scholarly journals A study of depression among patients of substance use disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Pradhan ◽  
SC Sharma ◽  
MR Shrestha ◽  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Depressive disorder is frequently found as a comorbidity among patients with substance abuse. Most of the time it is reported as underdiagnosed and a majority of patients go untreated. Many studies have indicated that comorbid depressive symptoms play a major role in the prognosis of substance use disorder and the relapse has been found to be greater in patients who have a comorbid depression. The present study seeks to determine the comorbidity of depression in cases with substance abuse and their sociodemographic characteristics. Objective: The current study is aimed to determine the relationship between various drug abusing patterns and comorbidity of depression with substance use disorders. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in 42 patients, who were consecutively admitted in psychiatric ward of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital and Punarjeevan Hospital with the diagnosis of mental and behavioural disorder due to use of psychoactive substances, according to ICD-10. The study was carried out from 1st January 2010 to 30th December 2010. All patients were rated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: Among all subjects, 31 (73.8 %) were found to be suffering from Depression among which 19 (45.2%) had mild to moderate depression and 12 (28.6%) had severe depression. Depression was seen among 80% of unemployed subjects, followed by 75% employed subjects and 68.8% students. In method of drug intake, 21 (50%) subjects used oral drugs, 12 (28.6%) subjects used intravenous route and 5 (11.9%) subjects used inhalational drugs. All patients using intravenous drugs were found to have depression. Among drugs abused, 22 (52.4%) patients used multiple substances like alcohol and cannabis, 11 (26.2%) patients used Heroin, 6 (14.3%) patients used drugs like Diazepam, Dextropropoxyphene, Nitrazepam and Promethazine, followed by 3 (7.1%) patients using Buprenorphine. Depression was found in 6 (54.54%) out of 11 subjects who used Heroin followed by 19 (86.63%) out of 22 subjects who were dependent on alcohol, cannabis and other substances. Conclusion: The result showed strong correlation between depressive symptoms and substance abuse, which draws attention to the need of taking into consideration the comorbidity and its management. Clinicians should routinely assess for depression in patients with substance abuse disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8145 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct.-Dec., 2012: 96-99

scholarly journals The influence of depressive symptoms and substance use on adherence to antiretroviral therapy. A cross-sectional prevalence study

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Siqueira Tufano ◽  
Ricardo Abrantes do Amaral ◽  
Luciana Roberta Donola Cardoso ◽  
André Malbergier
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
The Past

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is not a stable condition, but is dynamic, like mental conditions. The aim of this study was to examine whether non-adherence to ART is related to demographic and immunological variables, substance use and presence of depressive symptoms.DESIGN AND SETTING:This was a cross-sectional prevalence study carried out at a public AIDS treatment center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between July 2006 and January 2007.METHODS:438 patients on regular ART schedules with recent laboratory tests answered a demographic questionnaire, questions about substance use, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ).RESULTS:The prevalence of non-adherence over the past three months (a pattern of treatment interruption) was 46.3%, and 27.2% also reported this in the past week (a pattern of missed doses). ART interruption was significantly related to older age, lower CD4+ cell count and homosexual/bisexual transmission. The pattern of missed doses was significantly related to younger age, higher HDRS scores and higher viral load of RNA HIV.CONCLUSION:ART interruption may reflect recall errors and changes to the Brazilian demographic characteristics of HIV infection. The missed doses may reflect lifestyle characteristics of younger individuals. Attendance for HIV-positive individuals, particularly younger patients, should involve interventions and counseling in relation to the presence of depressive symptoms.

Substance Abuse Among Medical Students – A Survey in a Medical College in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Roshan Kumar Roy ◽  
Deepak Kumar Roy ◽  
Rajeh Kumar Goit
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Substance use among medical students could impact on the conduct, safety and efficiency of future doctors. Despite serious medico legal, ethical and political ramifications, there is paucity of published article on the subject, especially from Nepal. Objective: We aimed to explore the patterns of substance abuse among a sample of Medical students from Nepalgunj Medical College. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of medical students from Nepalgunj Medical College was done using a brief questionnaire schedule to identify current and lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and abuse of other drugs. An operational definition of substance abuse was made, 28 % of students fell within that criterion. Results: Male substance abusers 81% exceeded female abusers 19%. Substances most commonly abused were alcohol 60%, minor tranquilizers 48%, and tobacco 35%, and only 11% abused cannabis. While most students were multidrug users, there was a low frequency of daily drug use. A general lifetime (occasional use) prevalence of substance use of 56% was found. Drugs consumed on a daily basis were alcohol 2% and tobacco 6%. The prevalence of drug use was highest among the fourth and final year students. Conclusion: The majority of students were occasional abusers; there was no evidence of physical dependence. This study provides a snapshot of the problem of substance use among medical students of Nepal. Further research is needed to study nationwide patterns of substance use among medical students, and to identify important determinants and reinforce preventive measures. Strategies need to be developed for supporting students with a substance use problem.

scholarly journals Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Presentation and Short-Term Course of Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudraprosad Chakraborty ◽  
Arunima Chatterjee ◽  
Suprakash Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

The aim of the present study was to compare a cohort of schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (SUD) with a similar cohort of schizophrenia patients without SUD with regard to sociodemographic variables, clinical variables, psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, treatment outcome, and side effect profile of drugs. A total of 143 consecutive inpatients with ICD-10 DCR diagnosis of schizophrenia were included after obtaining informed consent. Patients were evaluated by a semistructured data sheet and Maudsley Addiction Profile. They were then rated by Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at presentation, three weeks, and six weeks. At three weeks and six weeks, they were also evaluated by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. Substance abuse was detected in 63.6% schizophrenia patients. Nicotine was the commonest substance followed by cannabis and alcohol. Substance users had longer untreated illness and more depressive symptoms at presentation and six-week follow-up. Dual diagnosis patients had difficulty in abstraction at three and six weeks but not at presentation. Schizophrenia patients with SUD had more depressive symptoms. SUD appeared to mask abstraction difficulties at presentation. Schizophrenia patients with SUD should be carefully assessed for presence of depression.

scholarly journals Substance abuse in patients admitted voluntarily and involuntarily to acute psychiatric wards: a national cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Opsal ◽  
Øistein Kristensen ◽  
Torleif Ruud ◽  
Tor K. Larsen ◽  
Rolf W. Gråwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Research Network ◽  
National Study ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Psychiatric Wards ◽  
Clinician Rating

<p><strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Substance abuse and mental disorder comorbidity is high among patients admitted to acute psychiatric wards. The aim of the study was to identify this co-occurrence as a reason for involuntary admission and if specific substance use-related diagnoses were associated with such admissions.</p><p><strong><em>Methods</em>:</strong> The study was a part of a multicentre, cross-sectional national study carried out during 2005-2006 within a research network of acute mental health services. Seventy-five percent of Norwegian hospitals providing acute in-patient treatment participated. Substance use was measured using the Clinician Rating Scale and the ICD-10 diagnoses F10-19. Diagnostic assessments were performed by the clinicians during hospital stay.</p><p><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Overall, 33.2% (n=1,187) of the total patient population (3,506) were abusing alcohol or drugs prior to admission according to the Clinician Rating Scale. No difference in the overall prevalence of substance abuserelated diagnoses between the two groups was found. Overall, 310 (26%) of the admissions, 216 voluntarily and 94 involuntarily admitted patients received a double diagnosis. Frequent comorbid combinations among voluntarily admitted patients were; a combination of alcohol and either mood disorder (40%) or multiple mental disorders (29%). Among involuntarily admitted patients, a combination of poly drug use and schizophrenia was most frequent (47%). Substance abusing patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive stimulant substances had a significantly higher risk of involuntary hospitalization (OR 2.3).</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em>:</strong> Nearly one third of substance abusing patients are involuntarily admitted to mental hospitals, in particular stimulant drug use was associated with involuntarily admissions.</p>

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Doctors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Birgunj, Nepal

Med Phoenix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Smita Singh ◽  
Deependra Prasad Sarraf ◽  
Prabin Singh ◽  
Pragati Poudyel
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance helps in the detection and prevention of adverse effects of drugs. For the effectiveness of this program, health care professionals should report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) considering it as their moral and professional obligation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the doctors towards ADRs and pharmacovigilance in  National Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the Narayani zone. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of four parts; first part included a demographic profile of participants, the second part consisted of ten questions for the assessment of the knowledge about pharmacovigilance, third part comprised of six questions on attitude and fourth part consisted of five questions on practice. The results were depicted in the form of percentages for each KAPs questionnaire.   Results: The response rate of participants was 85.16%. Pharmacovigilance was correctly defined by 52%. Department of drug administration was responsible for monitoring ADRs in Nepal was correctly given by 80%. Only 8% had reported ADRs, although 62% had encountered an ADR in their clinical practice. Conclusion: The doctors at NMCTH had a poor KAP towards pharmacovigilance and educational intervention is needed for the proper functioning of this program.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Pressure Ulcer Management among Nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Shrestha ◽  
P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experience Education

Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) development remains a significant complication among at-risk patients. It is considered “never events” because they are preventable and should “never” happen. It has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital cost and length of stay in the hospital. Prevention of pressure ulcers is considered a nurse-sensitive indicator hence nurses should have adequate knowledge about current evidence-based prevention and management of pressure ulcer. However, non adherence to these guidelines is frequent and lack of knowledge may act as barriers to using guidelines in clinical practice.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to 1. assess the knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 2. determine the level of knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 3. assess the association of knowledge of nurses and baseline variables.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, using pretested self administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge on pressure ulcer management among purposively selected 100 nurses working in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital in 2015. Descriptive statistics as frequency and percentage were used and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) was done to find out association between knowledge and selected baseline variables.Results: The study revealed that 59% of the respondents had adequate knowledge where as 41% of nurse’s knowledge was found to be inadequate. Significant association was not found between age, working ward, experience, education, training, duration and knowledge of pressure ulcer management among Nurses.Conclusion: This result indicates that more than half of the nurses had the adequate knowledge but there is still need of education and training related pressure ulcer management.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 47-51

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Amongst Surgical Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Xia Ren ◽  
De-Cun Zhou ◽  
Yin-Guang Fan ◽  
Bao-Zhu Li ◽  
Wan-Fei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Surgical Nurses

Abstract BackgroundThe outbreak of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed an enormous physical and psychological pressure on people across the world. This study focused on evaluating the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in surgical nurses during the epidemic in China. MethodA cross-sectional, multicenter quantitative study was conducted in Anhui province (China) from March 3, 2020 to March 19, 2020, with a questionnaire package which consisted of general information questionnaire，Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung's self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and social support rating scale (SSRS). A total of 3600 surgical nurses participated in the survey by Wechat and QQ. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression models. ResultsA total of 3492 surgical nurses from 12tertiary hospitals and 12 secondary hospitals in one province of mainland China completed the survey. The prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were 24.83% and 22.39%, respectively. The average level of anxiety and depression of surgical nurses were higher than that of the Chinese norm (P< 0.05).Levels of social support for surgical nurses were significantly negatively associated with the degree of anxiety (r = -0.630, P < 0.001) and depression (r = -0.578, P < 0.001). Fertility status (β = 1.469, P = 0.003), hospital (β = -0.611, P < 0.001), participation in care for COVID-19 patients (β = 2.229, P < 0.001), likelihood of being infected with COVID-19 (β = 1.146, P < 0.001), social support (β = -0.623, P < 0.001) were significantly influencing surgical nurses’ anxiety degree. Similarly, these characteristics were significantly associated with the odds of experiencing depression symptoms in surgical nurses. Divorce and widowed surgical nurses (β = -2.654, P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms than single nurses. ConclusionIn this survey, we found that the surgical nurses had high anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The findings suggest that targeted psychological interventions to promote the mental health of surgical nurses with psychological problems need to be immediately implemented.

scholarly journals Maternal Attitude and Knowledge towards Modes of Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Anshumala Joshi ◽  
Meeta Thapa ◽  
Om Biju Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acceptable Method

Background: Whether a mother should be allowed to choose between the modes of delivery is a matter of concern among practicing obstetricians. This study aims to explore the knowledge of the Nepalese women attending a tertiary care center about the benefits and complications of vaginal and caesarean delivery and their attitude and preference for the method of delivery.Methods: The study was a hospital based cross sectional questionnaire survey conducted in Nepal Medical College teaching Hospital, Jorpati from 1stShrawan 2074 to 31st Ashoj 2074. All pregnant women who were 36 weeks or more in gestation attending the clinic during the study period were included in the study. A questionnaire was made of 10 questions for knowledge assessment regarding mode of delivery consisting of the indications, the possible complications and advantages of vaginal and caesarean delivery. Results: A total of 256 pregnant women participated in the study. The knowledge of the mode of delivery, their benefit and complications was medium to good in approximately 90% of the mothers attending the antenatal OPD. Overall attitude for vaginal delivery was positive in 93% of women and negative or neutral in 6.6%.Overall attitude for caesarean delivery was positive in 24% and negative or neutral in 75.8%.Conclusions: Women in our setup agree that vaginal delivery is a natural and acceptable method of delivery and would prefer to have a vaginal delivery. Keywords: Attitude; knowledge; modes of delivery; women.

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