Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children of Bhaktapur and Kathmandu

Background: World Health Organization defines childhood obesity as “one of the most serious public health challenges”. Low income countries like Nepal experience a burden of infectious diseases as well as rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases frequently associated with obesity. There is paucity of information on childhood obesity in Nepal. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in school going children and find its association with blood pressure.Methodology: A school based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 509 children aged between 10-16 years, studying in grade 5-10 of private schools in Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken using standard protocol. Obesity was assessed using Body Mass Index criteria.Results: The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight in children were found to be 1.6% and 6.1% respectively. This study also showed that prevalence of obesity in children from Kathmandu is comparatively more, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). A highly significant relationship was observed for diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (p<0.001) between the two groups.Conclusion: This study concludes that obesity though small in percentage, was found in rising trend when compared with previous data. Also, there was strong association with blood pressure, so timely identification and control of obesity is required for prevention of development of other cardiovascular comorbidities.

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To Determine the Prevalence of Obesity in Breast Cancer Patients

Liaquat National Journal of Cancer Care ◽

10.37184/lnjcc.2789-0112.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Breast Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Pakistan alone has the highest rate of Breast Cancer than any other Asian country as approximately 90000 new cases are diagnosed every year out of which 40000 dies. Obesity is also a critical public health problem growing with every passing year in Pakistan and worldwide. Research studies are being conducted worldwide regarding the relation between the two problems. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in breast cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: BMI is used as a screening tool for overweight and obesity. According to World Health Organization, a body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. A retrospective analysis of 262 patients diagnosed with Breast Cancer during 2019 and 2020 was performed. Patients’ hospital records in Oncology were reviewed. The weight in kilograms and height in centimeters of patients were reviewed. Their BMI was calculated and recorded using the SPSS system. Results: The median BMI was 28.25 kg/m2 with an interquartile range of 25.15 - 31.99 kg/m2. Nearly 80% of the study participants had body mass index higher than normal levels (n=203, 77.5%) and out of them approximately half were overweight (n=104, 51.2%) and the remaining were obese (n=99, 48.7%). Conclusion: We conclude from our study that body mass index is positively correlated with breast cancer occurrence and thus the proportion of females having BMI >= 25 was significantly higher among patients.

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Association Between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Among Medical Students of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Birgunj

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v6i2.40354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1535-1539

Author(s):

Esha Shrestha ◽

Shreesh Shrestha ◽

Prashanna Shrestha ◽

Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Medical Students ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Mean Value ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: Body mass index is an important parameter associated with a variety of disease processes. The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increases with an increase in body mass index. The study was conducted to compare the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and correlate the Obesity and Hypertension in medical students Methodology: The study was conducted in 200 students (113 males and 87 females). Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded from all participants and body mass index was calculated. The recorded body mass index was utilized to divide the student into underweight, normal, over weight and obese category according to the World Health organization body mass index classification. Hypertension was determined from the measure of blood pressure. Then comparison of blood pressure with body mass index was made. Results: Among 200 students 6% were obese, 22% were overweight, 65% were normal and 7% underweight. The mean height was 163cm and mean weight 60.48kg. The mean value of systolic blood pressure (105.85, 115.45, 134.95, 137.16 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (70.14, 76.15, 90.72, 93.33 mmHg) increased with increasing body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increases the risk of hypertension among students.

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Sex-Dependent Dyslipidemia and Neuro-Humoral Alterations Leading to Further Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.613301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Estefania Simoes ◽

Joanna Correia-Lima ◽

Elie Leal de Barros Calfat ◽

Thais Zélia dos Santos Otani ◽

Daniel Augusto Correa Vasques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Body Mass ◽

World Health ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Male Patients ◽

Juvenile Obesity ◽

Lipids Metabolism ◽

Health Organization

Objective: Childhood obesity is a growing concern as the World Health Organization (WHO) states that ~10% of adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese. This condition is the reflex of energy imbalance between the calories consumed and those expended. Sex-related responses associated with dyslipidemia, hormonal alterations, and neuro-humoral disruptions in childhood obesity are the focus of the present investigation.Methods: Ninety-two Brazilian adolescents were enrolled and divided between obese and eutrophic groups. Obesity was assessed using body mass index Z-score according to age and weight. Anthropometrical analyses, blood pressure, blood lipids, metabolism-regulating hormones, and neuropeptides were carried out.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in female and male patients with obesity. Obese females presented alterations in lipid profile and an augment of cardiovascular disease prediction ratios TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and VLDL/HDL. The levels of leptin, GIP, and neuropeptide showed sex-dimorphism in obesity. The obese adolescents presented increased levels of circulating insulin, c-peptide, amylin, glucagon, and GLP-1. Correlation analysis showed significant linearity between body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, hormones, and neuropeptides content.Conclusions: Our data support an existing link associating hypertension, dyslipidemia, and neuro-hormonal imbalance in childhood obesity. We also described a sex-dependent pattern in childhood obesity-associated dyslipidemia and blood pressure in female patients with obesity solely.

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Prevalence and Psychosocial Determinants of Body Mass Index in Adult Population within a National Community Sample

International Journal of Social Science and Human Research ◽

10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i9-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (09) ◽

Author(s):

Zeynep Gamze Kalkanlı ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Well Being ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Obesity And Overweight

Studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Economic Development and Cooperation Organization (OECD) has shown that the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a serious health problem. The Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a commonly used height-weight index to classify overweight and obesity, is calculated by dividing body weight by the square of height (kg/m²). Psychological factors and sociodemographic characteristics are supposed to affect BMI under current living conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between BMI, used in the classification of obesity, sociodemographic characteristics, and various psychological factors in adult. A total of 5,902 individuals (aged 39 and over) completed Sociodemographic Information Form, Body Mass Index Evaluation Form, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, Brief Symptom Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Personal Well-Being Index-Adult Form. Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, obesity and overweight were associated with educational status, number of cigarettes, number of children, negative self in both genders. Obesity and overweight were also associated withpsychiatric distress, alexithymia, and avoidant attachment scores in men. Obesity and overweight were associatedalso with alcohol use, somatization, and positive affect score in women. The results of the study reveal the importance of understanding the factors affecting obesity and addresses the problems in a multidimensional way. However, more studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with obesity in Turkey.

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Body Mass Index Trends Among Adult U.S. Special Olympians, 2005–2010

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.30.4.373 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 373-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

John T. Foley ◽

Meghann Lloyd ◽

Viviene A. Temple

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Special Olympics ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

The Social ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Biological Determinants ◽

Social Environmental

This study examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) among United States adults with intellectual disability (ID) participating in Special Olympics from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the prevalence of obesity was compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) statistics. After data cleaning, 6,004 height and weight records (male = 57%) were available from the Special Olympics International Healthy Athletes Health Promotion database for the calculation of BMI. Rates of overweight and obesity were very high but generally stable over time. Compared with NHANES statistics, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher for Special Olympics female participants in each data collection cycle. Integrated efforts to understand the social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants of obesity and among Special Olympics participants are needed.

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Analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) Trends Among a Pediatric Dental Patient Population: A Pilot Study. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tengfei Su ◽

Mac Jackson ◽

Keaton Sacry ◽

Karl Kingsley MPH

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Low Income ◽

Patient Population ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Dental School ◽

Care Providers ◽

Over Time

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, a growing trend of overweight and obesity has emerged among the pediatric population. This is a cause of significant concern as these are significantly correlated to other negative oral and systemic health outcomes over time. Although measurement of body mass index (BMI) is common among pediatric physicians and primary care providers, few studies have explored the feasibility of BMI measurement and analysis from pediatric dental providers. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to compile and analyze pediatric BMI measurements taken from a pediatric dental school patient population. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of previously collected data of pediatric patients between 2012 and 2019 (N=451), which was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Descriptive statistics and trend analysis were compiled to determine the trends in pediatric BMI over time. RESULTS Nearly equal percentages of females and males were represented in the study (P=0.432), with the overwhelming majority identified as racial/ethnic minorities (84.5%), P=0.0075. These data revealed that pediatric BMI increased significantly from 25.6 in 2012 to 31.3 in 2018 (22.1%), P=0.031. No significant differences between males and females were observed (P=0.4824) or between minority and non-minority patients (P=0.8288). CONCLUSIONS This study provides significant novel temporal information regarding pediatric BMI among this low-income, minority patient population and highlights the need for expanding the dental school (and pediatric dental residency) curriculum to include more topics related to measuring and tracking overweight and obese children and the most appropriate methods for use in the pediatric dental office.

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Orthopedic Problems in Overweight and Obese Children

Integrative Pediatrics and Child Care ◽

10.18314/ipcc.v1i1.1102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 05-07

Author(s):

GL Di Gennaro

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Body Mass ◽

The United States ◽

Obese Children ◽

The World ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Artery Disease

According to the data published by Haslam and James, about 10% of the world populations aged up to 18 areoverweight or obese [1]. In Europe, there are about 20% children with excessive body mass, 5% of whom sufferfrom obesity [2,3]. Childhood obesity is an ongoing epidemic in the United States [4,5]. The most recent data fromthe US indicate that 16.9% of children and adolescents are obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) for age >95thpercentile [6,7] and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity among children will reach 30% by 2030 [8].Childhood obesity is a risk factor for greater morbidity later in life, including diabetes, coronary artery disease andincreased mortality [4,5,9,10].

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Percentile Charts for Body Mass Index of Indian Down Syndrome Children

Journal of Pediatric Genetics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1724115 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harvinder Kaur ◽

Anil Kumar Bhalla ◽

Inusha Panigrahi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Growth Charts ◽

Indian Children ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

AbstractGrowth charts are used to detect growth impairment, overweight, and obesity among Down syndrome (DS) children belonging to different population groups. Due to nonavailability of similar information, age, and gender specific body mass index (BMI) charts for DS children of Indian origin, based on serial data, have been developed. A total of 752 boys and 373 girls diagnosed as cases of DS at <1 month to 10 years of age enrolled from the “genetic clinic” were followed up in the “growth clinic/growth laboratory” of the institute, following a mixed-longitudinal growth research design. BMI was calculated from body weight and length/height measured at 6-month-age intervals by using standardized techniques and instruments. Age and sex-specific percentile growth charts for BMI were generated for age range <1 month to 10 years by using the LMS method. DS children remained wasted (BMI <3rd percentile) up to 6 months of age; thereafter, BMI increased to exhibit close similarity with their normal Multicentre Growth Reference Study (World Health Organization 2006) and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (2015) counterparts up to 5 to 10 years, respectively. The percentage of obese DS girls (8.76%) outnumbered boys with DS (4.1%). The use of age and gender specific BMI growth charts may be made for comparative purpose, to assess nutritional status of Indian children with DS, to initiate suitable need-based intervention to improve their overall health and for timely institution of target interventions to prevent growth faltering in this vulnerable population.

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Performance of newly developed body mass index cut-off for diagnosing obesity among Ethiopian adults

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ◽

10.1186/s40101-019-0205-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Makeda Sinaga ◽

Tilahun Yemane ◽

Elsah Tegene ◽

David Lidstrom ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

World Health ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Substantial Agreement ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Obesity is defined as unhealthy excess body fat, which increases the risk of premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases. Early screening and prevention of obesity is critical for averting associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. Ethiopia has been using the international (WHO’s) BMI cut-off for diagnosing obesity even though its validity among Ethiopian population was questioned. To address this problem, a new body mass index cut-off was developed for Ethiopian adults using population-specific data. However, its performance in diagnosing obesity has not been validated. Therefore, this study determined the performance of the newly developed Ethiopian and World Health Organization (WHO) BMI cut-offs in detecting obesity among Ethiopian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 704 employees of Jimma University from February to April 2015. The study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique based on their payroll. Data on sociodemographic variables were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters including body weight and height were measured according to WHO recommendation. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using the air displacement plethysmography (ADP) after calibration of the machine. The diagnostic accuracy of the WHO BMI cut-off (≥ 30 kg/m2) for obesity in both sexes and Ethiopian BMI cut-off (> 22.2 kg/m2 for males and > 24.5 kg/m2 for females) were compared to obesity diagnosed using ADP measured body fat percentage (> 35% for females and > 25% for males). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and kappa agreements were determined to validate the performance of the BMI cut-offs. Results In males, WHO BMI cut-off has a sensitivity of 5.3% and specificity of 99.4% (Kappa = 0.047) indicating a slight agreement. However, the Ethiopian cut-off showed a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 87.7% (Kappa = 0.752) indicating a substantial agreement. Similarly, in females, the WHO BMI cut-off showed a sensitivity of 46.9%, while its specificity was 100% (Kappa = 0.219) showing a fair agreement. The Ethiopian BMI cut-off demonstrated a sensitivity 80.0% and a specificity 95.6% (Kappa = 0.701) showing a substantial agreement. The WHO BMI cut-off underestimated the prevalence of obesity by a maximum of 73.7% and by a minimum of 28.3% among males, while the values for underestimation ranged from 31.4–54.1% in females. The misclassification was minimal using the newly developed Ethiopian BMI cut-off. The prevalence of obesity was underestimated by a maximum of 9.2% and overestimated by a maximum of 6.2%. The WHO BMI cut-off failed to identify nearly half (46.6%) of Ethiopian adults who met the criteria for obesity using BF% in the overall sample. Conclusions The findings suggest that WHO BMI cut-off (≥ 30 kg/m2) is not appropriate for screening obesity among Ethiopian adults. The newly developed Ethiopian BMI cut-off showed a better performance with excellent sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement indicating the diagnostic significance of it use as a simple, cost-effective, and valid indicator in clinical and community setups.

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