scholarly journals Prospects of groundwater quality for irrigation in central tracts of Lalitpur region, Uttar Pradesh, India

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Haldar ◽  
P. Dev
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Well Waters

The quality of selected bored well and dug well waters from the central tracts of the Lalitpur region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated for irrigation purposes.  The study area is situated within the latitudes 24° 35' N and 24° 43' N, and the longitudes 78° 20' 41" E and 78° 30' E in the basin of the Shahzad River, which is a tributary of the Betwa River. Granites and gneisses of Archaean age are exposed in various parts of the area. The selected groundwater samples were analysed for major cations, anions, trace elements, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (Pl), and sodium per cent (SP). The analysed data were plotted on Wilcox and U.S. salinity diagrams to evaluate chemical quality of groundwater for irrigation. The SAR values (ranging from 0.47 to 79) are within the permissible limits. A majority of samples (i.e., 57.5%) belong to C3-S, class whereas remaining samples (42.5%) fall in C2-S1 class. Plots of SP against EC indicate that a large number of samples (67.5%) fall within Excellent to Good type of water whereas remaining samples lie within Good to Permissible type. Hence the water can be used for all types of crop on soils of medium to high permeability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Agra District for the Irrigation Purpose

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Gopal Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater quality of Agra district has been assessed considering twelve water quality parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Clˉ), bicarbonate (HCO3ˉ), sulfate (SO4²ˉ), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) and sodium (Na⁺). Data on groundwater quality of fifteen blocks of the Agra district were collected for nine years (2006-2014) from the Ground Water Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh. The data are investigated using Wilcox and Piper diagrams with the help of Aquachem 2011.1 software. The assessment on suitability of groundwater quality for the irrigation purpose is done using sodium percentage (Na%), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) for all the blocks. The results show that groundwater of various blocks of Agra district is of Na⁺- Clˉ, Ca2⁺- Na⁺- HCO3ˉ, Ca²+ - Mg²+ - Clˉ, Ca²+ - HCO3ˉ, Ca²+ - Clˉ, Na⁺- CIˉ, Ca²+ - Mg²+ - Clˉ - SO4²ˉ and Ca²+ - Na+ - HCO3ˉ type. It is also found that the groundwater quality of the blocks Barauli Ahir, Fatehapur Sikari, Saiyan, Achhnera, Shamsabad, Khandouli, Pinahat, Jaitpur Kalan and Bah falls under very good to medium category and can be used for the irrigation purpose. However, the groundwater quality for the blocks Bichpuri, Akola, Fatehabad, Khairagarh, Etmadpur and Jagner falls under Medium to very bad category and hence cannot be used for the irrigation purpose. The outcome of the study would be helpful to the farmers, policy makers and water management authorities in planning and management of irrigation water.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY APPRAISAL IN OKITIPUPA AND ENVIRONS, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo ◽  
Victor Akinboboye
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Facies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

The objectives of study was to determine hydrochemistry of groundwater in Okitipupa and environs to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation. A total of 27 groundwater samples were collected randomly from different sources and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of K>Na>Ca>Mg and SO4>Cl >HCO3>NO3. The hydrogeochemical facies indicate three dominant facies: non-carbonate hardness exceeds 50 %; non-carbonate alkali exceeds 50 %; and transition zone with no one cation-anion pair exceeds 50 %, while precipitation is the dominant process in the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater samples. The WQI calculated exhibits good (60 %) and poor (40 %) quality water for drinking and domestic purposes. For irrigation assessment, residual sodium carbonate values revealed good irrigation, permeability index values indicates suitable and marginal class, sodium absorption ratio, Kelly ratio, and %Na indicate good irrigation water. The processes controlling the groundwater chemistry are mixing of saline with fresh water and anthropogenic contamination; weathering and cation exchange; mineral precipitation/anthropogenic pollution; and groundwater dilution and mineral dissolution. Consequently the water is fairly suitable for drinking/domestic, and good for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Parts of Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sanober Rafi ◽  
Owais Niaz ◽  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Umair Majeed ◽  
Humaira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Local Geology

This study is aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality of Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Liaquatabad towns inKarachi. Thirty (n=30) groundwater samples were randomly collected from different locations by electrically pumpedwells at various depths (14-91m). All the water samples were analyzed to determine their suitability for drinkingpurpose based on various physicochemical parameters. Data reveal that high concentration of TDS and hardness havedeteriorated the groundwater quality of study area. The main phenomenon responsible for groundwater pollution is theseawater intrusion due to the proximity of study area to the Arabian sea. Large scale unplanned urbanization, poorwaste management and other anthropogenic activities have also triggered the deterioration of groundwater quality.Study showed that local geology plays vital role in the distribution of major cations and anions. Data suggested thatground water of this study area is highly contaminated by seawater intrusion and considered not fit for drinkingpurpose.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER DEGRADATION AT THE EASTERN NESTOS RIVER DELTA, N.E. GREECE.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
I. Gkiougkis ◽  
G. Mwila ◽  
F. Pliakas ◽  
A. Kallioras ◽  
I. Diamantis
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Nestos River ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Field Works

This paper deals with the hydrogeological study of the evolution of groundwater salinisation - degradation at the eastern Nestos River Delta. Relevant field works including in-situ measurements of groundwater level, pH, Specific Electrical Conductivity (SEC) and temperature took place in the years 2008 and 2009. Groundwater samples were also collected for chemical analysis at the Engineering Geology Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering of D.U.Th. (July of 2009). Important conclusions regarding the progress of the groundwater degradation at the study area were drawn based on the analysis of all the available data and the elaboration of the designed piezometric maps and the various maps showing the distribution of SEC, Chloride, SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio) and Revelle coefficient values. Some managerial suggestions for the confrontation of the seawater intrusion regime of the study area are also included.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Underground Wells in Limoeiro do Norte, Brazilian Northeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Luma Lorena L. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Eulene F. Silva ◽  
Milene L. Farias ◽  
Antônio M. Pinheiro ◽  
Renner B. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

The objective of this work was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as the potential of salinization and sodification of groundwater wells in Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará states, Brazil. Six water wells were selected for the study, all of them used for irrigation and human consumption. The ionic classification was performed by Piper Diagram and the salinity risk using the U.S.S.L. (United States Salinity Laboratory) Diagram using Qualigraf software. Based on the average chemical element concentration (mmolc L-1) in the groundwater, the following quantification is obtained: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations. For anions there was a change in the the wells, for the 1, 3 and 4 Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- and wells 2, 5 and 6 HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > CO32-. The wells 1, 2 and 3 have severe restrictions for use by SAR (sodium absorption ratio) and Na+ content. Water from wells 1, 3 and 5 were classified as sodium chloride, 2 and 6 were classified as sodium bicarbonate and well 4 as calcium magnesium sulfate. With the exception of well 6 classified as freshwater, all other wells were classified as brackish water. Groundwater samples fall in C3S1 or C3S2 category with high salinity and low or medium sodium hazard. With the exception of Na+, whose value was above the limit allowed, no well with groundwater was detected chemical hazard for human consumption. There was the detection of Total coliforms, but in well 5 the presence of Thermotolerant coliforms was detected.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality for Irrigation Purpose: A Case Study of Bassi and Chaksu Tehsils, Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Lal Meena ◽  
Priyanka Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Absorption Ratio ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Quality of Groundwater has assessed for irrigation purpose to get the suitability of water. Water samples has analysed by employing different parameters: Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s Ratio, Potential Salinity and Corrosive Ratio. Suitability of Water for irrigation has presented by the diagram based on the combination of Electrical Conductivity and Sodium Absorption Ratio suggested by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Livelihood of the study area depends on the Agriculture and allied activities so it becomes more important to analyse the quality of water for irrigation.Keywords: Irrigation, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Kelly’s Ratio, Soluble Sodium Percentage.

Hydrogeochemistry of Urban Wetlands of Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Joshi ◽  
Neelam Siva Siddaiah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Urban Wetlands ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio

<p>Delhi, India’s capital is the second largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is expected to surpass Tokyo to become world’s largest city by 2028 with ~37 million inhabitants (UNDESA, 2018). This rapid growth is characterized by unsystematic urbanization, rapid shifts in its landuse patterns and tremendous pressure on the city’s natural resources. Among other forms of resource degradation, rapidly shrinking and stinking wetlands are of primary concern. Thus evidence-based policy making for their sustainable development and conservation require regular reporting and monitoring of their status.<br>Present study compares the hydrochemistry of two urban wetlands of Delhi (Sanjay lake and Bhalswa lake) having some crucial differences in their nature and catchment area activities. Surface water quality of these wetlands was studied for winter and summer with respect to their physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity and hardness) including major ions and trace metals employing standard analytical methods (APHA, 2005). Waters from both the wetlands are alkaline in nature. While pH of Sanjay lake shows a greater variation (7.9 to 10.8), that of Bhalswa lake is fairly constant (8.4 to 8.7), across the seasons. The wetland waters also vary seasonally in their chemistry. Differences in the nature and associated landuse of the wetlands is reflected in their water quality. Hydrogeochemistry of these wetlands were determined by Piper plot and Gibb’s diagram. While water from both the wetlands are Na<sup>+</sup>- SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> type during summer, water from Bhalswa lake is Na<sup>+</sup>- SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> type and that from Sanjay lake is Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Mg<sup>2+</sup>- SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> type during winter. While water from Bhalswa lake shows an evaporation dominance regime, that from Sanjay lake show dominance of rock-water interaction. Water from both the wetlands are generally unsuitable for drinking purpose. While water from Bhalswa lake is unsuitable for irrigation as well, water from Sanjay lake is generally suitable as determined using various indices (% Na, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Absorption Ratio, etc.). Both the drinking and irrigational water quality of these wetlands deteriorate during summer. Factor analysis was also used to determine sources of pollution for the two wetlands during both winter and summer. Domestic sewage is observed to be a major source of pollution for both the wetlands. Thus, this study indicates that urban wetlands of Delhi are fast depleting in their health. In light of their importance as a significant urban water resource, a crucial ecological niche and an essential recreational spot for urban areas, there is an urgent need for positive interventions.</p>

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis of the quality of water from Lake Bosomtwe for agricultural and human consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-719
Author(s):  
Gordon Amankwaa ◽  
Xifeng Yin ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Weihong Huang ◽  
Yunfei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Lake Bosomtwe

Abstract One of the six major meteoric lakes in the world, Lake Bosomtwe, is of great ecological significance for Ghanaians and the scientific community, most importantly for agricultural and human consumption. Water samples (n = 30) were collected to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of the lake. Statistical methods including correlation, principal component, cluster analysis, Gibbs ratio, and the Piper–Trilinear diagram were used to analyze parameters. The Water Quality Index revealed that the lake water is not suitable for human consumption because measured pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, color, and bicarbonate exceeded their respective thresholds on all occasions. The calculated sodium absorption ratio (13.7–14.8) and soluble sodium percentage (94.43–95.43%) showed that the lake is not appropriate for irrigation as they exceeded their respective limit of 2 and 60%. The Gibbs ratio revealed that rock–water interaction is the underlying mechanism for water evolution. The Piper–Trilinear diagram revealed that alkalies earth and weak acids dominate the water chemistry of the lake. The dominant cation is sodium (82.22%), while the dominant anion is bicarbonate (79.39%). Five monitoring stations were identified, and the water quality was influenced by diverse anthropogenic and natural sources. The findings will provide a reference for policymakers and decision-makers at Lake Bosomtwe.

scholarly journals Tekirdağ İli Yeraltı Suları Kalitesinin Sulama Suyu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398
Author(s):  
Ülviye Çebi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Well Waters

This study includes some deep underground well waters opened to supply the irrigation water in Tekirdağ province. The sampling was done from 22 wells in the irrigation season period. The parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, HCO3, B, NO3-N, Sodium Absorption Ratio and Residual Sodium Carbonate parameters, which were significant in terms of irrigation water classification, were examined in the samplings. According to the results, it was determined that thirteen well waters were in medium salty and eight well waters were in high salty water classes. Besides, Na and HCO3 harms were determined in five and three well waters, respectively. In seven well waters, it was concluded that RCE values were over 2,5 me L-1 and these water were not suitable in the usage of irrigation. As a result of the evaluations in terms of the specific ions, it was determined that CL, B and NO3-N concentrations which were found in three, two and one wells respectively, could create damages in some crops. As a result of the evaluations in terms of salinity and SAR parameters, it was concluded that the usage of T5, T6, T8, T10, T13 and T14 well waters was undesirable and the usage of T9, T11, T12, T16, T17 and T21 well waters can be suggested by the provision of some special conditions (appropriate drainage conditions, appropriate plant selection, coarse textured soils).

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quality of different micro-basins of Bangladesh 2 using hydrochemical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hossain Ali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Irrigation Quality ◽  
Removal System

On the basis of groundwater chemistry, an evaluation of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes  was carried out for different regions of Bangladesh. Using the chemical compositions and different quality parameters, irrigation quality was assed using 6 different techniques: USDA method, FAO guidelines, Water-Types approach, Combined approach proposed by Al-Bassam et al. (2003), Ali (2010), and GOB (2007) guidelines. Drinking quality was judged by WHO (2011) provisional guidelines and GOB guidelines. Concentrations of major cations and anions of most groundwater samples were within allowable limit. Except one location (i.e. Barisal), the water for irrigation purpose are suitable to 19 marginally suitable considering salinity and sodicity. For drinking purpose, all except 2 locations (i.e. 20 Sunamgonj and Barisal, where iron is a concern) are found suitable. At these locations, other aquifer layer 21 with low Fe can be searched for safer Fe level. Alternatively, Fe removal system can be assembled for 22 collecting drinking water.Keywords: Groundwater, Hydrochemistry, Quality parameters, Integrated quality assessment, Bangladesh

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