scholarly journals Isolation, Screening and Optimization of Estuary Region (Khambhat, Gujarat) Microalgae for Lipid/Oil Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendraperumal Guruvaiah ◽  
Madhuri Narra ◽  
Garima Dixit ◽  
Punit Karawadia ◽  
Deval Shah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Unialgal Culture ◽  
Mass Basis

Water and soil samples were collected from gulf of Khambhat region, Gujarat. The cations and anions like calcium, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, sulphate and total hardness as calcium carbonate were analyzed. Collected estuarine samples were cultured in three different media under standard laboratory conditions. These enrichments were then used to isolate pure unialgal culture by conventional method. Thirty four isolates belonging to twelve species of Cyanobacteria, twenty species of Chlorophyta and two taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified and are maintained at SPRERI centre. The Chlorophyta were found better accumulators of lipids than the cyanobacterial species. Five promising strains (SBC 7, SBC 9, SBC 17, SBC 18 and SBC 19) have been selected. In-house isolates SBC19 and SBC 17 showed highest acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) of 55.2 (U/ml) and 51.2 (U/ml) respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration in 24 days. Biomass production was highest for 2.4 g/l, (SBC 19) and 2.7 g/l (SBC 17) with 1.5 g l-1 nitrogen concentration. The highest lipid content was 52% and 48% in SBC19 and SBC 17, respectively, with 0.375 g l-1 nitrogen concentration of solvent extraction method. Lipid accumulation was found enhanced by more than 50% on dry mass basis under nitrogen starvation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 197-201 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12534 

scholarly journals Calcium and Nitrogen Fertilization of Alstroemeria for Cut Flower Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Smith ◽  
George C. Elliott ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Total N ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Mass Basis

The effects of Ca and N on cut flower production of Alstroemeria were determined in separate greenhouse experiments. Calcium was supplied as Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2 at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mmol·L-1 added to tap water containing Ca at ≈0.2 mmol·L-1. Nitrogen was supplied as KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 providing total N at 0, 3.5, 7, 14, 28.5, and 57 mmol·L-1 in tap water containing N <0.2 mmol·L-1. Nutrient solutions were applied at 7- or 10-day intervals to plants growing in a soilless medium in 2.6- or 5.5-L containers. Flowering stems were harvested when the primary florets opened. Total N concentration was measured in leaf tissue from the upper portion of flowering stems. Flower production was not affected by Ca supply, but increased with N supply to a maximum of about four stems per plant on a weekly basis at 28.5 mmol·L-1, then decreased to less than three stems per plant at 57 mmol·L-1. Nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue on a dry mass basis was maintained at 45 ±3 g·kg-1 in plants supplied with N at 28.5 mmol·L-1, 52±5 g·kg-1 at 57 mmol·L-1, but <40 g·kg-1 with N supply of 14 mmol·L-1 or lower. Nitrogen fertilization of Alstroemeria should be managed to maintain leaf tissue N close to 45 g·kg-1.

scholarly journals Differences in Leaf Cuticle Structure and Efficacy among Eastern Redbud and Mexican Redbud Phenotypes

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy L. Tipton ◽  
Marcia White
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Eastern Redbud ◽  
Mass Basis

The objective of this study was to compare the structure and efficacy in terms of retarding cuticular transpiration of leaf cuticles from eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) and dull-leaf and glossy-leaf Mexican redbud [Cercis canadensis var. mexicana (Rose) M. Hopk.]. Leaves of Mexican redbud exhibited several xeromorphic characteristics compared to eastern redbud: a smaller, thicker leaf with thicker cuticles, more cuticular wax, a higher specific leaf mass, and greater hydrated water content on a leaf area basis. Mexican redbuds with a glossy leaf differed from those with a dull leaf only in a thicker adaxial cuticle lacking wax crystallite on the surface. Epicuticular wax crystallite were present on the abaxial surface of all leaves examined. Detached leaves of eastern redbud had a higher water loss rate than those of Mexican redbud only on a dry mass basis, not on a leaf area basis. There was no difference in the rate of water loss by detached leaves of glossy-leaf and dull-leaf Mexican redbuds after 4 hours.

scholarly journals White Hop Shoot Production in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Vidmar ◽  
Veronika Abram ◽  
Barbara Čeh ◽  
Lea Demšar ◽  
Nataša Poklar-Ulrih
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Mass Basis

Harvesting of white hop shoots might be justified if they can be shown to be beneficial to human health. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of hop cultivars and year of production on total phenolics, antioxidant potential, microelements and pesticide residues. Biomass per plant was highly variable among the cultivars (3.1-7.1 g dry mass per plant) and depended on hop cultivar and year (2009-2011). Total phenolics as chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE) on dry mass basis varied from 0.60 to 1.80 mg/g, and showed significant effects across hop cultivar and year. The radical scavenging activities of the samples collected in years 2010-2012 ranged from 11 to 19 μg CAE. Ferric reducing activity was <0.01, with significantly different effects across hop cultivars (pC≤0.05) and year (py≤0.05) observed only in 2012. Traces of microelements and potentially active compounds from the use of pesticides in white hop shoots of Humulus lupulus ‘Dana’ were analysed. The content of zinc in the hop shoots on dry mass basis was very low (4 mg/kg), and it was below the limit of detection in the soil. The content of copper in the hop shoots was also very low (2.3 mg/kg), while in the soil it was below the critical emission (100 vs 300 mg/kg, respectively). All 182 active ingredients from the residues of the previously used pesticides were below the limits of detection. It can be concluded that these white hop shoots are better antioxidants than hop cones and hop leaves, and that they do not contain any pesticide residues.

The feeding mechanism of Yoldia ( ═ Aequiyoldia ) eightsi (Courthouy)

1988 ◽  
Vol 232 (1269) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Bivalve Mollusc ◽  
Suspension Feeder ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Ciliary Action ◽  
Inhalant Siphon ◽  
Mass Basis

The protobranch bivalve mollusc Yoldia eightsi Courthouy is both a deposit feeder (on mud) and a suspension feeder (on diatoms in the ventilatory streams, which are trapped on the ctenidia). The species has a similar anatomy to other Yoldia species, but is a more shallow burrower which adopts a more horizontal shell orientation than the vertically burrowing Yoldia limatula and Yoldia ensifera . Although capable of feeding on the surface layers of mud by extending its palp proboscides outside the partly buried shell, Yoldia eightsi spends most of its time feeding while totally buried. To do this, sediment is taken into the mantle cavity by opening the shell valves, or by foot movements. The sediment is moved by ciliary action to the posterior part of the mantle cavity where it forms a compact, mucus-coated sediment slug. The slug is repeatedly sorted largely by the palp proboscides, fine material being transferred to the mouth via the palps. Sorting appears to be done on a simple size–density basis, with large, dense particles being rejected. After sorting, the inorganic fraction of the slug is expelled through the inhalant siphon (‘pseudofaecal plume’). Expulsions occur every 6–35 min. True faeces (‘faecal plume’) are expelled much more frequently in the expiratory bursts of water from the exhalant siphon. Pseudofaecal output is about 170 times the faecal output (on a dry mass basis), suggesting that Yoldia eightsi ingests 0.6% of processed material.

Nutrient homeostasis, metabolism of reserves, and seedling vigor as affected by seed priming in coarse rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farooq ◽  
S.M.A. Basra ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
R. Tabassum ◽  
T. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Secondary Roots

The influence of seed priming on germination, seedling vigor, ion homeostasis, and starch metabolism in coarse rice was studied. Priming treatments included pregermination (a traditional soaking method being used for rice nursery preparation), hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl or CaCl2 (ψs –1.25 MPa solution) for 24 h, ascorbate priming (10 mg·L–1) for 48 h, and hardening for 24 h. Compared with controls, all priming treatments (except pregermination) reduced the time to start germination, improved the rate of germination and synchronization, and the length of shoot and root, seedling fresh and dry mass, number of secondary roots, the concentration of reducing sugars, and α-amylase activity, although the extent of these changes was different in seeds subjected to different treatments. These seed treatments resulted in higher germination that might be due to overcoming dormancy. Osmohardening with KCl was more effective than CaCl2 for these parameters. Nitrogen concentration remained unaffected in seedlings; however, Ca2+ concentrations in both seeds and seedlings were greater in seeds osmohardenerd with CaCl2 than with all other treatments, including the control. Seed priming enhanced K+ concentration in both seeds and seedlings, leading to improved α-amylase activity. There were positive correlations between seed K+ concentration and amylase activity, and the concentration of reducing sugars with amylase activity, seedling dry mass, or number of secondary roots. Osmohardening with KCl performed better than all other treatments including control. Priming improved the K+ balance that activates α-amylase, a basis for seed invigoration.

scholarly journals Critical nitrogen dilution curves and productivity assessments for plant cane

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Augusto C. de A. Santana ◽  
Emídio C. A. de Oliveira ◽  
Vinícius S. G. da Silva ◽  
Renato L. dos Santos ◽  
Magda A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Dilution ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Critical Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stalk Yield

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for the development of sugarcane and particularly the use of more productive and demanding varieties, for which the doses of nitrogen fertilization necessary during the plant cane cycle may be underestimated and the critical levels of nitrogen in the leaf may be modified. The objective of this study was to determine the critical nitrogen dilution curve (CNDC) for leaves, evaluate the aboveground dry mass production (DM) and productivity of two varieties fertilized with N in the plant cane cycle. The study was conducted under field conditions, evaluating two sugarcane varieties RB92579 and RB867515, fertilized with seven doses of N (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). The varieties and doses were arranged in randomized blocks and analyzed in the 2 × 7 factorial scheme. It was found that the nitrogen concentration in the leaf decreased with four repetitions increase in DM yield and adjusted an exponential model, which enabled to estimate the critical levels of 13.03 and 12.46 g N kg-1 dry matter in the varieties RB92579 and RB867515, respectively. The plant cane cycle were observed to respond positively to nitrogen fertilization, with increase of 18.66% in tons of stalk per hectare (TSH) in response to the application addition of up to 129.45 kg N ha-1. The variety RB92579 showed the lowest dilution of the critical nitrogen concentration, the highest production of DM and higher stalk yield, and accordingly is considered to be the more efficient of the two varieties with respect to nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

scholarly journals 5-kD Zinc-binding Protein Accumulation in Macrophylla-decline-affected Citrus

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
K.C. Taylor ◽  
H.L. Geitzenauer
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Mass Basis

Macrophylla-decline (MD)-affected citrus display apparent nutrient deficiencies in a sectorial pattern within the citrus tree canopy. The status of several elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) was assessed in MD and healthy citrus selected from the same citrus orchards. Leaf and phloem tissues were sampled from mature, reproductive trees. Levels of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn were unaffected by the disorder in leaf or phloem tissues. Zinc was diminished in the leaves of MD citrus, and elevated in the whole phloem tissue (2.57-fold on a dry mass basis). Calcium and Cu were sufficient, while Mg, Fe, and Mn were slightly diminished in the leaf tissue, but phloem levels of these elements were not significantly different from that present in the phloem of healthy trees. Since Zn appeared to be redistributed to the phloem tissue from the leaves, the accumulation of the phloem specific, 5-kD Zn-binding protein (ZBP) was assessed in Macrophylla decline trees relative to healthy trees. The 5-kD ZBP was 4.77-fold greater in the phloem of MD citrus relative to healthy. This appears to account for the 2.4-fold greater level of Zn (on a fresh mass basis) found in the crude phloem extracts of the decline-affected citrus relative to healthy. In the purified ZBP fraction from decline-affected citrus, there was 4.73-fold greater Zn than in the ZBP purified from healthy. However, the ratios of Zn to ZBP were equivalent between MD citrus and healthy citrus, suggesting that phloem Zn accumulation in MD citrus is associated with the 5-kD ZBP.

scholarly journals 077 Modeling Nitrogen Status of Chrysanthemum in a Growing Container

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 439b-439
Author(s):  
Mark V. Yelanich ◽  
John A. Biernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rate Processes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Zone Water ◽  
Mass Accumulation

A model was constructed to dynamically simulate how the nitrogen concentration changes in the root zone of a pot grown chrysanthemum. The root zone concentration of nitrogen is predicted at any time during the crop by predicting the root zone contents of nitrogen and water. The root zone content of nitrogen is predicted by integrating the rates of nitrogen applied, taken up by the plant and entering the top layer of the pot. The root zone water content is predicted by integrating the rates of water applied, evaporated from the media surface and transpired by the plant. Simple models were constructed to predict the various rate processes. For example the rate of nitrogen uptake was modeled as a function of the dry mass accumulation and was broken down into demands of nitrogen by the plant for maintenance of the current dry mass and for support of new growth. Dry mass accumulation was modeled as a function of the amount of PPF which could be intercepted by the plant. The model was validated using plants grown in growth chambers and greenhouses at various PPF levels and fertilizer concentrations. The model will be used to test the risks involved in using various fertilizer strategies and to develop more efficient fertilization strategies.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR STRAINS OF Nostoc AND Anabaena (CYANOBACTERIA, NOSTOCALES) IN RELATION TO SODIUM NITRATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Rosales Loaiza ◽  
Patricia Vera ◽  
Cateryna Aiello-Mazzarri ◽  
Ever Morales
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Nitrogen concentration is an essential parameter in cyanobacterial cultures to produce enriched biomass with agricultural purposes. Growth and biochemical composition of Nostoc LAUN0015,Nostoc UAM206, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 was compared at 0, 4.25, 8.5 and 17 mM NaNO3. Cultures under laboratory conditions were maintained for 30 days at a volume of 500 mL. Anabaenasp.1 yielded the highest value of dry mass of 0.26 ± 2.49 mg mL-1 at 8.5 mM NaNO3. For chlorophyll, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were achieved maximum values at 17 mM NaNO3 with 18.09 ± 1.74, 102.90 ± 6.73 and 53.47 ± 2.40 μg mL-1, respectively. Nostoc LAUN0015 produced its maximum value of protein 644.86 ± 19.77 μg mL-1, and 890 mg mL-1 of carbohydrates in the absence of nitrogen. This comparative study shows that the most efficient strain for the production of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diazotrophic conditions corresponded to Nostoc LAUN0015. However, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 required high concentrations of nitrogen to achieve higher values of metabolites, comparing with Nostoc strains. Nitrogen dependence for the production of pigments and high protein production in strains of Anabaena and in diazotrophic conditions for Nostoc was demonstrated. Nostoc can be cultured under nitrogen deficiency andAnabaena in sufficiency, for mass production of biomass with good nutritional profile.</p>

scholarly journals Two years of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizations in a signal grass pasture under degradation: changes in the root system

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Prezotto Silveira ◽  
Daniela Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen and sulfur rates in degraded signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) pasture on their productive, morphological and nutritional attributes in the root system at four soil depths. The pasture used in the experiment was established over eight years ago in Entisol. Five nitrogen rates (0; 150; 300; 450 and 600 kg/ha/year) and five sulfur rates (0; 15; 30; 45 and 60 kg/ha/year) were combined in a fractionated factorial in a randomized block design, with three replications. Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium nitrate and sulfur as gypsum, and the rates were split into three times in the rainy season. The evaluations occurred at intervals of 35 days during the rainy season and 56 days in the dry season, in two consecutive years. Roots were collected with a 4-cm diameter auger at 0-10; 10-20; 20-30 and 30-40 cm soil depths. It was determined root dry matter, length and surface of the root system and nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in roots. Nitrogen rates applied in two consecutive years in the pasture affected dry mass, length, surface and nitrogen concentration in signal grass root system. Rates of sulfur by themselves or combined with nitrogen rates do not affect attributes of root system.

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