scholarly journals Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of Plankton in Khaste Lake, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Narayan Datta Bastakoti ◽  
Ganesh Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Dominant Class ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Planktons are the important components of aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we assessed the diversity and seasonal distribution of planktons in Khaste Lake, Lekhnath, Kaski. Samples were collected from three stations from April to September using plankton net of mesh size 60μm.The collection period included three different seasons: summer, early monsoon and late monsoon. Altogether 35 genera of plankton, 24 belonging to phytoplanktonic group and 11 to zooplankton, were recorded from April to September 2012. The recorded phytoplankton belonged to four classes namely chlorophyceae, bacillariophyceae, xanthophyceae, and cyanophyceae with fourteen, seven, two and one genera respectively, while zooplanktons belonged to three groups namely rotifera, cladocera and copepoda with three, six and two genera respectively. The dominant class in phytoplankton was chlorophyceae with fourteen genera and in zooplankton was cladocera with six genera. Eleven genera of phytoplankton and five genera of zooplankton were recorded throughout the three seasons of the study period. The rich in diversity of phytoplankton shows high level of nutrient status and the lake changing into Eutrophication Lake resulting from the surface run-off water with fertilizers from agricultural lands and sewage from densely populated area of the surrounding.

GLOBAL ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, GLOBAL BANK LINKAGES AND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY: AN EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-COUNTRY DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE THANH HA ◽  
HOANG PHUONG DUNG ◽  
PHAM HONG CHUONG ◽  
TO TRUNG THANH
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level ◽  
European Economic Review

This paper investigates the effects of global economic sanctions (GESs) on global bank linkages (GBLs) by using 4,032 pairs of 66 countries during the 2001–2013 period. We use the structural gravity model combining with the rich database of the Global Sanction Data Base introduced by Felbermayr et al. [(2020). The global sanctions data base. European Economic Review, 129, 1–23]. Our empirical results show a negative association between the GESs and GBLs. The differential effects of GESs on the GBLs are conditional on the sanction types. Furthermore, the consequences of global sanctions become more severe for countries featuring higher information asymmetries, captured either by a high level of world uncertainty, an occurrence of crisis and shocks or by a weak institutional system. Our results are robust and reliable when we use an alternative measure of bank connections, and in the context of controlling the potential endogeneity of global sanction.

scholarly journals POLA PENGUASAAN TANAH DAN DISTRIBUSI KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA DI PEDESAAN JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Versanudin Hekmatyar ◽  
Fentiny Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Labor System ◽  
High Level

Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of land tenure and forms of livelihood diversification in rural area. By using qualitative approach, data was collected and presented descriptively. The results are as follows, first, land is an important production factors as capital and labor. Land in Kedungprimpen village is still closely linked to the livelihoods of its inhabitants. High level of dependence of the population on agricultural land is also closely related to the local community's view that underlies the social differentiation of the rich, ample and poor. Second, this fact further encourages households todeal with the crisis, undertake series of livelihood activities to meet their basic needs. The selection of diversified forms of livelihood is mainly based on rational reasons related to the types of resources that can be optimized. Generally, livelihood diversification in Kedungprimpen Village is on agricultural andnon-agricultural sectors. Agricultural sector includes land cultivation, sharecrop, rent, mortgage, and labor system. Non-agricultural sector includes trade, handicrafts production, stockbreeding, and carpentry.Keywords: pattern of land tenure, land tenure, land diversification, peasant

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Varpe
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals Algal flora of Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta and their seasonal distribution

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Shiva Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Aulacoseira Granulata

In this paper, a total 46 algae belonging to 34 genera and 3 classes (Chlorophyceae 54%, Bacillariophyceae 28%, Cyanophyceae 18%) have been reported from Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta, Nepal. Among these, 13 algae were reported as new to the country. Genera Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, and Desmodesmus had maximum number of species whereas 25 genera were represented by single species. Seasonal variation of algae showed that there was changing number and type of algae with physicochemical parameters in different seasons. Cyanophycean algae Microcystis flos-aque was dominant and observed in all sites in every collection of winter, summer and rainy seasons, and followed by bacillariophyceaean algae i.e., Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima. The maximum number of algae was found in summer (59%) followed by winter (50%) and rainy (31%) seasons. There were 6 common algae found in all season’s viz. Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, Flagilaria tenera, Microcystis flos-aquae, Navicula radiosa and Oedogonium sp. Algae viz., Anabaena affinis, Cyclotella meneghiana, Pinnularia divergens, Pinnularia interrupta, Tetrastrum heteracanthum, and Ulothrix subtilissima were found only in winter season whereas, Aulacoseirsa granulata var. muzzanensis, Bolbochaete sp, Closterium striolatum, Cylindrospermum muscicola, Desmodesmus abundans, Desmodesmous quadricauda var.bicaudatus, Eunotia bilunaris, Gomphonema lacusrankaloides and Gomphonema pseudoaugur were observed only in summer. Similarly, Aphanocapsa pulchra, Oscillatoria sancta and Pediastrum duplex var. gracillimum were reported only in rainy season.

scholarly journals An Ontology-Based Representation of Vaulted System for HBIM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Previtali ◽  
Raffaella Brumana ◽  
Chiara Stanga ◽  
Fabrizio Banfi
Keyword(s):  
Facility Management ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Building Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

In recent years, many efforts have been invested in the cultural heritage digitization: surveying, modelling, diagnostic analysis and historic data collection. Nowadays, this effort is finalized in many cases towards historical building information modelling (HBIM). However, the architecture, engineering, construction and facility management (AEC-FM) domain is very fragmented and many experts operating with different data types and models are involved in HBIM projects. This prevents effective communication and sharing of the results not only among different professionals but also among different projects. Semantic web tools may significantly contribute in facilitating sharing, connection and integration of data provided in different domains and projects. The paper describes this aspect specifically focusing on managing the information and models acquired on the case of vaulted systems. Information is collected within a semantic based hub platform to perform cross correlation. Such functionality allows the reconstructing of the rich history of the construction techniques and skilled workers across Europe. To this purpose an ontology-based vaults database has been undertaken and an example of its implementation is presented. The developed ontology-based vaults database is a database that makes uses of a set of ontologies to effectively combine data and information from multiple heterogeneous sources. The defined ontologies provide a high-level schema of a data source and provides a vocabulary for user queries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sense of Community Responsibility on Residents’ Altruistic Behavior: Evidence from the Dictator Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Yuhui Wang ◽  
Xuemeng Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Responsibility ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Understanding the new mechanism of altruistic behavior is pivotal to people’s health and social development. Despite the rich literature on altruism, this is the first study exploring the association between the sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) and altruistic behavior by repeated dictator games. Data were gathered from 95 residents (30% male; M age = 33.20 years). Demographic variables, money motivation, and SOC-R were measured. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between SOC-R and altruistic behavior, and SOC-R had a positive predictive effect on residents’ altruistic behavior. With the increasing of the number of tasks assigned, the level of residents’ altruistic behavior gradually decreased. There was a significant difference in money allocation between the groups with high and low levels of SOC-R. The level of altruistic behavior in the group with a high level of SOC-R was significantly higher than that in the the group with a low level of SOC-R. Findings from the present study highlighted the potential value of strengthening residents’ SOC-R in the improvement of altruism. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed.

Banking and Real Economic Activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 952-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Cetorelli ◽  
Michael Blank
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Banking Competition ◽  
Real Activity ◽  
Aggregate Shocks ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

This chapter reviews insights about how the banking system affects real economic performance. After arguing that the causality debate—the high-level question of whether the characteristics of a banking system have causal consequences for the real economy—has essentially been settled, we evaluate the specific channels through which banking activity may exert real effects. We focus on the rich empirical literature spawned by the theoretically ambiguous impact of greater banking competition, which has found concentration of the banking system to be a significant determinant of the structure and health of non-financial industries. We also discuss how, after the 2007–9 financial crisis, there has been revitalized interest in modeling the role that financial intermediaries play in amplifying aggregate shocks and initiating crises. We conclude by noting the importance of accounting for the changing institutional, structural, and technological properties of the financial sector in understanding the interplay between financial and real activity.

Combined effects of contrast between poor and rich patches and overall nitrate concentration on Arabidopsis thaliana root system structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Blouin ◽  
Ruben Puga-Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
System Structure ◽  
System Response ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

The law of correlative inhibition states that roots in a richer environment develop more intensively if other roots of the same plant are in a poorer environment. This probably occurs only when the cost of emitting these roots in the rich patch is compensated by the advantage of having more roots, i.e. in situations where the difference in concentration between rich and poor patches is strong or the overall nutrient amount in the environment is low. For the first time, we tested root system response to combined gradients of contrast between poor and rich patches and of overall NO3– concentration in agar gels. We set up a factorial in vitro experiment crossing contrast (null, weak, strong heterogeneity) with overall NO3– concentration (deficient, optimal, excessive). We observed an increase in ramification density with increasing heterogeneity in deficient situations; but a decrease with increasing heterogeneity in excessive situations. The interaction between overall NO3– concentration and heterogeneity had a significant effect on root ramification density and the distribution of root length in diameter classes. The overall nutrient status of the soil has to be considered to understand the effect of heterogeneity on plant development at the morphological as well as at the molecular level.

Getting Ahead through Our Own Efforts: Public Attitudes towards the Deservingness of the Rich in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SKILLING ◽  
JESSICA McLAY
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level ◽  
Policy Problems

AbstractThe high level of academic, public and policy attention paid to the deservingness of the poor and (especially) of welfare recipients contrasts with the scant attention paid to the deservingness – or otherwise – of the rich. This discrepancy reflects socially dominant – but contestable – ideas about equality of opportunity and the role of individual merit within market systems. In this journal, Karen Rowlingson, Stewart Connor and Michael Orton have noted that wealth and riches have remained invisible as policy ‘problems’. This invisibility is socially important, in that policy efforts to address current, socially damaging, levels of economic inequality require attention to the deservingness of the rich, as well as of the poor. This article draws on recent survey data from New Zealand to provide new insights into public attitudes to the rich. It finds that the New Zealand public view the rich as more individually deserving of their outcomes than the poor are deserving of social assistance, and that attitudes towards the rich are related to redistributive sentiments at least as strongly as attitudes towards the poor. In concluding, the article reflects on the limitations of existing data sources and makes suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Cross-seasonal Experimental Study on the Comprehensive Performance of C-Si PV Window

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5684
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lingzhi Xie ◽  
Hao Tian ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Outdoor Test ◽  
Simulation Estimation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Autumn And Winter

PV windows can potentially produce electricity, reduce the air-conditioning load, and provide natural light. Cross-seasonal experimental tests for long period could eliminate the gap between real outdoor test and simulation estimation. In this research, the lighting-thermal-electricity performance of high-efficiency c-silicon PV windows was tested, and the improvement has been put forward according to the conditions. The long-term experiment was conducted cross different seasons, including summer, autumn, and winter seasons. The highest average power generation, 50W/m2, could be found in autumn. The average outside surface temperature of the PV window would reach 48 °C in sunny days in the autumn, which was higher than other seasons. Although the c-Si PV window maybe block the partial daylighting, the daylighting requirement still could be satisfied with the most days. Furthermore, the average Useful Daylight Illuminance was the highest in summer up to 0.79, and the average illumination uniform could be achieved at a high level in all seasons. For the improvement suggestions, some measures could be taken to reduce the indoor cooling load in summer. During winter, appropriate inner shading measures might be taken to prevent excessive illumination in the building, and allow the electricity and thermal performance of PV window.

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