Tobacco Use and Dependence among Psychiatry Out-Patients of a Health Institute in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Suren Limbu ◽  
D R Shakya ◽  
N Sapkota ◽  
R Gautam Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Psychiatry Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Background: Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users is essential as highly dependent individuals have greater risk of developing tobacco related physical and psychiatric problems. There is little information about the tobacco use and nicotine dependence among psychiatric patients in developing countries, including Nepal. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use, the level of nicotine dependence and the psychiatric disorder specific prevalence among tobacco users visiting a psychiatry out-patient department. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Out-patient setting of Department of Psychiatry, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS). Ninety cases (calculated sample size) were enrolled. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was applied to assess the level of nicotine dependence and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of Psychiatric disorders. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 55.6%. Tobacco use was more common among males (pvalue < 0.05). Smokeless form was the common form of tobacco. Majority of them had started their consumption in their adolescence. Most users had moderate nicotine dependence. Major depressive disorder and Alcohol dependence were the most common diagnoses among tobacco users. Conclusion: More than half of the psychiatry out-patients consumed tobacco. Future studies that help to understand the relationship and possible mechanism of increased tobacco use in patients with psychiatry disorders are required. Tobacco control and prevention strategies should be initiated targeting vulnerable populations such as male gender and adolescent.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use, Dependence and Psychiatric Co-Morbidities Among Patients Admitted in Psychiatry Ward

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
S Limbu ◽  
DR Shakya ◽  
N Sapkota ◽  
R Gautam ◽  
L Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: Nicotine dependent individuals among the tobacco users are in greater risk of having tobacco related disease and psychiatric co-morbidities. There is little information about the tobacco use and nicotine dependence among psychiatric patients in developing countries including Nepal. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use, the level of nicotine dependence among the users and the psychiatric disorder specific prevalence among tobacco users admitted in psychiatry ward.Material And Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in In-patient setting of Department of Psychiatry, BPKIHS. Ninety cases (size) were enrolled. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was applied to assess the level of nicotine dependence and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) for diagnosis of Psychiatric disorders.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 62.2%. Tobacco use was more common among males (p value< 0.05).Smokeless form was the commonest form of tobacco. Majority of tobacco users had moderate nicotine dependence and had started the use in adolescence and in their 20s. Psychotic disorders were the most common diagnosis among the admitted patients.Conclusion: Tobacco use is common in patients with psychiatric disorders. Nicotine dependence should be looked into for holistic management. Treatment approaches should be tailored in tobacco users with comorbid psychiatric disorders, as this specific population has high prevalence of tobacco use and higher nicotine dependence. J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, Page: 54-59

scholarly journals The Role of CYP2A6 Genetic Polymorphism in Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Consumption among Bataknese Male Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Novisari Soeroso ◽  
Rozaimah Zain-Hamid ◽  
Bintang Y. M. Sinaga ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
Tamsil Syafiuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cyp2a6 Gene

AIM: This research aimed to analyse the relationship between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism with nicotine dependence and its relation to the number of cigarette consumption among Bataknese smokers.METHOD: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 140 research subjects in Medan, Indonesia.RESULTS: Nicotine dependence rates were found to be significantly associated with the number of cigarette consumption expressed in the Brinkman Index.CONCLUSION: The *1A wild-type alleles have a greater risk of high-very high dependence rate compared to the other variants.

scholarly journals Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users visiting outreach programs in Dharan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Subedi ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Tarakant Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Nicotine Dependency ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Nicotine is a highly addictive substance present in tobacco. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and compare the nicotine dependence among smokers and smokeless tobacco users visiting dental outreach programs of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences -Dharan, Nepal. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 726 people were selected from participants of dental outreach programs of 6 districts using convenience sampling technique. The data collection was done using semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview by a single researcher. History of tobacco use and level of nicotine dependency was measured using Nepali translated and validated form of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for smoking and smokeless. The mean age of the tobacco users was 39.55 ± 15.57 (Range = 19–82 years). Descriptive statistics including the mean, median, percentage, standard deviations and interquartile range were computed. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and odds ratio were calculated where needed. Results The overall prevalence of any tobacco use, smoking form, smokeless and both form was found to be 32.8%, 14.9%, 14.3% and 3.6% respectively. Nicotine dependence (moderate and severe) was found in 80% of smokeless tobacco users and 48% of smokers. Among the smokeless tobacco users nicotine dependency was found to be more with female gender (Odds ratio = 4.98, 95%CI = 1.41–17.69, p = 0.01), increase in duration of tobacco use with every 10 years, low socioeconomic status (Odds ratio = 2.75, 95%CI = 1.02–7.40, p = 0.04), married, not using alcohol. Among smokers nicotine dependency was found to be significantly higher with more than 30 years of duration (Odds ratio = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.42–7.92, p = 0.005). Conclusions The study concluded that prevalence of tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence was high among the people visiting dental outreach programs. This study incorporated both smoking and smokeless tobacco users. It is high time to develop a policy to control tobacco use along with creating tobacco cessation centers. Tobacco control program are basically focusing on smoking. However, it is very necessary to incorporate in policy level to control smokeless tobacco along with smoking. Tobacco cessation centers will obviously help to quit tobacco among the tobacco users.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Adult Psychiatric Patients in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017. Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955732198969
Author(s):  
Badiru Dawud ◽  
Eyerusalem Yeshigeta ◽  
Alemayehu Negash ◽  
Almaz Mamaru ◽  
Liyew Agenagnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Substance use disorders are more common among people with mental illness than in the general population. It makes recovery from mental illness more difficult, leads to frequent thoughts of suicide and re-hospitalization. Objective: Aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and associated factors among adult psychiatric patients in Jimma Town, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 patients with mental illness using the case tracing method. Participants were interviewed using the alcohol use disorder identification test questionnaire to assess Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Fagerstrom test tool for nicotine dependence and structured questionnaires were utilized to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The variable that showed association with AUD and nicotine dependence at P < .25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into multivariable logistic regressions to control confounders for both outcome variables independently. The significance of association was determined by P < .05 and strength was described using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence was 14.3% and 23.3%, respectively. Female gender (AOR 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.57), starting treatment within the first month of the onset of the illness (AOR 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05-0.82) and nicotine dependence(AOR 4.84, 95% CI = 1.85-12.67) associated with AUD. Additionally, being female (AOR 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01-0.25), joblessness (AOR 3.05, 95% CI = 1.30-7.16), absence of relapse of illness (AOR 0.18, 95% CI = 0.065-0.503), no improvement in illness (AOR 5.3, 95% CI = 1.70-16.50), and current khat use (AOR 3.09, 95% CI = 1.21-7.90) were associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of substance use disorders among psychiatric patients in the community. Being female, experiencing a shorter duration of illness before initiating treatment, and nicotine-dependence were significantly associated with AUD. On the other hand, female sex and absence of relapse of illness were negatively associated with nicotine dependence whereas, joblessness, less improvement of illness, and khat chewing were positively associated with it. Therefore, services on substance use disorders have to be extended to the community level with wide-scale training for the town’s health care providers, including health extension workers who have direct contact with these individuals. Accordingly, comprehensive and suitable interventions were advised to be provided on factors contributing to substance use disorders in general.

scholarly journals Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users visiting outreach programs in Dharan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Subedi ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Tarakant Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Nicotine Dependency ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Nicotine is a highly addictive substance present in tobacco. This study was conducted to assess the level of nicotine dependence among smokers and smokeless tobacco users visiting dental outreach programs of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences -Dharan, Nepal. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 726 people were selected from participants of dental outreach programs of 6 districts using convenience sampling technique. The data collection was done using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview by a single researcher. History of tobacco use and level of nicotine dependency was measured using Nepali translated and validated form of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for smoking and smokeless tobacco. The mean age of the tobacco users was 39.55 ± 15.57. Descriptive statistics including the mean, median, percentage, standard deviations and interquartile range were computed. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, univariate and bivariate logistic regression were used where needed. Results Nicotine dependence (moderate and severe) was found in 80% of smokeless tobacco users and 48% of smokers. Among the smokeless tobacco users, nicotine dependency was found to be more with increase in duration of tobacco use (AOR = 50.25, 95%CI = 3.51–718.62, p = 0.004), low socioeconomic status (AOR = 6.27, 95%CI = 1.30–30.31, p = 0.02), less number of tobacco packets used per day and tried to quit tobacco use in last 1 year. Among smokers nicotine dependency was found to be significantly higher with smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (AOR = 7.14, 95% CI = 2.00–25.40, p = 0.002). Conclusions The study concluded that level of nicotine dependence for both smoking and smokeless tobacco was high among the people visiting dental outreach programs. It is high time to develop a policy to control tobacco use along with creating tobacco cessation centers. Currently, tobacco control program is mostly focusing on smoking. However, it is also important to incorporate smokeless tobacco control at policy level.

scholarly journals Attenuated psychosis in primary caregiver of psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobul Hasan Ansari ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gaur ◽  
Suhail Ahmed Azmi ◽  
Ved Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Attenuated or transient Psychosis is experienced by a substantial proportion of the general population. Research also predicted that subjects perceiving psychotic-like experience are at high risk to develop psychotic spectrum disorder in the future. Aim The present study planned to estimate the psychotic-like experience or Attenuated psychosis in caregivers of psychotic patients attending the psychiatry department at JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh. In this study, we will also assess the relationship between disturbed sleep, perceived stress, and transient psychosis. Materials and methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit all the subjects with informed written consent. All data were collected by applying a self-administered semi-structured proforma. Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI), Launay Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) on the subjects. Statistical analyses was done by using SPSS software 20 version. Result: Result shows the majority of caregivers belong to the age group 18-30 years (56.45%). Maximum patients have the persecutory type of psychotic-like experience and among hallucinatory experience maximum subjects responded that “no matter how hard I try to concentrate; unrelated thoughts always creep into my mind”. Delusion experiences were strongly positively correlated with hallucinatory experiences, perceived stress. Hallucinatory experiences were positively correlated with perceived stress poor sleep quality. Conclusion: It can be concluded that stress increases subclinical delusional and hallucinatory experiences. Though disturbed sleep is positively correlated with hallucination but not a delusion.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of tobacco consumption in tribal district of Madhya Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Verma ◽  
Deepak Saklecha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Kasar
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tribal Areas

Background: Tobacco use is one of the common risk factors for major non-communicable diseases. It succumbs half of its users to death. Estimates suggest that tobacco will cause about 150 million deaths in the first quarter of the century and 300 million in the second quarter. Prevalence of tobacco use in rural area is higher than urban area. While there is still paucity of data of tobacco consumption among tribal population. The study aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption and its different modes among tribal population. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among 800 study subject 15 years and above of randomly selected villages of Mandla district of M.P., from January 2015 to June 2015 using a pre-designed pre-tested proforma. Results: Tobacco consumption was prevalent among 43.38% of the study subjects with khaini (68.3%) being the most common form of tobacco consumed followed by betel nut (9.5%). Its consumption was significantly associated with gender, age group, educational status and the marital status of the respondents. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use is alarmingly high (43.38%). There is a need to strengthen IEC and Behaviour change communication activities focussing on the hazardous effects of tobacco through health education campaigns is needed in tribal areas. 

scholarly journals Better Cognitive Function Increase the Independence Level of Eldery

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Syahreza Nazhara ◽  
Maria Regina Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Katz Index ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The number of elderly is increasing, estimated by the year of 2020 reach 28,800,000 (11.34%) ofthe total population. One of the common problems of the elderly is dependence on daily activity function andcognitive function. There is no data about the relationship between cognitive function with independence indaily activity in rthe nursing home. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between cognitivefunction with the level of independence on daily activity in the elderly who live in a nursing home.Methods: Study design was analytical observation by the cross-sectional study. The instruments that used inthis study was the Mini Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE) questionnaire, to measure the cognitive function,Katz index questionnaire to measure the level of independency. analyzed by Spearman correlation test.Results: The subjects were 107 elderly, the mean age was 69.7±8.7. MMSE score were 0-17 (severe), 18-23(moderate), and 24-30 (Normal), respectively were; 62 (57.9%) ,26 (24.3%),19 (17.8%). Katz Index score were02 (severe dependency), 3-5 (moderate dependency), and 6 (independence), respectively were; 8 (7,5%), 24(22,4%), 70 (70,1%). There is the positive relationship between cognitive function and the level of independencein elderly (p=0.000, r = 0.335).Conclusion: The higher cognitive function correlates with the higher independence level of elderly in nurseryhome.Keywords: cognitive function, independence level, elderly, nursery home

scholarly journals Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Ballabgarh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Ankit Chandra ◽  
Anand Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Hospital

 Tobacco use is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and has a synergistic effect with diabetes and hypertension. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among adult diabetic and/or hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 419 consecutively enrolled patients from the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) outpatient clinic of a secondary level hospital in Ballabgarh, India between July 2018 and January 2019. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire to assess tobacco use and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine dependence. Current tobacco users were defined as those who smoked in the past seven days. Nicotine dependence was classified as low, moderate or high for the FTND score of 0 -3, 4-6, and 7-10, respectively. Seventy-nine patients had diabetes, 226 had hypertension, and 114 had both. The prevalence of tobacco use was 20.8% (95% CI : 17.1 - 24.9); prevalence of smoking was 15% (95% CI: 11.9 – 18.8) and smokeless tobacco use was 7.2% (95% CI: 5 - 10.1). Moderate to high nicotine dependence was found among 59.7% of tobacco users; 75.9% tobacco users attempted to quit tobacco in the past one month. One-fifth of attendees of a NCD clinic in a secondary level hospital used tobacco, most of whom had moderate-to-high nicotine dependence.  High level of nicotine dependence and inability to quit despite making an attempt for it necessitates the inclusion of tobacco cessation services in the management of patients with non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Cigarettes Smoking Behavior and Nicotine Dependence among Chinese Methamphetamine Users in Two Provinces

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyun Wang ◽  
Yanping Bao ◽  
Shiyan Yan ◽  
Zhi Lian ◽  
Zhenjun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Sexual Impulse ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To survey cigarette behaviors and nicotine dependence among Chinese MA users, explore risk factors for high nicotine dependence, and analyze the relationship between nicotine dependence and MA-related euphoria and sexual impulse.Methods. A cross-sectional study, applying a self-designed questionnaire with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), was performed among 391 MA users in Beijing and Guangdong, China.Results. Most MA users were smokers, including 159 having high dependence on nicotine (HD users,FTND>5)and 197 low or medium dependent (LMD users,FTND≤5). Men or married users were more likely to be highly dependent than women or unmarried users. Higher MA dose and ever-use of ketamine or alcohol were associated with higher likelihood of high nicotine dependence. HD users reported significantly higher euphoria and stronger sexual impulse after using MA, indicated by higher VAS scores.Conclusions. Potential risk factors for high nicotine dependence among MA users may include male gender, being married, higher MA dosage, and ever-use of ketamine or alcohol, which should be taken into consideration in individualized health promotion on smoking cessation. Severe nicotine dependence was associated with stronger MA-related euphoria and sexual impulse and it should be confirmed by further studies.

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