scholarly journals Tuberculosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemma

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ravi R. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem, and more common in developing countries like Nepal. Worldwide, it is the second most frequent cause of death from infectious disease. Patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under mainte­nance dialysis are more likely to develop TB compared to general population. Given the increasing prevalence of CKD in TB endemic areas, a merging of CKD and TB epidemics could have significant public health implications, especially in low- to middle-income countries like Nepal. Because of increased frequency of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patient with CKD, the clinical presentation is atypical and leads to diagnostic dilemma.

scholarly journals A Fatal and Rare Case of Hydatid Cyst in the Pouch of Douglas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Asnani ◽  
Sunil Kumar Yeshvanth ◽  
Lancelot Lobo ◽  
Shipra Sonkusare
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Pouch Of Douglas

Abstract Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection and a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. A 79-year-old female patient was presented to the gynecology outpatient department with complaints of pain in the abdomen and difficulty in micturition, with a mass palpable per speculum. The ultrasound was suggestive of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, whereas computed tomography of the abdomen favored hydatid cyst with adnexal neoplasm as a differential diagnosis. Considering the contradictory findings, a frozen section was sent to confirm the diagnosis, which showed hooklets of Echinococcus granulosus/hydatid cyst under the microscope. This was a rare case of pelvic hydatid cyst mimicking ovarian malignancy and was associated with a less-preferred mode of investigation (frozen section). This article focuses on how a frozen section, despite its limitations and being expensive, can still be considered for accurate patient management.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and associated mortality of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazou N Temgoua ◽  
Celestin Danwang ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the major cause of mortality in these patients. Despite a high burden of CKD among patients in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), evidence on the distribution of CVD among these patients is lacking. This review seeks to determine the prevalence, incidence and mortality risks of CVD in patients with CKD in LMICs.Methods and analysisA systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health and WHO Global Health Library databases for published studies reporting on the prevalence, incidence and associated mortality risk of CVD in CKD patients in LMICs will be conducted from 1 May 1987 to 1 July 2017 with no language restriction. Two authors will independently screen, select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias in each study. Clinically homogeneous studies will be pooled after assessing for clinical and statistical heterogeneity using the χ2test on Cochrane’s Q statistic which is quantified by I2values; assuming that I2values of 25%, 50% and 75% represent low, medium and high heterogeneity, respectively. Funnel-plot analysis and Egger’s test will be used to detect publication bias. Results will be presented according to WHO Regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia and Western Pacific).Ethics and disseminationThis proposed study will not require ethical approval as it will be based on published data. We will publish the final report of this review in a peer-reviewed journal, and the findings will be disseminated to the appropriate health authorities.

Chronic kidney disease and the aging population

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Marcello Tonelli ◽  
Miguel Riella
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The proportion of older people in the general population is steadily increasing worldwide, with the most rapid growth in low- and middle-income countries [1]. This demographic change is to be celebrated, because it is the consequence of socio-economic development and a better life expectancy. However, population aging also has important implications on society – in diverse areas including health systems, labour markets, public policy, social programmes, and family dynamics [2]. A successful response to the aging population will require capitalising on opportunities this transition offers, as well as effectively addressing its challenges.

scholarly journals Towards systematic evaluation of epidemic responses during humanitarian crises: a scoping review of existing public health evaluation frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e002109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdihamid Warsame ◽  
Karl Blanchet ◽  
Francesco Checchi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Epidemic Response

Epidemics continue to pose a significant public health threat to populations in low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about the appropriateness and performance of response interventions in such settings. We undertook a rapid scoping review of public health evaluation frameworks for emergency settings in order to judge their suitability for assessing epidemic response. Our search identified a large variety of frameworks. However, very few are suitable for framing the response to an epidemic, or its evaluation. We propose a generic epidemic framework that draws on elements of existing frameworks. We believe that this framework may potentially be of use in closing the gap between increasing global epidemic risk and the ability to respond effectively.

scholarly journals The Chronic Kidney Disease in Africa (CKD-Africa) collaboration: lessons from a new pan-African network

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006454
Author(s):  
Cindy George ◽  
Suzaan Stoker ◽  
Ikechi Okpechi ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Andre Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Sub Saharan

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, seemingly affecting individuals from low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the growing evidence pointing to an increasing prevalence of CKD across Africa, there has not been an Africa-wide concerted effort to provide reliable estimates that could adequately inform health services planning and policy development to address the consequences of CKD. Therefore, we established the CKD in Africa (CKD-Africa) Collaboration. To date, the network has curated data from 39 studies conducted in 12 African countries, totalling 35 747 participants, of which most are from sub-Saharan Africa. We are, however, continuously seeking further collaborations with other groups who have suitable data to grow the network. Although many successful research consortia exist, few papers have been published (with none from Africa) detailing the challenges faced and lessons learnt in setting up and managing a research consortium. Drawing on our experience, we describe the steps taken and the key factors required to establish a functional collaborative consortium among researchers in Africa. In addition, we present the challenges we encountered in building our network, how we managed those challenges and the benefit of such a collaboration for Africa. Although the CKD-Africa Collaboration is focused primarily on CKD research, many of the lessons learnt can be applied more widely in public health research in LMICs.

scholarly journals The Effectof Exercise to Glomerular Filtration Barrier System in Diabetic Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
World Population ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
The World

People with diabetes mellitus are spread all over the world. Currently, it is estimated that nearly 425 million (8.8% of the world population), 20 - 79 years old, most (79%) are in low and middle income countries. The estimated number of people with diabetes will increase in 2045 to 625 million [1]. Along with these results the number of macro and microvascular complications is also expected to increase. About 40% of diabetics experience proteinuria in the form of microalbuminuria which is a sign of the progression of chronic kidney disease. Without special intervention 20-40% of patients with microalbuminuria will develop overtnepropathy and around 20% after 20 years theonsetof overt nepropathy will become CKD (Chronic kidney disease) [2].

scholarly journals The incidence of and risk factors for late presentation of childhood chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244709
Author(s):  
Lucy Plumb ◽  
Emily J. Boother ◽  
Fergus J. Caskey ◽  
Manish D. Sinha ◽  
Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

Background When detected early, inexpensive measures can slow chronic kidney disease progression to kidney failure which, for children, confers significant morbidity and impacts growth and development. Our objective was to determine the incidence of late presentation of childhood chronic kidney disease and its associated risk factors. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, grey literature and registry websites for observational data describing children <21 years presenting to nephrology services, with reference to late presentation (or synonyms thereof). Independent second review of eligibility, data extraction, and risk of bias was undertaken. Meta-analysis was used to generate pooled proportions for late presentation by definition and investigate risk factors. Meta-regression was undertaken to explore heterogeneity. Results Forty-five sources containing data from 30 countries were included, comprising 19,339 children. Most studies (37, n = 15,772) described children first presenting in kidney failure as a proportion of the chronic kidney disease population (mean proportion 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.54). Using this definition, the median incidence was 2.1 (IQR 0.9–3.9) per million age-related population. Risk associations included non-congenital disease and older age. Studies of hospitalised patients, or from low- or middle-income countries, that had older study populations than high-income countries, had higher proportions of late presentation. Conclusions Late presentation is a global problem among children with chronic kidney disease, with higher proportions seen in studies of hospitalised children or from low/middle-income countries. Children presenting late are older and more likely to have non-congenital kidney disease than timely presenting children. A consensus definition is important to further our understanding and local populations should identify modifiable barriers beyond age and disease to improve access to care.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease in low-income to middle-income countries: the case for increased screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy George ◽  
Amelie Mogueo ◽  
Ikechi Okpechi ◽  
Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries
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