scholarly journals Source rock potentiality of Ib-Valley Coals, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, Orissa, India

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Guha ◽  
K. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Rock Eval

Rock eval pyrolysis is instrumental in rapid evaluation of maturation and source rock characteristics by providing vital information about the quantity, type and thermal maturity of organic matter. The Ib-Valley coal deposits have been characterized for their source rock potentiality and thus to explore the chances of their involvement in hydrocarbon generation.

Liquid hydrocarbon characterization of the lacustrine Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Organic-matter source variation and thermal maturity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. SF225-SF242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Sun ◽  
Quansheng Liang ◽  
Chengfu Jiang ◽  
Daniel Enriquez ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Yanchang Formation

Source-rock samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China were geochemically characterized to determine variations in depositional environments, organic-matter (OM) source, and thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 4 wt% to 10 wt% in the Chang 7, Chang 8, and Chang 9 members — the three OM-rich shale intervals. The Chang 7 has the highest TOC and hydrogen index values, and it is considered the best source rock in the formation. Geochemical evidence indicates that the main sources of OM in the Yanchang Formation are freshwater lacustrine phytoplanktons, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic organisms, and land plants deposited under a weakly reducing to suboxic depositional environment. The elevated [Formula: see text] sterane concentration and depleted [Formula: see text] values of OM in the middle of the Chang 7 may indicate the presence of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms that corresponds to a period of maximum lake expansion. The OM deposited in deeper parts of the lake is dominated by oil-prone type I or type II kerogen or a mixture of both. The OM deposited in shallower settings is characterized by increased terrestrial input with a mixture of types II and III kerogen. These source rocks are in the oil window, with maturity increasing with burial depth. The measured solid-bitumen reflectance and calculated vitrinite reflectance from the temperature at maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs during Rock-Eval pyrolysis ([Formula: see text]) and the methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1) chemical maturity parameters range from 0.8 to [Formula: see text]. Because the thermal labilities of OM are associated with the kerogen type, the required thermal stress for oil generation from types I and II mixed kerogen has a higher and narrower range of temperature for hydrocarbon generation than that of OM dominated by type II kerogen or types II and III mixed kerogen deposited in the prodelta and delta front.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon source rock assessment of the shale and coal bearing horizons of the Early Paleocene Hangu Formation in Kala-Chitta Range, Northwest Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasar Khan ◽  
Wasif Ullah ◽  
Syed M. Siyar ◽  
Bilal Wadood ◽  
Tariq Ayyub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation Potential ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter and paleo-depositional environment of the Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in the Kala-Chitta Range of Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale and coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total organic carbon) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis coupled with carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Norg) stable isotopes. The organic geochemical results showed that the kerogen Type II (oil/gas prone) and Type III (gas prone) dominate the investigated rock units. The TOC (wt%) and S2 yield indicate that the rock unit quantifies sufficient organic matter (OM) to act as potential source rock. However, the thermal maturity Tmax°C marks the over maturation of the OM, which may be possibly linked with the effect attained from nearby tectonically active Himalayan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt system and associated metamorphosed sequences. The organic geochemical analyses deciphered indigenous nature of the OM and resultant hydrocarbons. The δ13Corg and δ15Norg stable isotopic signatures illustrated enrichment of the OM from both marine and terrestrial sources accumulated into the Hangu Formation. The Paleo-depositional model established using organic geochemical and stable isotopic data for the formation supports its deposition in a shallow marine proximal inner shelf environment with prevalence of sub-oxic to anoxic conditions, a scenario that could enhance the OM preservation. Overall, the formation holds promising coal and shale intervals in terms of organic richness, but due to relatively over thermal maturation, it cannot act as an effective source rock for liquid hydrocarbon generation and only minor amount of dry gas can be expected. In implication, the results of this study suggest least prospects of liquid hydrocarbon generation potential within Hangu Formation at studied sections.

scholarly journals Source rock potential of the Late Miocene Metochia formation of Gavdos Island, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
I. Pyliotis ◽  
A. Zelilidis ◽  
N. Pasadakis ◽  
G. Panagopoulos ◽  
E. Manoutsoglou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rock Eval

Rock-Eval method was used to analyze 53 samples from late Miocene Metochia Formation of Gavdos Island (south of Crete Island) in order to characterize the contained organic matter and to evaluate its potential as source rock. The samples were collected from Metochia Section which consists of about 100 m thick marlssapropels alternations. Organic matter analysis showed that the studied succession could be subdivided into two parts. The lower one, which is generally rich in organic matter and the upper one, which is poor. In the lower part the rich horizons in organic matter are characterized by Kerogen type II, III and IV, with low oxygen content, and with fair to very good potential for gas and/or oil hydrocarbon generation. Additionally, the studied samples are thermally immature. Taking into account that the studied area has never been buried in such a depth to reach conditions of maturation, as well as, that the studied section in Gavdos is connected with Messara basin located in the northeastern and, finally, that the main part of Gavdos basin, which is situated between Gavdos and Crete islands, has continuously encountered subsidence, we could conclude that sediments of Metochia Formation could act as source rocks but in the more deep central part of the Gavdos basin.

scholarly journals Source Rock Evaluation and Lateral Changes in Thermal Maturity of the Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Kurdistan Region-Northern Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ayad Faqi ◽  
Ali Ali ◽  
Bahjat Abdullah ◽  
Stephen Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Rock Eval

In this study, source rock characteristics and lateral changes in thermal maturity of the Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) in three outcrops were studied. The formation’s outcrops can be found in the High Folded, and Imbricated Zones of Iraqi Tectonic Division. In order to achieve the main goals of this study, the Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis were performed on the organic matter (OM) of the Sargelu sediments. Pristane/Phytane ratios for analyzed samples indicate reducing conditions (anoxic) during sedimentation. Moreover, based on  C29/C30 hopanes ratios the sediments of the Sargelu Formation associated with clay- rich source rock. Biomarker thermal maturity parameters display that all samples are thermally in Oil Window at least. The biomarker findings reveal that the samples of Walasimt and Barsarin are seem more mature than Banik section. The values for TOC% of the Sargelu Formation may show Excellent, Very Good, and Poor quality source rock. The Pyrolysis executed for studied samples revealed the kerogen in Banik section belongs to Types II and III (Probably Oil/Gas- prone), while Barsarin and Walasimt sections obtained Types III-IV Kerogen (Gas- prone). Pyrolysis parameters suggested Early Mature Stage in Banik, While Overmature in Barsarin and Walasimt. The data also shows that organic matter of the Sargelu Formation in Banik section is in Oil Widow, while in Barsarin and Walasimt is in Gas Window.

scholarly journals Source rock characterization of mesozoic to cenozoic organic matter rich marls and shales of the Eratosthenes Seamount, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Grohmann ◽  
Susanne W. Fietz ◽  
Ralf Littke ◽  
Samer Bou Daher ◽  
Maria Fernanda Romero-Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Potential Source Rock ◽  
Levant Basin ◽  
Rock Characterization ◽  
Rock Eval

Several significant hydrocarbon accumulations were discovered over the past decade in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Onshore studies have investigated potential source rock intervals to the east and south of the Levant Basin, whereas its offshore western margin is still relatively underexplored. Only a few cores were recovered from four boreholes offshore southern Cyprus by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) during the drilling campaign Leg 160 in 1995. These wells transect the Eratosthenes Seamount, a drowned bathymetric high, and recovered a thick sequence of both pre- and post-Messinian sedimentary rocks, containing mainly marine marls and shales. In this study, 122 core samples of Late Cretaceous to Messinian age were analyzed in order to identify organic-matter-rich intervals and to determine their depositional environment as well as their source rock potential and thermal maturity. Both Total Organic and Inorganic Carbon (TOC, TIC) analyses as well as Rock-Eval pyrolysis were firstly performed for the complete set of samples whereas Total Sulfur (TS) analysis was only carried out on samples containing significant amount of organic matter (>0.3 wt.% TOC). Based on the Rock-Eval results, eight samples were selected for organic petrographic investigations and twelve samples for analysis of major aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The organic content is highly variable in the analyzed samples (0–9.3 wt.%). TS/TOC as well as several biomarker ratios (e.g. Pr/Ph < 2) indicate a deposition under dysoxic conditions for the organic matter-rich sections, which were probably reached during sporadically active upwelling periods. Results prove potential oil prone Type II kerogen source rock intervals of fair to very good quality being present in Turonian to Coniacian (average: TOC = 0.93 wt.%, HI = 319 mg HC/g TOC) and in Bartonian to Priabonian (average: TOC = 4.8 wt.%, HI = 469 mg HC/g TOC) intervals. A precise determination of the actual source rock thickness is prevented by low core recovery rates for the respective intervals. All analyzed samples are immature to early mature. However, the presence of deeper buried, thermally mature source rocks and hydrocarbon migration is indicated by the observation of solid bitumen impregnation in one Upper Cretaceous and in one Lower Eocene sample.

scholarly journals Organic geochemical and palynological studies of the Maastrichtian source rock intervals in Bida Basin, Nigeria: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3191-3206
Author(s):  
Olusola J. Ojo ◽  
Ayoola Y. Jimoh ◽  
Juliet C. Umelo ◽  
Samuel O. Akande
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Source Rock ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Oxic Condition ◽  
Freshwater Swamp

Abstract The Patti Formation which consists of sandstone and shale offers the best potential source beds in the Bida Basin. This inland basin is one of the basins currently being tested for hydrocarbon prospectivity in Nigeria. Fresh samples of shale from Agbaja borehole, Ahoko quarry and Geheku road cut were analysed using organic geochemical and palynological techniques to unravel their age, paleoecology, palynofacies and source bed hydrocarbon potential. Palynological data suggest Maastrichtian age for the sediments based on the abundance of microfloral assemblage; Retidiporites magdalenensis, Echitriporites trianguliformis and Buttinia andreevi. Dinocysts belonging to the Spiniferites, Deflandrea and Dinogymnium genera from some of the analysed intervals are indicative of freshwater swamp and normal sea conditions. Palynological evidence further suggests mangrove paleovegetation and humid climate. Relatively high total organic carbon TOC (0.77–8.95 wt%) was obtained for the shales which implies substantial concentration of organic matter in the source beds. Hydrocarbon source rock potential ranges from 0.19 to 0.70 mgHC/g.rock except for a certain source rock interval in the Agbaja borehole with high yield of 25.18 mgHC/g.rock. This interval also presents exceptionally high HI of 274 mgHC/g.TOC and moderate amount of amorphous organic matter. The data suggests that in spite of the favourable organic matter quantity, the thermal maturity is low as indicated by vitrinite reflectance and Tmax (0.46 to 0.48 Ro% and 413 to 475 °C, respectively). The hydrocarbon extracts show abundance of odd number alkanes C27–C33, low sterane/hopane ratio and Pr/Ph > 2. We conclude that the source rocks were terrestrially derived under oxic condition and dominated by type III kerogen. Type II organic matter with oil and gas potential is a possibility in Agbaja area of Bida Basin. Thermal maturity is low and little, or no hydrocarbon has been generated from the source rocks.

Biomarker Geochemistry and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of the Evaporites in Dongying Lacustrine Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1042-1047
Author(s):  
Zhong Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Lacustrine Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation Potential ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
High Maturity ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Hydrocarbon Expulsion ◽  
Rock Eval

To investigate hydrocarbon potential of the evaporites, some deep wells such as Haoke-1 well and Fengshen-2 well were intensively cored, tested by TOC, Rock-Eval, and chromatography and mass spectrometry and evaluated using geochemistry of biomarker and hydrocarbon generation. High content of gammacerane and low Pr/Ph was exhibited in the evaporite system compared to the non-evaporite system. Different response of biomarkers parameters for the different sedimentary systems was exhibited, such as C19/(C19+C23) terpanes, C29/(C27+C28+C29) steranes, C24/C23 and C22/C21 tricyclic terpane. The evaporites and mud stones have the capacity to generate and expel hydrocarbons. The tested samples were mostly typeⅠand typeⅡ1 of organic matter, and their original generating capacity can reach 40 mg/g rock and 20 mg/g rock respectively. The efficiency of hydrocarbon expulsion reached 60%, but the distribution of organic matter and its generative potential was highly variable. In general, the mudstones show greater generative potential than the evaporites. High maturity severely reduced the capacity of their rocks to generate and expel petroleum.

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