scholarly journals Risk Factor Assessment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pant ◽  
KR Pandey ◽  
M Joshi ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
T Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Age Range

Background: Despite increasing numbers of MDR TB cases seen in Nepal, a lot remains to be understood about the disease in the local context. We evaluated possible risk factors for MDR TB among patients enrolled for treatment at a district hospital in western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive case-series study using structured interviews and abstraction of treatment records of all patients registered at the DOTS Plus clinic at Bhim Hospital, Bhairahawa from April 2008 to Dec 2008 was done. Descriptive analysis was done to find out frequencies and relations. Results: Of the total 31 patients, 22 were males (age range 18-68, median 36.7) and the remaining 9 females (age range 23-56, median 33.7). 27(87%) of the patients had monthly income below Rs 3000 and 24 (77%) of them were illiterate. 21(67%) had missed at least a few weeks of drugs during their previous treatment and 4 (13%) had been marked as defaulters. 6 (20%) had treatment failure. 74% of the patients were smokers, 2 were HIV positive. 20 (58%) had lived in India for at least 6 months where they had incomplete treatment of TB. 30 (97%) patients had disclosed their MDR status to their families; however 70% said they did not do so immediately. Conclusions: Previous TB treatment, male sex, poverty, migration to India, illiteracy and smoking have been observed in a majority of the cases in this study. These findings need to be corroborated with multi-centre casecontrol studies to bring out nationally relevant risk factors for MDR TB. Key words: directly observed treatment short course-plus; multi- drug resistance; risk factors; tuberculosis. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3013 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 89-92

First-Ray Radiographic Changes After Flexible Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110345
Author(s):  
Chien-Shun Wang ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chun-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Chau Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and hallux valgus (HV) are common foot and ankle deformities. Few studies have reported the changes in radiographic parameters of HV after reconstructive surgery for AAFD. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in radiographic parameters of HV and analyze the risk factors for increased HV after correction of AAFD. Methods: Adult patients with flexible AAFD who underwent similar bony procedures including medializing calcaneal osteotomy and Cotton osteotomy were included. Radiographic parameters were measured on weightbearing radiographs preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided into hallux valgus angle (HVA) increased and HVA nonincreased groups; logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting increased HV. Results: Forty-six feet of 43 patients were included. After AAFD reconstructive surgery, the tibial sesamoid position improved by 1 grade, but the HVA increased 4 degrees in average. Further, 21 of 46 feet (46%) showed an HVA increase ≥5 degrees immediately after AAFD correction surgery. Preoperative talonavicular coverage angle <21.6 degrees was a risk factor associated with HV increase immediately after the surgery. Conclusion: In this case series, using plain radiographs to measure standard parameters of foot alignment, we found the association between AAFD correction and HV deformity measures somewhat paradoxical. Correction of overpronation of the hindfoot and midfoot appears to improve the first metatarsal rotational deformity but may also increase HVA. A lower preoperative talonavicular coverage angle was associated with an increase of the HVA after surgery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series study.

The Epidemiology of Household Rodenticides Poisoning in Hong Kong and its Risk Factors for Developing Coagulopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Othman ◽  
Ck Chan ◽  
Fl Lau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Intentional Ingestion ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective To (1) describe the epidemiology of household rodenticides poisoning in Hong Kong, (2) evaluate the proportion of patients who have develop coagulopathy after rodenticide poisoning, (3) identify the risk factors for developing coagulopathy in rodenticide poisoning. Design Case series study. Setting Sixteen accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong. Patients Patients with household rodenticide ingestion who presented to accident and emergency departments during the period from July 2008 to February 2012. Results 110 patients were reported to have rodenticide exposure during the study period. Eighty-seven patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 40.1 and the male-to-female ratio was 1.29:1 (49:38). Most patients (91%) took the rodenticide intentionally. Sixty-nine patients (79%) exposed to anticoagulants type of rodenticide based on history or laboratory findings. The ingredient of the rodenticide ingested in 18 patients (21%) was untraceable. The only clinically significant presentation reported after rodenticide exposure was coagulopathy. Thirty-one patients (36%) developed coagulopathy with an international normalised ratio greater or equal to 1.3. Clinical significant bleeding was only observed in one patient. Presence of coagulopathy in rodenticide poisoning was significantly associated with older patient, intentional ingestion, ingestion of warfarin, ingestion of more than one pack and presence of co-ingestion. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only two factors were independent predictor of coagulopathy: Ingestion of warfarin rodenticide (p=0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 18.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.44-96.42), and ingestion of more than one pack of rodenticide (p=0.02, OR=10.01, 95% CI=1.43-69.87). Conclusions Clinically significant household rodenticide poisoning in Hong Kong is solely related to ingestion of anticoagulant type of rodenticide. Patients who have ingested warfarin rodenticide and higher ingestion dose are more likely in developing coagulopathy. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:339-345)

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Vargas-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Age Range

Background: It is reported that genetic and hereditary-familial risk factors for breast cancer contribute 5% and the majority are related to the reproductive life of women. Objective: it has the purpose of determining if the factors considered as risk factors are associated with breast cancer in a group of Mexican women. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in 162 women with breast cancer for 3 years (2002-2004) at the Hospital Juárez de México to determine if the usual risk factors are related to breast cancer. The descriptive analysis included localization and dispersion measures, as well as a graphical analysis using bar diagrams. Results: In the sample of 162 women with breast cancer, the age range at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was from 27 to 78 years (mean of 47.60, standard deviation of 13.09); early menarche only appeared in 12.3% (n=20). The mean age of the first pregnancy was 22 years and of menopause at 51 years of age; 72.2% lactated (n=117) and 45.1% did so for more than 6 months (n=73); the menstrual pattern disorder appeared in 22.8% of cases (n=37); Menopausal hormone therapy was previously used in 19.8% (n=32). The hereditary-family history of breast cancer appeared in 14.2% of the cases (n=23). It seems to be correlated with the fact that in patients with nulliparity, alcoholism and the absence of breastfeeding, breast cancer occurs at an early age (< 45 years) and the risk factor that is related to breast cancer is overweight and obesity with 54.26% and 17.11% respectively (average of 28.00, standard deviation of 3.032). Conclusion: no correlation was found between risk factors considered common for breast cancer; only overweight and obesity were related to its development, further research is required to confirm whether this correlation occurs in other countries.

scholarly journals Effect of Placenta Previa on fetal & maternal morbidity / mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Sehr Zaman ◽  
Asma Zubair ◽  
Sher Zaman Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Saeed Malik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Series Study

Objective: To see the effect of placenta previa on fetal and maternal mortality/ morbidity. This was a case series study. Study was conducted in Gynecology unit BV Hospital Bahawalpur during year 2000 to 2003. All the patients presenting with or with out painless bleeding in antenatal clinic & proved to be due placenta previa were included in the study. Patients presenting with pain less bleeding in the antenatal clinic due to other reasons were excluded from the study. In all the patients` history along with the risk factors clinical and sonography finding, any intervention needed and final out come was recorded. SPSS was used for data collection & analysis. Results: Total 50 patients were studied Out of these 84% of patients were symptomatic a t admission the symptoms found were Bleeding, shock & Pain. Strong associations o f risk factors like Age, Parity, ERCP, Smoking and previous C. Section was found in our study. Severe hemorrhage, prematurity, stillbirths and ENND was associated with Placenta Previa. Conclusion: Placenta previa is not an uncommon but underestimated, under reported & preventable condition. Prevention is possible in case of Known risk factors. Early diagnosis is necessary as the delay in some cases may end up in disaster

scholarly journals Pertussis Vaccination Failure in the New Zealand Pediatric Population: Study Protocol

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Chisholm ◽  
Howe ◽  
Best ◽  
Petousis-Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Investigate Risk Factor ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Series Study

Pertussis vaccines have been effective at reducing pertussis-associated morbidity and mortality. However, they have a complex array of limitations, particularly associated with the duration of protection against clinical disease and imperfect immunity (carriage and transmission). Little is known about risk factors for pertussis vaccination failure. Understanding pertussis vaccination failure risk is most important in the paediatric population. This study aims to investigate risk factors for pertussis vaccination failure in (1) infants between birth and six weeks of age born to mothers who received pertussis booster vaccinations during pregnancy and (2) infants after the completion of the primary series (approximately five months old) to four years old. This will be achieved in a two-step process for each study group. Pertussis vaccination failure cases will first be described using a case series study design, relevant case characteristics will be sourced from six national administrative datasets. The case series study results will help select candidate risk factors (hypothesis generating step) to be tested in the retrospective cohort study (hypothesis testing step. Pattern analysis will be used to investigate risk factor patterns in the cohort study. The identification of higher risk groups enables targeting strategies, such as additional doses, to better prevent pertussis disease.

scholarly journals Pediatric Septic Shock: Early Recognition and Aggressive Fluid Therapy Improves Outcome

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahzad Najeeb ◽  
Shabana Sarwar ◽  
Rafayat Ullah ◽  
Asfandyar . ◽  
Khurram Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Series Study

Objective: To establish the effect of aggressive fluid resuscitation in reversing the pediatric septic shock at 1 hour in children younger than 5 years of age presenting in the emergency unit of the hospital. Methods:  This was a descriptive, case series study, done for six months, from December 2015 to May 2016, at Pediatric Department of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. Patients with age range of 1 month to 5 years, presenting in the emergency department with the diagnosis of septic shock having clinical features of tachycardia, tachypnea or hyperthermia along with hypotension and poor capillary refill time were included. All patients received aggressive fluid management. Clinical examination was repeated at the end of one hour for assessment of reversal of shock. Data was collected by self-made Performa. Results: Mean age of study participants was 22.4 ± 17.6 months. Majority of participants 42(57%) were male. Mean weight was 10.3±4.3 kilograms. Mean heart rate was 173.9±17.8 beats per minutes. 67.6% were treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. At the end of one hour of treatment 51 (68.9%) showed the reversal of shock. Conclusion: Majority of childrens who presented with septic shock showed the reversal of shock at one hour of management with weight-based fluid bolus therapy.

scholarly journals Study of hypocalcemia and its risk factors in post thyroidectomy in Al-Karama Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Surriah ◽  
Ahmed N. Hassan ◽  
Amine M. Bakkour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inferior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Extent Of Surgery ◽  
And Gender

Background: Hypocalcemia is a well-recognized complication of thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery and find out the risk factors involved regarding the patient’s age, gender, muscular build, clinical diagnosis, extent of surgery, ligation of the inferior thyroid artery, and pathology report. Patients and Methods: This case series study was carried out on 50 patients who have undergone thyroid surgery for various thyroid diseases at the surgical department of Al-Karama Teaching Hospital for the period between January 2016 and July 2017. Serial serum calcium measurements were recorded as well as details of the operation, patient’s age and gender, whether or not inferior thyroid artery was ligated, and the pathological report. Hypocalcemia was considered transient if it resolved within 6 months and permanent if it persisted after 6 months and the patient was maintained on supplementation therapy of calcium and vitamin D. Results: The study found that the incidence of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia was 30% and in the majority of the cases (24%) was transient, while it was permanent in only (6%) of the cases; and had occurred mainly after total thyroidectomy and in cases with ligation of the inferior thyroid artery. Conclusions: It was concluded that post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a relatively common complication but it is transient in the majority of the patients. Its incidence is related to the extent of the surgery and can be reduced by the good preparation of the patient preoperatively.

scholarly journals A Step towards Control of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis: Hospital Based Study from Nashik India

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
SV Gosavi ◽  
M Patil ◽  
B Almale ◽  
S Dugad
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Introduction: The Global TB report (2012), estimates 73,000 MDR TB patients living in India, among them only 1,660 cases were notified and 68.4% cases were put on treatment. Hence, this study was conducted with objective to assess the treatment outcome of multi drug resistant Tuberculosis patients enrolled in DOTS plus (Cat-VI) site.Methodology: It is a retrospective case series of MDR-TB cases conducted at Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Nashik (Maharashtra). Information was collected on age, gender, HIV status, previous treatment of TB, weight of patient, refused to take treatment for Cat IV. Outcome was recorded in terms of cure rate, rate of failure, defaulter, treatment completed, switch to Cat V and death.Results: Among the study subject, majority of study subjects were male (65%) and highest proportion (49%) of MDR-TB was in 25-44 years of age. Out of 353 patient 241 (68.4%) were still on Cat IV in which 35% patient’s on intensive phase and 65% put on continuation phase while 12.8%, 13.5%, 4%, 1.1%, 3.6% & 0.5% patient were found to be defaulted, died, refused to take treatment, treatment completed, transfer out & switch to Cat V, respectively.Conclusion: In the present study, the majority of study subjects (99.4%) were previously treated for TB, we identified number of operational challenges in the treatment of MDR-TB like rate of defaulter, refuse to take treatment & deaths among MDR-TB patient was high. There is need to study correlates of these factors in details also need of operational research to improve MDR-TB treatment in India is considered as priority.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015 XII (2), page: 34-38

scholarly journals Assessment of lung cancer risk factors and mortality in Qatar: A case series study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel‐Salam G. Abdel‐Salam ◽  
Mohammad Mollazehi ◽  
Dipankar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Ahmed M. Malki ◽  
Zumin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Series Study

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among admitted diabetic patients at a tertiary level hospital in Kathmandu

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raba Thapa ◽  
Deepak Man Joshi ◽  
Aparna Rizyal ◽  
Nhukesh Maharjan ◽  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Clinically Significant

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the commonest causes of visual impairment and blindness in Nepal. Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors and awareness of DR among admitted diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A non-interventional case series study was conducted among the inpatient diabetic cases referred for ophthalmic consultation. The patients’ detailed demographics, awareness on DR, concurrent systemic problems, and glycemic control status were recorded. DR was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Criteria. Main outcome measures: The prevalence, risk factors and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among the study participants was analyzed. Results: A total of 277 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 62.25 ± 13.26 years. Only one-third (34.6 %) of the cases were admitted for sugar control and newly diagnosed cases comprised of 19.49 %. Nearly half of the cases (46.6 %) were not aware of diabetic retinopathy and dilated fundus evaluation was done for the first time in 44.4 %. DR was found in 38.26 % of the cases and was diagnosed in 13 % of the new cases. Almost four-fifths (78 %) of the diabetics had had the disease for a duration of 16 to 20 years. Clinically significant macular edema was found in 5.78 % and proliferative DR in 2.52 %. DR was significantly associated with the duration of diabetes (P value = 0.001) and concurrent hypertension (P value = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of DR was 38 % among the admitted diabetic cases and the DR was significantly associated with the duration of diabetes and systemic hypertension. Almost half of the cases had been unaware of DR before referral. This emphasizes the importance of the collaboration of the physician and the ophthalmologist for an early DR detection.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10760   Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 24-30

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