Effects of Using Digital Devices on Food Consumption among University Students in Nepal

Food consuming behavior is a concern for good physiological, physical, psychological, and social health. An unbalanced eating habit may be related to several factors. The objective of the study was to investigate how the use of digital devices influences graduate students’ eating behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 Masters of Philosophy (MPhil) scholars of Nepal Open University through an online survey. A Chi-square test and a binary logistic regression model were fitted to find the effect of digital devices on food consumption. There was a significant association between the duration of using a mobile phone, computer, and TV with the quantity of food consumed, preferred time of using a laptop with the quantity of food consumed, and the sitting position during the use of digital devices with the quantity of food consumed. The logistic regression model showed that individual’s sitting positions while using digital devices were significant predictors of food consumption at a 95% confidence level.

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Procurement planning as a strategic tool for public procurement effectiveness: Experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania

Journal of Public Procurement ◽

10.1108/jopp-05-2020-0047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ismail Abdi Changalima ◽

Gift Onesmo Mushi ◽

Shadrack Samwel Mwaiseje

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Survival And Development ◽

Procurement Planning

Purpose The significance of the public procurement function is on the survival and development of procuring entities and that of a nation at large. This study aims to focus on examining the influence of procurement planning on the effectiveness of public procurement, experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was adopted from which data were collected from 146 respondents who were purposively chosen from several public procuring entities located at Dodoma city in the United Republic of Tanzania by using a survey structured questionnaire and analysed through a binary logistic regression model. Findings Findings revealed that procurement planning as a strategic function significantly influences the effectiveness of public procurement. The binary logistic regression model included the implementation of prepared procurement plans (p = 0.039), the involvement of users as stakeholders and important institutional actors in public procurement (p = 0.033), compliance to procurement laws and regulations when planning (p = 0.016) and adequacy of budget (p = 0.042) as predictors of procurement planning were tested to be significantly related to the effectiveness of public procurement. It was concluded that public procuring entities can achieve public procurement effectiveness through procurement planning. Social implications The implications and policy recommendations of the findings of this study would be useful to procurement practitioners mostly in public procuring entities. Originality/value This study contributes to adding knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on procurement planning as an imperative activity in public procurement in Tanzania.

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Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17582/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽

Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽

Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽

Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽

Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

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Factors predicting knowledge on COVID-19 misconceptions and perception of government efforts in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20203547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Emmanuel K. Bondah ◽

Daniel O. Agyemang

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Government

Background: With the increasing rate of COVID-19 cases and mortality across the globe, countries and most people have adopted precautionary and preventive measures to avoid been infected with the disease. However, several trending myths and misconceptions also floods the world during this era.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 participants (53% males, 78% aged 18-30 years, and 74% having at least tertiary level education) in Ghana, using a convenience snowballing sampling approach. A self-designed questionnaire based on “World Health Organization (WHO) myth-busters” was used for data collection. A logistic regression model was developed to explore variables predicting misconceptions.Results: With about 75% of respondents believing they knew “a lot” about coronavirus, 41% (confidence interval: 37-45) reported a high level of knowledge on the new coronavirus misconceptions. Social media (87%), and television/radio (57%) were the major sources of knowledge. Masters/Ph.D. degree education, National democratic congress (NDC) political members, other political party members, excellent self-health ratings, social media, respondents that anticipate a remedy in 1-5 years, and the perception that the government is “not doing enough” in fighting the pandemic, were reported factors predicting knowledge in a multiple logistic regression model (p<0.05). Region of residence, political affiliation, self-health ratings, predicted time of remedy, and level of knowledge on covid-19 misconceptions were also associated with the perception of government efforts (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most Ghanaians have much belief in trending misinformation related to the pandemic. Public health education and campaigns should address these misconceptions and encourage the public to seek information from credible sources.

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Dental anxiety and the effectiveness of local anesthesia

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. e208127

Author(s):

Hadi Esmaeili ◽

Mohammad Malekzadeh ◽

Davood Esmaeili ◽

Farid Nikeghbal

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Elementary Education ◽

Regression Model ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Aim: The successful anesthesia is an essential factor for dental treatment. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of local anesthesia and it’s relationship with dental Anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 256 dental patients, in 2017. Dental Anesthesia was administered after completing the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale by the patients. The level of anesthesia was recorded in one of three states (successful, difficult, and failed). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and tests of, Chi-square, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression model. Results: About 60.5% subjects had moderate-severe dental anxiety. The mean of dental anxiety significantly was lower in the successful anesthesia group (P<0.01). Patients with elementary education had a significantly higher level of dental anxiety (P<0.01). Dental anxiety was significantly higher in the age group of ≥59 years, compared to the other age groups, except for 49-58 years (P<0.05). Subjects with a significantly higher level of dental anxiety more delayed their visits to the dentist. The logistic regression model showed that the dental anxiety (high anxiety) and literacy level (elementary) were the most important predictors of failed or difficult anesthesia. Conclusion: Informing patients about dental treatment procedures, regular and periodic visits to the dentist, using psychotherapeutic techniques to reduce dental anxiety before anesthesia, could play an important role in the success of anesthesia.

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Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Mainland China: a single center cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06917-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongjun Yin ◽

Xiaoying Gu ◽

Yimin Wang ◽

Guohui Fan ◽

Binghuai Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Mainland China ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Single Center ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

P Values

Abstract Background The diagnosis and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary disease are challenging issues and the treatment is also prolonged and depends on the species. There is limited information on patients with bronchiectasis and NTM pulmonary disease in Mainland China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. Those adult patients who met the diagnostic criteria for bronchiectasis and obtained a culture result of mycobacteria from lower respiratory tract specimens or lung tissue were included in this study. A logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors in patients with NTM pulmonary disease. Results A total of 202 patients with bronchiectasis from 19 cities, 155 without and 47 (23.3%) with NTM pulmonary disease, were included. In all the 47 patients with NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common species (66.0%), and 72.3% of them were initiated on standard anti-NTM treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. A larger proportion of patients with NTM pulmonary disease had acute exacerbations of ≥ 3 times within 1 year and were diagnosed bronchiectasis ≥ 50 years among patients with NTM pulmonary disease. The HRCT chest images revealed higher proportions of nodular shadow (100% vs. 35.3%), tree-in-bud sign (97.9% vs. 29.0%), cavities (29.8% vs. 5.8%), and airway dilation of the right middle lobe or the left lingular lobe (63.8% vs. 23.9%) in patients with NTM pulmonary disease than in those without NTM pulmonary disease (all P values = 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that three and more abnormal features (OR 33.8; 95% CI 11.1–102.8) and main lesions of bronchial expansion in the middle or lingual lobe (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.4–16.6) in HRCT chest images were independently associated with NTM pulmonary disease (P values = 0.001). Conclusion In a single center of Mainland China, > 23% of patients with bronchiectasis had NTM pulmonary disease, and most patients were started on standard treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. These findings suggest that patients with bronchiectasis should be thoroughly examined for the presence of NTM pulmonary disease. Trial registration NCT03594032.

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Practice and perception of Bangladeshi adults toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29364/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Abdul Wadood ◽

Lai Lee Lee ◽

Md. Monimul Huq ◽

ASMA Mamun ◽

Suhaili Mohd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Perception ◽

High Risk ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Good Practice ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing number of confirmed cases and death. Preventive measures have still been the only way of slowing down the transmission and prevention of the deadly disease. Practice of preventive guidelines and perception about the disease is important in this regard. We aimed to study on practice to prevent and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults during the rapid rise of the outbreak.Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we conducted an online survey to collect data from 320 Bangladeshi adults during the period of 10-20 April, 2020 with a self-developed questionnaire. For measuring their level of practice, a general question was asked to participants, “Are you properly following the guidelines recommended by WHO to avoid COVID-19? Four type of perceptions; (i) seriousness, (ii) susceptibility, (iii) efficacy, and (iv) carry out the measures of the disease were considered for measuring risk of perception. Frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were utilized in this study. Results: More than 71% of participants had good practice of always following the guidelines of the World Health Organization to prevent COVID-19. Logistic regression model demonstrated that people living in urban area (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01) and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. The average risk perception among participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13). More than 27% participants showed high risk perceptions. It was found that males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (0.05) and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high risk perception.Conclusions: The good practice of preventive guidelines and risk perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults were satisfactory but not of the expected level. High socioeconomic status and education were significantly correlated with appropriate practice and perception during the peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government should take step to increase the level of practice to avoid and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic.

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Tobacco use and associated factors among adults reside in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10479-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Befikadu Tariku Gutema ◽

Adefris Chuka ◽

Gistane Ayele ◽

Wubshet Estifaons ◽

Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surveillance Site

Abstract Background Tobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers. There was a varied prevalence of tobacco use and cigarette smoking across different areas. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with current tobacco use among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS). Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in Arba Minch HDSS in 2017. The estimated sample size was 3368 individuals which were selected by simple random sampling techniques using Arba Minch HDSS dataset. Data collection tools were obtained from the WHO STEPwise. Current use of tobacco, which defined as the current use of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco, was considered as the dependent variable. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify candidate variables for the multivariable logistic regression model. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine a statistically significant association between independent and dependent variables. Result The prevalence of tobacco use among adults was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.9–21.6%). The current use of smoked and smokeless tobacco were 17.1% (95%CI: 15.8–18.4%) and 9.7% (95%CI: 8.8–10.8%), respectively. The current use of tobacco was significantly associated with sex (female [AOR 0.54; 95%CI: 0.42–0.68] compared to men), age group (35–44 [AOR 1.57; 95%CI: 1.14–2.17], 45–54 [AOR 1.99; 95%CI: 1.45–2.74], and 55–64 [AOR 3.26; 95%CI: 2.37–4.48] years old compared to 25–35 years old), physical activity (moderate physical activity level [AOR 0.65; 95%CI: 0.44–0.96] compared with low) and residency (highland [AOR 4.39; 95% CI: 3.21–6.01] compared with at lowlander). Also, heavy alcohol consumption (AOR 3.97; 95% CI: 3.07–5.12), and Khat chewing (AOR 3.07(95%CI: 1.64–5.77) were also associated with the use of tobacco among the study participants. Conclusion Nearly one in five adults used tobacco currently in the study area, which is more than the national reports. Interventions for the reduction of tobacco use need to give due attention to men, older adults, uneducated, poor, and highlanders.

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Sociodemographic Determinants of Marital Satisfaction Among an Iranian Population

Journal of Research and Health ◽

10.32598/jrh.11.3.100.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Farahnaz Bahrami ◽

◽

Akram Kharazmi ◽

Shahab Rezaeian ◽

Ali Alami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Family Income ◽

Economic Status ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: There is a lack of Iranian studies on marital satisfaction, which is one of the important factors in the stability of marriage. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sociodemographic variables on marital satisfaction. Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 770 married people from Gonabad City, Northeast of Iran. The simple random sampling method was used. Also, the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale was used to measure marital satisfaction as a dependent variable. A cut-off score of 100 was considered for the scale, with higher scores indicating satisfaction. Moreover, the logistic regression model was used to examine the effects of the variables on marital satisfaction. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 39.2±10.6 years. Most of the participants (75%) were categorized as satisfied, with a Mean±SD score of 113.9±26.8. Besides, both univariate and multiple regression analyses showed a strong significant relationship between economic status and marital satisfaction, ie, a better economic status increased the odds of marital satisfaction. After controlling other investigated variables, the logistic regression model showed that men are about two times more likely than women to be satisfied with their marriage (adjusted odds ratio=1.82). Conclusion: The present findings showed that family income and gender positively influence marital satisfaction. Accordingly, marital satisfaction and family solidarity could be enhanced by the provision of legal and social rules to ensure the equal right of men and women, as well as attempts to improve the economic status of the families.

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Prediction of risk factors of periodontal disease by logistic regression: a study done in Karnataka, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184807 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5301

Author(s):

Shivalingappa Basavantappa Javali ◽

Mohan Anantarao Sunkad ◽

Appasaheb Saheb Wantamutte

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Full Model ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Index

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the dependence of oral health diseases i.e. periodontal disease by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) by considering the number of risk factors through the applications of logistic regression model.Methods: This cross sectional study involves a systematic random sample of 600 permanent dentition aged between 18-40 years in Karnataka, India. The mean age was 34.26±7.28. The risk factors of periodontal disease were established by multiple logistic regression models using SPSS 21.0 statistical software.Results: The factors like frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes are significant persistent predictors of periodontal disease. The log likelihood value of full model is –1085.7876 and AIC is 1.2577 followed by reduced regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for periodontal disease. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the periodontal disease is 0.6128 (full model) and 0.5821 (reduced model).Conclusions: The logistic regression model is useful in predicting risk factors like-frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes for periodontal disease. The fitting performance of reduced logistic regression model is slightly a better fit as compared to full logistic regression model in identifying the these risk factors for both dichotomous periodontal disease.

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Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17582/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽

Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽

Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽

Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽

Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66).Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

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