scholarly journals Security for Enhancing Peace and Stability in Changing Context of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Bishnu Raj Upreti
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social Services ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The World

The world is facing new security challenges in 21st century that has forced global and national security actors to think differently. Unconventional security issues such as resource scarcity, climate change effects, livelihood insecurity, environmental insecurity, food and water insecurity, health insecurity, natural calamities and disasters, pandemic diseases, etc. are now integral part of security going beyond conventional security issue of protecting sovereignty and territory of the state. Further, Nepal has also specific geopolitical and geo-strategic issues and challenges emerged from the Sino-Indian dynamics. Global economic and strategic power is shifting from US to China and therefore China will be most influential in the world order in coming few decades. Similarly, India is also rapidly expanding its influence in global and regional sphere. Hence, small countries like Nepal will have both negative and potentially positive efforts (economically, politically, strategically) to deal in the changing global order (protecting national interests in a situation of aggressive approaches of old and emerging powers) in the context of China-India revelry. As Nepal is having rapid change in political and strategic sphere advancement of security sector is eminent. However, dealing with new security challenges requires enabling environment (favourable legal-regulatory provisions, supportive institutional arrangement, required resources, investing in capacity development especially in education and research, developing sound intelligence and integrating security policy with international relations, economic development and social services). Hence, it is essential to expand security discourse and engage citizen to develop ownership, strengthen the National Security Council, create enabling environment (developing relevant policy and strategies, promulgation of laws and development of rules and procedures, creating responsive institutional mechanisms, developing capabilities, making required resources available, parliamentary oversight and monitoring provisions, invest in security research and education) to address emerging new security challenges of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Nigeria and the Challenges of Internal Security in the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Chris I. Nwagboso
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Security Challenges

This paper examines the various internal security challenges confronting Nigeria in the 21st century. The paper adopts historical method and content analysis to investigate how the abysmal failure of the poorly formulated and ineffectively implemented National Security Policy has hitherto exacerbated internal security challenges in Nigeria. The paper further attempts a critical review of major internal security challenges hitherto confronting the country; such as the Niger Delta crises, kidnapping in the South-East geo-political zone, Jos crises, Boko Haram crises and crises by Fulani Herdsmen in the Northern part of Nigeria. The result of the analysis shows that these internal security challenges have not only been difficult to address by the National Security Policy, but have also impacted negatively on the country's desired socio-economic development in the 21st century. The paper, therefore, recommends among others, the need for a careful review of the Nigeria's National Security Policy that will not only be integrative/comprehensive in outlook, but will also take cognizance of some domestic factors that are currently responsible for internal security problems in the country; such as unemployment, inequality, poverty, fraudulent electoral process, corruption, skewed federalism, porous nature of the Nigeria’s borders, sabotage among politicalelites, bad governance, religious intolerance, citizen-settler controversies, among others.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Indonesian Security Outlook

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Diah Ayu Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
The People ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The World ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
People Movement

Security issue has always become a major problem for every sovereign state. Tremendous changes to the world society these days for example through advance technologies, extreme perception of the religious beliefs, people movement across the globe, and economic disparity, had oblige sovereign states to adjust significantly towards its security policy. Indonesia, an archipelagic, with its strategic location and diverse community has always at the crossroad to overcome the security challenges that occurs since Independence Day in 1945 until recent days. This article will briefly define Indonesia’s security policy, and discussing possible ways to deterrence conflicts through strengthening the main tools of internal defenses and beneficial international cooperation in security. Contemporary Second track Indonesia foreign policy stands on the basic of the international cooperations on security to protect the people and interests.Keywords: Security, Indonesia, Military and Defense

scholarly journals SOME SECURITY CHALLENGES FOR GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Kuprashvili
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Information Age ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
New Era ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges

Important is the fact that the transition from the industrial age of humanity to the information age and the transformation of information into the dominant the process of the development of civilization as a main strategic resource, acordingly, the incredible development of information-telecommunication technologies has shown unprecedented changes and trends in the world politics, military and other fields of the 21st century. In the new era, the security of modern Georgia, as well as other countries, is generally conditioned by many new challenges and threats. Moreover, the provision of its national security is to some extent also defined by the world of values of national self-determination, spiritual life, morality, culture and history.

A Compact Embodiment of Pluralities and Denial of Origins: Atwood’s The Year of The Flood

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rana Sağıroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Near Future

Margaret Atwood, one of the most spectacular authors of postmodern movement, achieved to unite debatable and in demand critical points of 21st century such as science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism in the novel The Year of The Flood written in 2009. The novel could be regarded as an ecocritical manifesto and a dystopic mirror against today’s degenerated world, tending to a superficial base to keep the already order in use, by moving away from the fundamental solution of all humanity: nature. Although Atwood does not want her works to be called science fiction, it is obvious that science fiction plays an introductory role and gives the novel a ground explaining all ‘why’ questions of the novel. However, Atwood is not unjust while claiming that her works are not science fiction because of the inevitable rapid change of 21st century world becoming addicted to technology, especially Internet. It is easily observed by the reader that what she fictionalises throughout the novel is quite close to possibility, and the world may witness in the near future what she creates in the novel as science fiction. Additionally, postmodernism serves to the novel as the answerer of ‘how’ questions: How the world embraces pluralities, how heterogeneous social order is needed, and how impossible to run the world by dichotomies of patriarchal social order anymore. And lastly, ecocriticism gives the answers of ‘why’ questions of the novel: Why humanity is in chaos, why humanity has organized the world according to its own needs as if there were no living creatures apart from humanity. Therefore, The Year of The Flood meets the reader as a compact embodiment of science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism not only with its theme, but also with its narrative techniques.

Narrative Misdirection? UK Strategic Communication for Afghanistan and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cawkwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
The Uk

Britain’s war in Afghanistan – specifically its latter stages, where the UK’s role and casualties sustained in the conflict rose dramatically – coincided with the institutional emergence of Ministry of Defence-led ‘Strategic Communication’. This article examines the circumstances through which domestic strategic communication developed within the UK state and the manner in which the ‘narratives’ supporting Britain’s role in Afghanistan were altered, streamlined and ‘securitised’. I argue that securitising the Afghanistan narrative was undertaken with the intention of misdirecting an increasingly sceptical UK public from the failure of certain aspects of UK counter-insurgency strategy – specifically its counter-narcotics and stabilisation efforts – by focusing on counter-terrorism, and of avoiding difficult questions about the UK’s transnational foreign and defence policy outlook vis-à-vis the United States by asserting that Afghanistan was primarily a ‘national security’ issue. I conclude this article by arguing that the UK’s domestic strategic communication approach of emphasising ‘national security interests’ may have created the conditions for institutionalised confusion by reinforcing a narrow, self-interested narrative of Britain’s role in the world that runs counter to its ongoing, ‘transnationalised’ commitments to collective security through the United States and NATO.

Dreams of Freedom, Temptations of Power

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-280
Author(s):  
Melvyn P. Leffler
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
September 11 ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
September 11 Attacks ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter considers the end of the Cold War as well as its implications for the September 11 attacks in 2001, roughly a decade after the Cold War ended. While studying the Cold War, the chapter illustrates how memory and values as well as fear and power shaped the behavior of human agents. Throughout that struggle, the divergent lessons of World War II pulsated through policymaking circles in Moscow and Washington. Now, in the aftermath of 9/11, governments around the world drew upon the lessons they had learned from their divergent national experiences as those experiences had become embedded in their respective national memories. For policymakers in Washington, memories of the Cold War and dreams of human freedom tempted the use of excessive power with tragic consequences. Memory, culture, and values played a key role in shaping the evolution of U.S. national security policy.

scholarly journals Analysis the Impact of National Security Policy and Security Challenges on the Citizens of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Omer Farooq Zain
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Pakistan is considered to below middle an income country in south Asia having a fragile and agro based economy.  Pakistan is encountering various sociopolitical, geo political, socioeconomic and socio-religious issues and challenges which are halting its national security.  . In this regard to counter above mentioned challenges of national security the pioneer defense and NSP (National Security Policy) followed soon after. In the absence of sufficient and particular literature on the subject of national security, the opening part of this research work will first highlight the overarching national interests of Pakistan secondly analysis of the current challenges which are obstructing Pakistan to achieve these national interests and identification of significant threats to national security. In the later part, a comprehensive examination of the current NSP (National Security Policy) of Pakistan and related documents will be done to answer the primary research question that whether this strategic manuscript addresses the major threats to the national security of Pakistan recognized in our research work as the fear of fundamental Islamist terrorism to the tourism industry overseas pressure and planned crime.    

Migration – a Significant Social Security Concern for the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (29) ◽  
pp. 22-63
Author(s):  
Jozef Matis ◽  
Lenka Nagyová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Security Concern

The article presents the view of migration seen as a serious global problem of the 21st century that must be seriously considered by the European Union. Particularly, uncontrolled mass migration is conceived as a global problem because it affects all areas of life of every society – political, economic and cultural. The article highlights the main causes of mass migration: poverty and its deepening in the world, and the war. These phenomena are briefly described and analysed in the first part of the article. The second part is concerned with the description and analysis of the possible consequences of uncontrolled mass migration for the European Union. Radicalism, extremism and terrorism were defined as the most serious consequences of uncontrolled mass migration in the article. Despite the fact that migration is conceived as an important social and security issue, it is also defined as an important factor of the current European integration. At the end of the article it is concluded that if migration is not conceived as an important social and security issue which needs to be addressed, it can result in such phenomena as radicalism, extremism and terrorism in the European Union.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURE SHOULD BE MATTER OF BRAZILIAN NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (73) ◽  
pp. 96-123
Author(s):  
Daniel Vidal Pérez ◽  
Fortunato Lobo Lameiras
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Conceptual Evolution

Death from hunger in the world may overcome the number of deaths in conventionalwar. Therefore, food should be considered a National Security core issue of anycountry. However, the concept of National Security has evolved in this directiononly with the end of the Cold War and a growing public awareness that globalchanges may exacerbate tensions related to food and water shortages. Accordingly,this paper presents a conceptual evolution of the food issue within the context ofNational Security. Brazil’s situation is contrasted to international scenarios outlinedin an attempt to earn greater attention from the Ministry of Defense regardingBrazilian agriculture due to its important role in the five expressions of nationalpower.

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