Association between lipid indices and 10-year cardiovascular risk of a cohort of black Africans living with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Taoreed Adegoke Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Lipid Parameter ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Mean

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is an established cardiovascular risk factor. Diabetes mellitus impairs lipid metabolism and enhances atherosclerosis development. Absolute lipid parameter are inadequate in predicting cardiovascular risk and some lipid indices have been reported to circumvent this deficiency. The objective of the study was to determine the association between these lipid indices and 10-year cardiovascular risk among black Africans with diabetes. Methods Seventy individuals (35 males and 35 females) living with diabetes who attended the diabetes clinic of a referral hospital in South-western Nigeria were recruited to the study. Ethical approval and participants’ informed consent were duly obtained. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin were done using appropriate laboratory techniques. Atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic coefficient, Castelli’s risk index I, Castelli’s risk index II and CHOLindex were calculated using appropriate formulae. QRISK 3 score was obtained using a validated calculator. The association between QRISK 3 and the lipid indices was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Results The mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus among the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. The mean HbA1c and FPG were 6.98±0.72% and 6.32±0.87 mmol/L respectively. The mean QRISK 3 score was 7.58±4.80. There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between QRISK 3 score and AIP, AC, CR I and CR II. CHOLindex did not significantly correlate with QRISK 3 score. Conclusion Among black Africans with diabetes, lipid indices (AIP, AC, CR I and CR II) significantly correlated with QRISK 3 score and therefore may be used as cheap markers of 10-year cardiovascular risk in these individuals.  

Anti-Diabetic Effect of a Flavonoid and Sitosterol - Rich Aqueous Extract ofPleurotus tuberregiumSclerotia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanacho Mercy Onuekwuzu ◽  
Ikewuchi Catherine Chidinma ◽  
Ikewuchi Jude Chigozie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Objective:Traditionally prepared infusions and decoctions are commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus, in southern Nigeria; one of such is the aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium (“usu” milk). In this study, the effects of the extract on the body weights, tissue/ organ weights, fasting blood glucose, blood/plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices were investigated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced by the injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) via the marginal ear vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to normal and diabetic rabbits; while metformin was administered at 50 mg/kg. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled to flame ionization detector.Results:Thirty-one known flavonoids were detected, consisting mainly of isoquercetin (28.5%), luteolin (24.3%), quercetin (18.8%) and kaempferol (11.3%). Sitosterol (82.0%) and stigmasterol (12.5%) were the most abundant of the seven phytosterols detected. Compared to the diabetic control, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the weights of the kidney and liver, as well as the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride, plasma VLDL, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli’s risk index II. It, however, significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma HDL cholesterol, without significantly affecting blood total cholesterol levels.Conclusion:This study showed that the extract was hypoglycemic, and improved lipid profile and atherogenic indices, thus highlighting its cardioprotective potential, thereby supporting its use in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bazyar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Sirous Saradar ◽  
Delsa Mombaini ◽  
Mohammad Allivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Serum PCSK9 Correlates with PTX3 and Apolipoproteins B, A1, and C3 Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Waluś-Miarka ◽  
Maria Kapusta ◽  
Przemysław Miarka ◽  
Ewa Kawalec ◽  
Barbara Idzior-Waluś
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Inflammation Marker ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Mean

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in the regulation of LDL metabolism. There is evidence that circulating PCSK9 is a cardiovascular risk factor. In this study, we determined factors associated with circulating PCSK9 in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Material included 116 consecutive patients with DM2 from outpatient diabetes clinic. Circulating PCSK9, PTX3, apolipoprotein (apo) B100, apo B48, and apo C3 levels were determined by ELISA, apo A1 by immunoturbidimetry. The mean (sd) age of patients was 59.1 (11.1) years, the mean (sd) values of serum PCSK9 were 255.4 (106.97) ng/ml. Circulating PCSK9 correlated negatively with age ( r = − 0.21 , p < 0.05 ) and HbA1c ( r = − 0.21 , p < 0.05 ) and positively with BMI ( r = 0.21 , p < 0.05 ), total cholesterol ( r = 0.59 ), LDL-cholesterol ( r = 0.50 ), triglyceride ( r = 0.35 ), apo B100 ( r = 0.43 ), apo A1 ( r = 0.43 ) ( p < 0.001 for all), apo C3 ( r = 0.29 , p < 0.01 ), and apo B48 ( r = 0.25 , p < 0.01 ) concentration and FLI ( r = 0.26 , p < 0.01 ). Strong correlation between PTX3 and PCSK9 levels was observed ( r = 0.47 , p < 0.001 ). Multiple stepwise backward regression analysis with PCSK9 as dependent variable revealed that PTX3, apo B100, apo A1, apo B48, and BMI were significantly positive and the presence of NAFLD and HbA1c negatively associated with PCSK9 concentrations. These variables together explain 57% of PCSK9 variability; the strongest relationship was observed between PCSK9 and PTX3 and apo B100. Our results indicate that circulating PCSK9 is significantly associated with inflammation marker PTX3 as well as atherogenic lipids and apolipoproteins C3, B100, and B48, which might be of value in understanding interactions between development of atherosclerosis and inflammatory state in DM2 patients.

scholarly journals A Study of QTc Prolongation as a Screening Tool for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients of Karad, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
pp. 2934-2938
Author(s):  
Sanjay Tukaram Thorat ◽  
Parikshit Gajanan Mankar ◽  
Niyati Kaila ◽  
Avanti Jaywant Damle ◽  
Radhika Ratanlal Bajaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Qtc Prolongation

BACKGROUND The occurrence of QT interval prolongation is higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Duration of QT interval corrected (QTc) for heart rate is independently related with severity of cardiovascular diseases in diabetics. This study was proposed to assess the QTc prolongation as a diagnostic tool for cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients. METHODS This study included 100 diabetic patients admitted in wards of a tertiary care center. A thorough clinical examination was carried out for all the patients. Patients were investigated for the fasting blood glucose level, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile & electrocardiogram (ECG). Data was represented as percentage. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of quantitative variables were tabulated, t test was used for correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for evaluating area under curve. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Male preponderance was observed. All the study subjects had a prolonged period of diabetes with various metabolic complications. The area under the curve estimation of QTc > 400 ms with respect to HbA1c and duration of diabetes showed significant correlation between longer duration of diabetes and raised HbA1c associated with raised QTc interval (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of prolonged QTc interval could be utilized for estimating cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients. It can be easily assessed on ECG besides being a noninvasive investigation which is also affordable in evaluating the cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. KEY WORDS Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Electrocardiography, Glycated Haemoglobin A, Long QT Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Effect of calafate (Berberis microphylla) supplementation on lipid profile in rats with diet-induced obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Carla Guzmán ◽  
Raúl Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Freeze Dried

Background: Polyphenols represent a group of bioactive compounds of interest for their efficacy in the prevention and treatment of some diseases of a cardiovascular nature. Calafate (Berberis microphylla) is a native Chilean fruit, promising due to its high number of phenolic compounds, with predominance of anthocyanins delphinidin-3-hexoside and petunidin-3-hexoside.  Methods: Sprague Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were supplemented with 350 mg/kg of freeze-dried calafate for 10 weeks. Dietary variables, plasma glucose, lipid profile, as well as atherogenic and cardiovascular risk indexes were measured.  Results: Animals receiving calafate with their HFD diet compared to the HFD control was not associated with significant modifications in dietary variables or in total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. However, due to the modest elevation of high-density lipoproteins, the Atherogenic Index and the Cardiovascular Risk Index were significantly decreased.  Conclusion: Based on these results, the calafate could have an antithrombotic function, favoring cardiovascular health. Keywords: High-fat diet, polyphenols, calafate berry, HDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index

scholarly journals CONTROL OF GLYCEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PRIMARY CARE IN MONTENEGRO

2018 ◽  
pp. 016
Author(s):  
Milena M. Cojić ◽  
Ljiljana Cvejanov-Kezunović ◽  
Jelena Stanković ◽  
Nebojša Kavarić ◽  
Maja Koraćević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Some observational studies have shown that only a small number of diabetic patients achieve optimum control of glycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in primary care achieve adequate control of glycemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors. This was a retrospective, record-based, cross-sectional study that included eligible patients from 35 to 90 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in Primary Health Care Center in Podgorica. We investigated electronic records of 531 diabetic patients. The observed prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals between ages 35 and 90 years, was 11,84 %. Half of the patients were female. The mean age was 65,88±9,86 years. The mean value of HbA1c was 7,56±1,71. Fifty-nine percents of patients achieved optimal levels of HbA1c ≤ 7 %. Also, more than half of patients achieved target levels of blood pressure while 27.9% achieved LDL ≤ 2.6 mmol/L. Fifty percent of patients were non-smokers and 45.1 % were obese. Among patients on primary prevention only 5.7 % had met all target levels while on secondary prevention that number was even smaller 3.7 %. Our study showed that control of HbA1c and blood pressure was similar to other studies but reaching target levels of LDL was challenging for our patients. Further analysis are needed in order to discover the reasons for poor control of certain CVRF and to develop strategies for its optimal management.

scholarly journals The Ideal Insulin Resistance Index for c\Cardiovascular Risk Discrimination in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoreed Adegoke Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundThis study was aimed at determining the correlation between insulin resistance indices and atherogenic index as well as determining the ability of the indices to discriminate between low and high cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals. The study involved 70 participants. Ethical approval was granted by the institution review board. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profile were analyzed for each participant. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), homeostatic mode assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), fasting glucose insulin ratio (FGIR), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), McAuley’s index and Raynauld’s index were calculated using the appropriate formulae. Pearson’s correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were done.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. Males were 50%. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes in the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. Each index had a strong and significant correlation with fasting plasma insulin (p<0.001). Using AIP as a marker of cardiovascular risk, 14.3% had intermediate/high risk. Among the indices, only McAuley’s index showed a statistically significant negative correlation with AIP (r= -0.453;p<0.001). None of the indices could reliably discriminate between low and intermediate/high cardiovascular risk.ConclusionThe studied indices could not predict cardiovascular risk despite their usefulness as insulin resistance markers. Further studies are needed to identify an ideal insulin resistance index that can also predict cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of lipid abnormalities and Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Sushil Baral ◽  
Achyut Bikram Hamal ◽  
Shyam Kumar BK ◽  
Sandeep Gupta ◽  
Manoj Sigdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Incidence of cardiovascular events is increased to two to four times among diabetic patients when compared with non-diabetic. Dyslipidaemia in diabetes is major risk factor for cardiovascular events. Atherogenic indices have been used as major laboratory measures in clinical practice to assess cardiovascular risk. Recent studies, have shown that non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other atherogenic indices is like or better than LDL-C alone in the prediction of CVD incidence and mortality. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the lipid abnormalities with cardiovascular risk using atherogenic coefficient (Ac), Cardiac Risk Ratio (TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc), TG/HDLc and Non- HDL in diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Bir hospital (tertiary care center) Nepal. Patients diagnosed as diabetes with age 30 years or above were selected in this study during a period of 1 yr. Results: The mean age of the patients enrolled was 55.08±1.11 (34-81) year with male (52 %) to female (48%) ratio is 1.08:1. In this study the mean Non HDLc was 165.24±43.40 mg/dl (65-323) and AC was 4.0±1.09. The finding of AC was slightly higher in female compare to male i.e mean ±S.D 4.07±1.31 and 3.94±1.15. This study show the strong correlation of Non HDLc with total cholesterol (r=.990, p=0.000), LDLc(r=.602,p=0.000),TG (r=.411,p=0.000), LDLc/HDLc (r=.580,p=0.000),TC/HDLc ((r=.866,p=0.000), TG/HDLc (r=.390,p=0.000) and AC (p=0.866). Conclusion: The association between abnormal lipid levels and cardiovascular risk is evident among patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study there is the correlation with FBS, Non HDL-c cholesterol, Cardio risk ratio, TG/HDLc, Atherogenic coefficient. Hence Non-HDL cholesterol and Atherogenic indices proves to be more sensitive and a better predictor of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients.

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