record ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Pests

Cities, due to the presence of ports and airports and the high diversity of trees in streets, parks, and gardens, may play an important role for the introduction of invasive forest pests. We hypothesize that areas of urban forest facilitate the establishment of non-native forest pests. Based on scientific literature and a pan-European database on non-native species feeding on woody plants, we analysed where the first detections occurred in European countries. We collected site data for 137 first detections in Europe and 508 first European country-specific records. We also estimated the percentage of tree cover and suitable habitat (green areas with trees) in buffers around detection points. The large majority of first records (89% for first record in Europe and 88% for first records in a European country) were found in cities or suburban areas. Only 7% of the cases were in forests far from cities. The probability of occurrence decreased sharply with distance from the city. The probability to be detected in urban areas was higher for sap feeders, gall makers, and seed or fruit feeders (>90%) than for bark and wood borers (81%). Detection sites in cities were highly diverse, including public parks, street trees, university campus, arboreta, zoos, and botanical gardens. The average proportion of suitable habitat was less than 10% in urban areas where the species were detected. Further, more than 72% of the cases occurred in sites with less than 20% of tree cover. Hotspots of first detection were identified along the coastal regions of the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and near industrial areas of central Europe. We conclude that urban trees are main facilitators for the establishment of non-native forest pests, and that cities should thus be intensely surveyed. Moreover, as urban areas are highly populated, the involvement of citizens is highly recommended.

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