scholarly journals HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER DEGRADATION AT THE EASTERN NESTOS RIVER DELTA, N.E. GREECE.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
I. Gkiougkis ◽  
G. Mwila ◽  
F. Pliakas ◽  
A. Kallioras ◽  
I. Diamantis
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Nestos River ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Field Works

This paper deals with the hydrogeological study of the evolution of groundwater salinisation - degradation at the eastern Nestos River Delta. Relevant field works including in-situ measurements of groundwater level, pH, Specific Electrical Conductivity (SEC) and temperature took place in the years 2008 and 2009. Groundwater samples were also collected for chemical analysis at the Engineering Geology Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering of D.U.Th. (July of 2009). Important conclusions regarding the progress of the groundwater degradation at the study area were drawn based on the analysis of all the available data and the elaboration of the designed piezometric maps and the various maps showing the distribution of SEC, Chloride, SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio) and Revelle coefficient values. Some managerial suggestions for the confrontation of the seawater intrusion regime of the study area are also included.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Underground Wells in Limoeiro do Norte, Brazilian Northeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Luma Lorena L. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Eulene F. Silva ◽  
Milene L. Farias ◽  
Antônio M. Pinheiro ◽  
Renner B. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

The objective of this work was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as the potential of salinization and sodification of groundwater wells in Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará states, Brazil. Six water wells were selected for the study, all of them used for irrigation and human consumption. The ionic classification was performed by Piper Diagram and the salinity risk using the U.S.S.L. (United States Salinity Laboratory) Diagram using Qualigraf software. Based on the average chemical element concentration (mmolc L-1) in the groundwater, the following quantification is obtained: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations. For anions there was a change in the the wells, for the 1, 3 and 4 Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- and wells 2, 5 and 6 HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > CO32-. The wells 1, 2 and 3 have severe restrictions for use by SAR (sodium absorption ratio) and Na+ content. Water from wells 1, 3 and 5 were classified as sodium chloride, 2 and 6 were classified as sodium bicarbonate and well 4 as calcium magnesium sulfate. With the exception of well 6 classified as freshwater, all other wells were classified as brackish water. Groundwater samples fall in C3S1 or C3S2 category with high salinity and low or medium sodium hazard. With the exception of Na+, whose value was above the limit allowed, no well with groundwater was detected chemical hazard for human consumption. There was the detection of Total coliforms, but in well 5 the presence of Thermotolerant coliforms was detected.

scholarly journals Prospects of groundwater quality for irrigation in central tracts of Lalitpur region, Uttar Pradesh, India

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Haldar ◽  
P. Dev
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Well Waters

The quality of selected bored well and dug well waters from the central tracts of the Lalitpur region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated for irrigation purposes.  The study area is situated within the latitudes 24° 35' N and 24° 43' N, and the longitudes 78° 20' 41" E and 78° 30' E in the basin of the Shahzad River, which is a tributary of the Betwa River. Granites and gneisses of Archaean age are exposed in various parts of the area. The selected groundwater samples were analysed for major cations, anions, trace elements, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (Pl), and sodium per cent (SP). The analysed data were plotted on Wilcox and U.S. salinity diagrams to evaluate chemical quality of groundwater for irrigation. The SAR values (ranging from 0.47 to 79) are within the permissible limits. A majority of samples (i.e., 57.5%) belong to C3-S, class whereas remaining samples (42.5%) fall in C2-S1 class. Plots of SP against EC indicate that a large number of samples (67.5%) fall within Excellent to Good type of water whereas remaining samples lie within Good to Permissible type. Hence the water can be used for all types of crop on soils of medium to high permeability.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY APPRAISAL IN OKITIPUPA AND ENVIRONS, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo ◽  
Victor Akinboboye
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Facies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

The objectives of study was to determine hydrochemistry of groundwater in Okitipupa and environs to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation. A total of 27 groundwater samples were collected randomly from different sources and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of K>Na>Ca>Mg and SO4>Cl >HCO3>NO3. The hydrogeochemical facies indicate three dominant facies: non-carbonate hardness exceeds 50 %; non-carbonate alkali exceeds 50 %; and transition zone with no one cation-anion pair exceeds 50 %, while precipitation is the dominant process in the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater samples. The WQI calculated exhibits good (60 %) and poor (40 %) quality water for drinking and domestic purposes. For irrigation assessment, residual sodium carbonate values revealed good irrigation, permeability index values indicates suitable and marginal class, sodium absorption ratio, Kelly ratio, and %Na indicate good irrigation water. The processes controlling the groundwater chemistry are mixing of saline with fresh water and anthropogenic contamination; weathering and cation exchange; mineral precipitation/anthropogenic pollution; and groundwater dilution and mineral dissolution. Consequently the water is fairly suitable for drinking/domestic, and good for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Geo-Temporal Signatures of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Khulais Region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yawar Ali Khan ◽  
Mohamed El Kashouty ◽  
Waleed Gusti ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Ali Mohammad Subyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
High Concentrations

Seawater has intruded into many of Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastal aquifers, with varying degrees of extension depending on location, hydrogeology, and population density. This study aimed to evaluate and comprehend the processes that influence the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer in Saudi Arabia’s Khulais region. Groundwater samples were taken from nineteen locations during the winter and summer of 2021, and data from major ions and trace elements were examined and interpreted using ArcGIS software. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranged between 480 and 15,236 mg/L and 887–18,620 mg/L in winter and summer, respectively. Groundwater TDS concentration was observed to be influenced by groundwater flow, lithogenic, anthropogenic, and seawater intrusion in this study (2021) when compared to 2016. The concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and strontium (Sr) in most samples exceeds the drinking guidelines. The occurrence of high concentrations of bromide (Br), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe) (winter and summer) and Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) (winter) was also exhibited and observed up to more than drinking and irrigation limits. The central part of the study area was affected by seawater intrusion. The hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil was measured, and it ranged from 0.24 to 29.3 m/day. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio, most aquifer samples were unsuitable for irrigation (SAR).

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of groundwater in parts of Irun Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Kehinde Ibrahim Adebayo ◽  
Victor Etim Nyong ◽  
Oluwaseye Peter Amah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Ten groundwater samples from hand dug wells were collected at Irun Akoko within the basement complex of part of southwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The groundwater samples were analysed for some physical and chemical constituents including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4, PO4 and NO3. The pH (7.0 – 7.9) and TDS (12.26 – 19.35 mg/l) of the groundwater indicate that the water is neutral to slightly alkaline and fresh respectively. The order of relative abundance for concentration of cations in the groundwater is K>Ca>Na>Mg, while that of anions is Cl>SO4>NO3>PO4. The concentrations of potassium in about 90% and chloride in about 40 % of the samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Other hydro-geochemical parameters Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, PO4 and NO3 falls within the WHO standards. Values of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) classified the water as excellent for irrigation purposes. The Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) values classified eighty percent of the water to be of good quality and the remaining samples as fair for irrigation purposes. However, using the Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (55.0 – 68.9 %) the samples may have hazardous effects on the soil. Generally, groundwater in the study area is suitable for both domestic and irrigation uses.

scholarly journals Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsiddig Eldaw ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

scholarly journals Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry for Surface Deformation Monitoring in Low-Land Permafrost Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazio Strozzi ◽  
Sofia Antonova ◽  
Frank Günther ◽  
Eva Mätzler ◽  
Gonçalo Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Lena River Delta

Low-land permafrost areas are subject to intense freeze-thaw cycles and characterized by remarkable surface displacement. We used Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry (InSAR) in order to analyse the summer surface displacement over four spots in the Arctic and Antarctica since 2015. Choosing floodplain or outcrop areas as the reference for the InSAR relative deformation measurements, we found maximum subsidence of about 3 to 10 cm during the thawing season with generally high spatial variability. Sentinel-1 time-series of interferograms with 6–12 day time intervals highlight that subsidence is often occurring rather quickly within roughly one month in early summer. Intercomparison of summer subsidence from Sentinel-1 in 2017 with TerraSAR-X in 2013 over part of the Lena River Delta (Russia) shows a high spatial agreement between both SAR systems. A comparison with in-situ measurements for the summer of 2014 over the Lena River Delta indicates a pronounced downward movement of several centimetres in both cases but does not reveal a spatial correspondence between InSAR and local in-situ measurements. For the reconstruction of longer time-series of deformation, yearly Sentinel-1 interferograms from the end of the summer were considered. However, in order to infer an effective subsidence of the surface through melting of excess ice layers over multi-annual scales with Sentinel-1, a longer observation time period is necessary.

scholarly journals Variability and changes in Pearl River Delta water level: oceanic and atmospheric forcing perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Feng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhenglei Zhu ◽  
Amulya Chevuturi ◽  
Wenlong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Decadal Variations ◽  
Oceanic Forcing ◽  
The Pearl River

AbstractUnderstanding water level (WL) fluctuations in river deltas is of importance for managing water resources and minimizing the impacts of floods and droughts. Here, we demonstrate the competing effects of atmospheric and oceanic forcing on multi-timescale variability and changes in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) WLs in southern China, using 52 years (1961–2012) of in-situ observations at 13 hydrological stations. PRD WL presents significant seasonal to decadal variations, with large amplitudes upstream related to strong variability of southern China rainfall, and with relatively small amplitudes at the coastal stations determined by sea level (SL) fluctuations of the northern South China Sea. We find that the strengths of atmospheric and oceanic forcing in PRD are not mutually independent, leading to a distinct contrast of WL–forcing relationships at upstream and coastal stations. In the transition zone, because of counteracts of atmospheric and oceanic forcing, no robust relationships are identified between WL and either of the forcing. We further show that in the drought season of the warm ENSO and PDO epochs, the effect of atmospheric (oceanic) forcing on PRD WL is largely enhanced (weakened), due to increased southern China rainfall and negative SL anomalies. Over the observation period, WL significantly decreased at upstream stations, by up to 28–42 mm/year for flood season, contrasting with the upward trends of <4.3 mm/year at coastal stations across all seasons. Southern China rainfall explains little of the observed WL trends, whilst SL rise is mostly responsible for the WL trends at coastal stations.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical assessment of water quality for irrigation: A case study of the wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja, North-East of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Hedjal ◽  
Derradji Zouini ◽  
Abdelwaheb Benamara
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
The Status ◽  
Wetland Complex ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Irrigation Quality

AbstractThe wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja (north-eastern Algeria), has experienced in recent years a certain economic expansion, particularly agricultural, about 47% of the useful agricultural area marked by several varieties of crops ranging from market gardening to speculative crops, requiring large quantities of water for irrigation purposes, however the swampy areas are the main sources used for irrigation purposes in this practice. It is therefore necessary for this water to have physicochemical properties adapted to plants, in particular the absence of salinity. This study was done to evaluate the status of the swamps areas quality and its suitability for irrigated agriculture. To achieve this objective, water samples from ten swamps areas water were collected from Guerbes-Sanhadja in February and June of 2016. The water quality of these swamps was estimated from different water quality parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), the chemical parameters like Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, BOD5, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+ and PO43−. Based on the physico-chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH) were calculated. The results showed that the overall concentration of nitrate was very high. About 60 percent of the swampy areas had suitable water quality for chloride, and they had a concentration below the permissible limit for crop irrigation. From the Richards diagram, it is observed that most of the samples from the study area fall in the good to permissible classes for irrigation purpose.

scholarly journals Oxygen consumption and nutrient fluxes in coastal marine sediments off the Mejerda River delta (Gulf of Tunis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. HELALI ◽  
N. ZAABOUB ◽  
W. OUESLATI ◽  
A. ADDED ◽  
L. ALEYA
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Benthic Flux ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Diffusive Flux ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Gulf Of Tunis ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Benthic Chambers

The authors studied benthic flux of oxygen, alkalinity, and nutrients in situ at three points in the Mejerda River Delta at depths of 10m, 20m and 40m in March and August 2012. Three sedimentary cores were simultaneously drilled at the same locations to determine the diffusive flux of NO2-, NO3-, NH4+ and PO43- and to estimate diagenetic mechanisms occurring below the sediment-water interface. Photosynthesis was not sufficiently high during the day, and the oxygen consumption at sediment-water interface was about 1.7 to 10mmol/m²/day, essentially controlled by the degradation of organic matter and oxidation of reduced elements. Nitrate contents are relatively high in the sediment (above 140μM for NO3-)and their production is not always in conformity with the general scheme of early diagenesis, moreover, benthic flux between water and sediment are not clearly established. The diffusive flux of NH4+ and PO43- are always directed to the water column, at averages of 1.27μmol/m²/day for PO43- and 96.5μmol/m²/day for NH4+, complying with those measured by benthic chambers, but representing less than 30% of benthic fluxes for NH4+ and less than 5% for PO43-.

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