Preliminary phytochemical screening, isolation and structural elucidation of chloroform leaf extracts of Maesa lanceolata

The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate and elucidate the structure of chloroform extracts from the leaves of Maesa lanceolata. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of Maesa lanceolata was done following standard procedures and the tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and saponins in the crude extracts. The chloroform extract of the leaves of M. lanceolata led to the isolation of one compound, C1. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (IR, 13C and 1H NMR). According to the spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT), probably Myrsenene was identified which is reported for the first time from M. lanceolata.

Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaves and Stem of Five Species of Sida L.

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2021/v14i330247 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Margaret Emmanuel Bassey ◽

Imoh Imeh Johnny ◽

Omodot Timothy Umoh ◽

Utibe-Ima Monday George

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Common Species ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Sida Acuta ◽

Sida Rhombifolia

This study is aimed at evaluating the qualitative phytochemical constituents of the leaf and stem of five common species of Sida collected in Uyo metropolis. These species are medicinal plants used in folk medicine for the management of testicular swelling, elephantiasis, skin disease, fever, ulcer and urinary disease. Phytochemical screening was carried out on Sida acuta Burm. f, Sida stipulata Cav., Sida rhombifolia L., Sida corymbosa R. E. Fr. and Sida sp. using standard methods. Saponins, Tannins and Cardiac glycosides were present in the stem and leaves of all the five species. However, Tannins were strongly present in the leaves while Cardiac glycosides were strongly present in the stems of all the five species. Trace amounts of Phlobatannins were also present in the leaves and stems of all species. Terpenoids were present only in the leaves of S. rhombifolia and absent in all others. The strong presence of Saponins in both stem and leaf extracts as well as the presence of alkaloid in the leaves of Sida sp. differentiated it from the other four species. The taxonomic implication of this is discussed in the work. The presence of these phytochemicals also lends credence for their usage in folk medicine.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17803 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

María Cristina Furrianca ◽

Marysol Alvear ◽

Tomás Zambrano ◽

Víctor Fajardo ◽

Luis Salazar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

Quantitative and Qualitative Identification of Phytochemical Constituents of Sida Rhombifolia Leaves Extract

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1078.0782s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S4) ◽

pp. 403-408

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Total Content ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Biological Compounds ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Sida Rhombifolia

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective characteristics of Sida rhombifolia are included in the Malvaceae family. Most of the plant belongs to the Malvaceae family, as they comprise a number of phytochemicals and biological compounds, are potential sources of different medications. This is study on Sida rhombifolia leaf extract's tophytochemical constituen ts. Phytochemical screening results in herbal stan-dardizat ion and preparation and may relate the components to thei r medicinal / pharmacological uses. The qualitative phytochemical analysis has shown that the extract is positive for saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and same extract is negative for carbohydrate, tannins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, steroid& phytosteroids, phlobutanins, anthraquinones. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals includes the estimation of flavonoid, tannin and total content of phenol. The result suggest that the Sida rhombifolia leaves extract consist plenty of phytochemicals beneficial in alternative medical and pharmaceutical industries.

Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2016.v8.3002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Elizabeth FB ◽

Obikili E.N ◽

Esom A. E ◽

Anyanwu G.E

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Bioactive Agents ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity ◽

Bioactive Agent

Background: Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD50. Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify the bioactive agents and estimate the LD50 for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. Method: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD50 were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids, saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD50 was found to be 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The major active ingredients of aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Crinum Giganteum, LD50, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides

STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.15198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Janarthanam Balasundaram ◽

Dhamotharan R ◽

Anbkkarasi M

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Preliminary Screening ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Diffusion Technique

Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.

AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.28021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 324

Author(s):

Mrinalini C Damle ◽

Shivani K Jadhav

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Leaf Extracts

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia.

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening ofBuchenavia tetraphylla(Aubl.) R. A. Howard (Combretaceae: Combretoideae)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/849302 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ygor Lucena Cabral de Oliveira ◽

Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva ◽

Alexandre Gomes da Silva ◽

Alexandre José Macedo ◽

Janete Magali de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

New Perspective ◽

This study evaluated the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities and phytochemical constituents of hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions fromBuchenavia tetraphyllaleaves. Cyclohexane (BTCF), ethyl acetate (BTEF), and n-butanol-soluble (BTSBF) and non-soluble (BTNBF) fractions were obtained from a liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract (BTHE) fromB. tetraphyllaleaves. The hemolytic activity of active fractions was checked. The BTHE inhibited the growth ofMicrococcus luteus(MIC: 0.10 mg/mL),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MIC: 0.20 mg/mL),Mycobacterium smegmatis(MIC: 0.39 mg/mL),Proteus vulgaris,andStaphylococcus aureus(MIC: 0.78 mg/mL for both). The more active fractions were BTCF and BTBSF. BTCF showed better potential to inhibitM. luteus(0.10 mg/mL),P. aeruginosa(0.20 mg/mL),S. enteritidis(0.39 mg/mL), andS. aureus(1.56 mg/mL). BTBSF showed the best results forM. luteus(0.10 mg/mL),M. smegmatis,B. subtilis(0.39 mg/mL for both), andP. vulgaris(0.10 mg/mL). The HC50 were greater than observed MIC: 20.30, 4.70 and 2.53 mg/mL, respectively, to BTBF, BTHE and BTCF, which. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of flavanoids, triterpene, carbohydrate, and tannin. Our work showed for the first time the broad-spread antimicrobial activity ofB. tetraphylla, which has nonhemolytic action, creating a new perspective on the interesting association of traditional and scientific knowledge.

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF APIGENIN FROM ALLIUM FISTULOSUM

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i5.39769 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

TEENA MAGLINE IMMACULATE V. ◽

SHLINI P. ◽

MARY CLARE H.

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Minor Peak ◽

Objective: The objective of this study is to optimize the extraction of apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxy-flavone) from Allium fistulosum. Methods: The present study aims at extracting flavonoids from the plant using methanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was performed to analyse the phytochemical constituents present in the extract. Apigenin was isolated from the leaves of A. fistulosum and further purified and identified by TLC and HPLC. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of various constituents like terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenolics, cardiac glycosides and amino acids. TLC results indicated the presence of apigenin in the plant extract with the Rf value of 0.88, which coincided with the standard apigenin of Rf value 0.83. HPLC results showed a similarity in the peak of 17.1 min of the standard with the minor peak of 17.324 min of the sample. This proved the presence of apigenin in low quantities. Conclusion: This present study suggests that Allium fistulosum can be a moderate source of apigenin. This compound was isolated for the first time from this plant.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽

Paolo Robert Bueno ◽

Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽

Richard Macapulay ◽

Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Uv Light ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

In vitro anti-bacterial activity of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and its phytochemical screening

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v5i2.23633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

B. Praiwala ◽

S. Priyanka ◽

N. Raghu ◽

N. Gopenath ◽

A. Gnanasekaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Property ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Main Concern ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Screening Assay

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the main concern worldwide to combat infectious. Over the years studies on leaf extracts Tinospora cordifolia have demonstrated the potent role its antibacterial property. The current study is an attempt to test its antibacterial property against Escherichia coli cell division. Material and methods: Phytochemical screening assay of T. cordifolia leaf extract was done using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, amino acid, flavonoid and glycoside components. Results: HPLC analysis revealed the presence of berberine in T. cordifolia leaf extract. Further E. coli cells were treated with berberine to study its efficacy in inhibiting cell division. Antibacterial assay was performed by using disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Among aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, hexane and acetone extract only methanolic extract showed zone of inhibition.