scholarly journals Ectopic Overexpression of Barley PIP2;4 Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-512
Author(s):  
Jayeeta Mitra ◽  
Jay Prakash Awasthi ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Abiotic Stress Condition ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dose Dependent

In the present study HvPIP2;4 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to engineer enhanced salt tolerance. Barley Aquaporin was selected since barley shows fairly good tolerance to drought, salt stress and low temperature compared to many other crops including rice, and it was thought that analysis of barley aquaporin will provide a good insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in transport of water & their efficacy during abiotic stress condition. Arabidopsis line expressing HvPIP2;4 from annual crop plant Hordeum vulgare (Barley) under the control of constitutive promoter was used to analyze the expression of HvPIP2; 4 and its efficacy during salt stress when NaCl concentration gradually increased. The pattern of expression of HvPIP2; 4 were found to be NaCl dose dependent during salt stress. The constitutive expression of HvPIP2;4 enhanced salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. HvPIP2;4 played a dominant role in improving plant salt tolerance. It may be very well presumed that overexpression of HvPIP2;4 in crop plant might benefit them by enhancing their salt tolerance capacity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 498-512

scholarly journals Na+ Transporter SvHKT1;1 from a Halophytic Turf Grass Is Specifically Upregulated by High Na+ Concentration and Regulates Shoot Na+ Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6100
Author(s):  
Yuki Kawakami ◽  
Shahin Imran ◽  
Maki Katsuhara ◽  
Yuichi Tada
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Defective Mutant ◽  
Reduced Salt ◽  
Na Uptake

We characterized an Na+ transporter SvHKT1;1 from a halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT1;1 mediated inward and outward Na+ transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes and did not complement K+ transporter-defective mutant yeast. SvHKT1;1 did not complement athkt1;1 mutant Arabidopsis, suggesting its distinguishable function from other typical HKT1 transporters. The transcript was abundant in the shoots compared with the roots in S. virginicus and was upregulated by severe salt stress (500 mM NaCl), but not by lower stress. SvHKT1;1-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed higher shoot Na+ concentrations and lower salt tolerance than wild type (WT) plants under nonstress and salt stress conditions and showed higher Na+ uptake rate in roots at the early stage of salt treatment. These results suggested that constitutive expression of SvHKT1;1 enhanced Na+ uptake in root epidermal cells, followed by increased Na+ transport to shoots, which led to reduced salt tolerance. However, Na+ concentrations in phloem sap of the SvHKT1;1 lines were higher than those in WT plants under salt stress. Based on this result, together with the induction of the SvHKT1;1 transcription under high salinity stress, it was suggested that SvHKT1;1 plays a role in preventing excess shoot Na+ accumulation in S. virginicus.

A Functional Alternative Oxidase Modulates Plant Salt Tolerance in Physcomitrella patens

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1829-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochun Wu ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Xiaochuan Li ◽  
Yunhong Liu ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Alternative oxidase (AOX) has been reported to be involved in mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis, thus playing an essential role in plant growth as well as stress responses. However, its biological functions in nonseed plants have not been well characterized. Here, we report that AOX participates in plant salt tolerance regulation in moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens). AOX is highly conserved and localizes to mitochondria in P. patens. We observed that PpAOX rescued the impaired cyanide (CN)-resistant alternative (Alt) respiratory pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) aox1a mutant. PpAOX transcription and Alt respiration were induced upon salt stress in P. patens. Using homologous recombination, we generated PpAOX-overexpressing lines (PpAOX OX). PpAOX OX plants exhibited higher Alt respiration and lower total reactive oxygen species accumulation under salt stress condition. Strikingly, we observed that PpAOX OX plants displayed decreased salt tolerance. Overexpression of PpAOX disturbed redox homeostasis in chloroplasts. Meanwhile, chloroplast structure was adversely affected in PpAOX OX plants in contrast to wild-type (WT) P. patens. We found that photosynthetic activity in PpAOX OX plants was also lower compared with that in WT. Together, our work revealed that AOX participates in plant salt tolerance in P. patens and there is a functional link between mitochondria and chloroplast under challenging conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Tamarix hispida ThTrx5 Confers Salt Tolerance to Arabidopsis by Activating Stress Response Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Jiayu Luan ◽  
Jingxiang Dong ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Huiyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Tamarix Hispida ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Water

Salt stress inhibits normal plant growth and development by disrupting cellular water absorption and metabolism. Therefore, understanding plant salt tolerance mechanisms should provide a theoretical basis for developing salt-resistant varieties. Here, we cloned ThTrx5 from Tamarix hispida, a salt-resistant woody shrub, and generated ThTrx5-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Under NaCl stress, the germination rate of overexpressing ThTrx5 lines was significantly increased relative to that of the nontransgenic line; under salt stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione levels and root length and fresh weight values of transgenic ThTrx5 plants were significantly greater than corresponding values for wild-type plants. Moreover, with regard to the transcriptome, comparison of differential gene expression of transgenic versus nontransgenic lines at 0 h and 3 h of salt stress exposure revealed 500 and 194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, that were mainly functionally linked to catalytic activity and binding process. Pull-down experiments showed that ThTrx bound 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1-like protein that influences stress response-associated redox, hormone signal transduction, and transcription factor functions. Therefore, this work provides important insights into ThTrx5 mechanisms that promote salt tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling identifies candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Nong Cui ◽  
Fang-Zhen Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hang Yang ◽  
Jian-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Pugionium cornutum is a xerophytic plant that primarily adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl-) for osmoregulation, improving its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and maintaining high photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, but the associated molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Results: Here, we present an analysis of gene responses to salt stress based on the transcriptome of P. cornutum exposed to 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data revealed that, after NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, the transcript levels of multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl- accumulation and NO3- homeostasis such as SLAH1, CLCg, CCC1, and NPF6.4, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable to enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the plant uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which should be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cell metabolism. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots after salt treatment, possibly resulting in a high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes probably regulating the abovementioned processes were found. Conclusion: Candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified, which lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the xerophytes adapting to harsh environments.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of Salt-Stress-Related Genes Using the FOX Hunting System from Ipomoea pes-caprae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie-Xuan Zheng ◽  
Hui Mo ◽  
Kuai-Fei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Yeast Mutant ◽  
Full Length Cdna ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Ipomoea pes-caprae is a seashore halophytic plant and is therefore a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying salt and stress tolerance in plant research. Here, we performed Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting with a functional screening of a cDNA library using a salt-sensitive yeast mutant strain to isolate the salt-stress-related genes of I. pes-caprae (IpSR genes). The library was screened for genes that complemented the salt defect of yeast mutant AXT3 and could grow in the presence of 75 mM NaCl. We obtained 38 candidate salt-stress-related full-length cDNA clones from the I. pes-caprae cDNA library. The genes are predicted to encode proteins involved in water deficit, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cellular vesicle trafficking, metabolic enzymes, and signal transduction factors. When combined with the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, several potential functional salt-tolerance-related genes were emphasized. This approach provides a rapid assay system for the large-scale screening of I. pes-caprae genes involved in the salt stress response and supports the identification of genes responsible for the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance.

Salt stress responses in a geographically diverse collection of Eutrema/Thellungiella spp. accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ping Lee ◽  
Christian Funk ◽  
Alexander Erban ◽  
Joachim Kopka ◽  
Karin I. Köhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Thellungiella Salsuginea ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Eutrema Salsugineum ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Salinity strongly impairs plant growth and development. Natural genetic variation can be used to dissect complex traits such as plant salt tolerance. We used 16 accessions of the halophytic species Eutrema salsugineum (previously called Thellungiella salsuginea (Pallas) O.E.Schulz, Thellungiella halophila (C.A.Meyer) O.E. Schulz and Thellungiella botschantzevii D.A.German to investigate their natural variation in salinity tolerance. Although all accessions showed survival and growth up to 700 mM NaCl in hydroponic culture, their relative salt tolerance varied considerably. All accessions accumulated the compatible solutes proline, sucrose, glucose and fructose and the polyamines putrescine and spermine. Relative salt tolerance was not correlated with the content of any of the investigated solutes. We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) Col-0 and E. salsugineum Yukon under control and salt stress conditions. Higher content of several metabolites in Yukon compared with Col-0 under control conditions indicated metabolic pre-adaptation to salinity in the halophyte. Most metabolic salt responses in Yukon took place at 200 mM NaCl, whereas few additional changes were observed between 200 and 500 mM. The opposite trend was observed for the transcriptome, with only little overlap between salt-regulated genes in the two species. In addition, only about half of the salt-regulated Yukon unigenes had orthologues in Col-0.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal molecular mechanisms underlying OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinxiao Wang ◽  
Liyu Huang ◽  
Fengping Du ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiuqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Metabolome Profiling

AbstractIntegration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data can provide detailed information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in rice. In the present study, we report a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of rice overexpressing the OsDRAP1 gene, which encodes an ERF transcription factor and was previously identified to be conferring drought tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsDRAP1 overexpression (OE) improved salt tolerance by increasing the survival rate under salt stress. OsDRAP1 affected the physiological indices such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) to enhance redox homeostasis and membrane stability in response to salt stress. Higher basal expression of OsDRAP1 resulted in differential expression of genes that potentially function in intrinsic salt tolerance. A core set of genes with distinct functions in transcriptional regulation, organelle gene expression and ion transport were substantially up-regulated in the OE line in response to salt stress, implying their important role in OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance. Correspondingly, metabolome profiling detected a number of differentially metabolites in the OE line relative to the wild type under salt stress. These metabolites, including amino acids (proline, valine), organic acids (glyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid and ascorbic acid) and many secondary metabolites, accumulated to higher levels in the OE line, demonstrating their role in salt tolerance. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome analysis highlights the crucial role of amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism pathways in OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Halophyte Zoysia macrostachya in Response to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Kuan Liu ◽  
Xue-Jie Zhang ◽  
Luo-Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

As one of the most severe environmental stresses, salt stress can cause a series of changes in plants. In salt tolerant plant Zoysia macrostachya, germination, physiology, and genetic variation under salinity have been studied previously, and the morphology and distribution of salt glands have been clarified. However, no study has investigated the transcriptome of such species under salt stress. In the present study, we compared transcriptome of Z. macrostachya under normal conditions and salt stress (300 mmol/L NaCl, 24 h) aimed to identify transcriptome responses and molecular mechanisms under salt stress in Z. macrostachya. A total of 8703 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4903 up-regulated and 3800 down-regulated ones. Moreover, a series of molecular processes were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and these processes were suggested to be closely related to salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya. The identified DEGs concentrated on regulating plant growth via plant hormone signal transduction, maintaining ion homeostasis via salt secretion and osmoregulatory substance accumulation and preventing oxidative damage via increasing the activity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging system. These changes may be the most important responses of Z. macrostachya under salt stress. Some key genes related to salt stress were identified meanwhile. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya.

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