scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Composition of the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum having some ethno-medicinal applications were investigated. The phytochemicals screening of the leaves using Standard Methods and further analysis with HPLC revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatanins, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The elemental analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result revealed the presence of Na (0.311±0.049), Ca (0.138 ±0.111), Mg (1.712 ± 0.537), K (0.261± 0.077), Mn (0.457±0.107, Pb (0.005 ± 0.002), Zn (0.200 ±0.06), Cu (0.803±0.818), N (0.286± 0.052), and Fe (0.312 ± 0.067).  Cd and Cr were not detected in the samples. This investigation suggested that Ocimum gratissimum leaves are rich in phytochemical constituents which contributed to its medicinal uses. The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum can be said to contain some components of medical value since the chemical components elaborated by it are active principles (alkaloid, steroids and glycosides). Ocimum gratissimum also contain most of the essentials elements indicating its nutritive values and less toxic as Cd and Cr were not detected in the leaf.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 161-165

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaves and Stem of Five Species of Sida L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Margaret Emmanuel Bassey ◽  
Imoh Imeh Johnny ◽  
Omodot Timothy Umoh ◽  
Utibe-Ima Monday George
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

This study is aimed at evaluating the qualitative phytochemical constituents of the leaf and stem of five common species of Sida collected in Uyo metropolis. These species are medicinal plants used in folk medicine for the management of testicular swelling, elephantiasis, skin disease, fever, ulcer and urinary disease. Phytochemical screening was carried out on Sida acuta Burm. f, Sida stipulata Cav., Sida rhombifolia L., Sida corymbosa R. E. Fr. and Sida sp. using standard methods. Saponins, Tannins and Cardiac glycosides were present in the stem and leaves of all the five species. However, Tannins were strongly present in the leaves while Cardiac glycosides were strongly present in the stems of all the five species. Trace amounts of Phlobatannins were also present in the leaves and stems of all species. Terpenoids were present only in the leaves of S. rhombifolia and absent in all others. The strong presence of Saponins in both stem and leaf extracts as well as the presence of alkaloid in the leaves of Sida sp. differentiated it from the other four species.  The taxonomic implication of this is discussed in the work. The presence of these phytochemicals also lends credence for their usage in folk medicine.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Identification of Phytochemical Constituents of Sida Rhombifolia Leaves Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective characteristics of Sida rhombifolia are included in the Malvaceae family. Most of the plant belongs to the Malvaceae family, as they comprise a number of phytochemicals and biological compounds, are potential sources of different medications. This is study on Sida rhombifolia leaf extract's tophytochemical constituen ts. Phytochemical screening results in herbal stan-dardizat ion and preparation and may relate the components to thei r medicinal / pharmacological uses. The qualitative phytochemical analysis has shown that the extract is positive for saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and same extract is negative for carbohydrate, tannins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, steroid& phytosteroids, phlobutanins, anthraquinones. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals includes the estimation of flavonoid, tannin and total content of phenol. The result suggest that the Sida rhombifolia leaves extract consist plenty of phytochemicals beneficial in alternative medical and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Studies of Methanol Leaf Extract of Cassia sieberiana Dc in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Esther Omolade Olaosebikan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the antidiarrhoeal effect methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana. Methodology: The leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana was obtained by extraction using methanol and subjected to phytochemical screening using standard methods. The anti-diarrhoeal effect of methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana DC was investigated in Wistar Albino rats. Results: The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and anthraquinoes. The methanol extract significantly (P<.05) reduced the number of unformed faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea in the rats. It also significantly (P<.05) reduced the gastrointestinal transit of activated charcoal as well as enteropooling in the rats used for the experiment was significantly reduced (P<.05) in the groups treated with 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana possess anti-diarrheal activity and therefore validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, isolation and structural elucidation of chloroform leaf extracts of Maesa lanceolata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate and elucidate the structure of chloroform extracts from the leaves of Maesa lanceolata. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of Maesa lanceolata was done following standard procedures and the tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and saponins in the crude extracts. The chloroform extract of the leaves of M. lanceolata led to the isolation of one compound, C1. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (IR, 13C and 1H NMR). According to the spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT), probably Myrsenene was identified which is reported for the first time from M. lanceolata.

scholarly journals LANNEA SCHIMPERI: REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
The University

Lannea schimperi is a well-known fruit tree and medicinal plant in tropical Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of L. schimperi. Literature on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. schimperi were collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the University Library. This study revealed that the species is used as a source of fiber, edible fruits, and herbal medicine. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cyclohexenones, cardanols, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, condensed tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenols, polyoses, polyuronoids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and volatile compounds. Pharmacological research revealed that extracts and phytochemical constituents isolated from L. schimperi have anesthetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-trypanosoma, antiulcerogenic, cytotoxicity, and toxicity activities. L. schimperi should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE AERIAL PART OF THE HERB LEUCAS PLUKENETII SPRENG (FAMILY-LAMINACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Uttam Borah ◽  
Biswajit Dash ◽  
Suvakanta Dash ◽  
Lawrence Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spreng (family-laminaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the herb Leucas Plukenetiispreng (family-laminaceae) was prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Leucas Plukenetii Spreng. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Leucas Plukenetii Spreng contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The ethnaolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

scholarly journals FOLIAR TRICHOME AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIIFOLIA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia

Leaf of Jatropha gossypiifolia was studied. A detailed pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation was done. The study revealed several interesting characters such as anticlinal cell wall pattern (ACWP) and glandular trichomes(GT). Trichomes, glandular unicellular, uni-seriate, multi-cellular head with uniseriate stalk. Thus the above-mentioned leaf features are studied as SEM images which are of great taxonomic significance, trichome character is an important data for systematics. Powder Microscopy and phytochemical screening was also studied. The name “Jatropha” is derived from the Greek words “jatros,” which means “doctor” and “trophe,” meaning “food,” which is associated with its medicinal uses. The leaf decoction of this plant is used for treating wounds, sores, sprains, rash and other skin diseases. Presence of high amounts of alkaloids and flavonoids contribute to the medicinal effects that are exhibited.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEMS OF IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORSK. (FAMILY-CONVOLVULACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Imdadul Haque Chaudhury ◽  
Trishna Das ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of stems of the plant Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (family-Convolvulaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of stems of the plant Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (family-Convolvulaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of stems of the plant Ipomoea aquatic Forsk. (Family-Convolvulaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of stems of the plant Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Contain the high presence of phytochemical. The ethanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. 

Nutraceutical potential of ripe and unripe plantain peels: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

This study investigated the nutraceutical potential of ripe and unripe plantain fruit peels which are commonly discarded as food wastes. Proximate and mineral analyses of the samples were performed as per the standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Preliminary phytochemical screening of aqueous, acetone and methanol extracts of the peels was also carried out in accordance to standard methods. From the results of the study, acetone extract of the unripe peel showed the presence of eight phytochemicals while its ripe peel showed the presence of four. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of both peels showed the presence of same phytochemicals i.e., terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, reducing sugars and saponins. Meanwhile, tannins was absent in all three solvent extracts of both peels. Fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents of the unripe peel were higher than those of the ripe. However, moisture and protein contents of the ripe peel were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those of the unripe. Of all the nine essential minerals assayed (K, Na, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu), concentrations of all except calcium were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the unripe peel than those of the ripe peel. Notably, none of the heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni) assayed was detected in both samples. This study concludes that ripe and unripe plantain fruit peels could serve as promising sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for the health of both livestock and humans.

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