scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Raw Propolis and Hydrogen Peroxide on Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Porwal ◽  
Aditi Mathur ◽  
Neema Shetty ◽  
Balaji Manohar ◽  
Barkha Makhijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mouth Wash

Background: Plaque is the soft deposit that forms the biofilm consisting of microorganisms adhering to the tooth surface and is proved beyond doubt to be the initiator of gingival and periodontal disease. Plaque control is the mainstay in periodontal disease. Aim: To compare the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, raw propolis and 3% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects in the age group of 20-40 years were enrolled in the study. Plaque index and Modified Gingival Index were recorded at baseline and oral prophylaxis was performed. Subjects were then randomly divided into three groups (n=10) and were asked to rinse with 10ml mouthwash twice daily for 15 days. Group I received 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash, Group II raw propolis diluted with distilled water (1:1), and Group III 3% hydrogen peroxide (1:1) mouthwash. Subjects were recalled on 7 day and 28 day for re-evaluation and recording plaque index and modified gingival index. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the efficacy of all the three mouthwashes. Results: The results showed that all the three mouthwashes were effective in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% showed to be the most effective in reduction of dental plaque. Propolis was observed to be the most effective in reducing gingival inflammation over a period of 28 days. Conclusion: Propolis can be effectively used as a mouthwash without any potential side effects as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Antiplaque Efficacy of Citrus Sinesis Mouthwash and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Aritra Mandal ◽  
Balaji Manohar ◽  
Neema Shetty ◽  
Aditi Mathur ◽  
Barkha Makhijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mouth Wash

Background: Citrus sinesis belongs to Rutaceae family is an enriched source of vitamin C, flavonoid compounds and antioxidants are helpful in reducing inflammation. Few in-vitro studies the ethanolic extract of orange peels has successfully reduced periodontal pathogens which has influenced us to prepare a mouth wash with ethanolic extract of orange peel. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of indigenously prepared 4% ethanolic extract of Citrus sinseis (Orange peel) mouthwash to commercially available 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects in the age group of 18-60 years with moderate to severe gingivitis were divided into two equal groups. Clinical parameters like Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index and Gingival Index were recorded at baseline, 7th and 14th day respectively. Following oral prophylaxis Group-I (n= 10) subjects were instructed to rinse twice daily with 10ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash and Group-II (n= 10) subjects were instructed to rinse twice daily with 10ml of 4% ethanolic extract of Citrus sinesis mouthwash for 14 days. All the subjects were recalled on the 7th and 14th day for follow up to record the clinical parameters. Results: Citrus sinesis 4% mouthwash was seen to be as efficient as 0.2% Chlorhexidine in reducing Plaque Index and more effectively reducing gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding index. Conclusion: Citrus sinesis 4% mouthwash can be used for short term purpose without any potential side effects as an alternative to 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of a Commercial Mouthwash and an Herbal Infusion in Oral Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3008
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ciavoi ◽  
Luciana Dobjanschi ◽  
Tunde Jurca ◽  
Gyongyi Osser ◽  
Ioana Scrobota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Inflammation

Mouthrinse solutions represent a group of products used for maintaining oral hygiene after tooth brushing. Substances contained by plants bring benefits for the whole mouth health. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial mouthwash and of an herbal infusion on dental plaque formation and gingival inflammation. The participants in the study (90 patients) were divided into two groups, the CM group, which rinsed with a commercial fluoride-containing mouthwash and the IM group, which used an herbal infusion. The Silness–Loe plaque index (PI) and the Loe–Silness gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline and in three following monitoring sessions. Both mouthwashes used had good results in reducing plaque index and gingival index values. In all monitoring sessions, the average PI value calculated in the CM group was relatively lower than in the IM group, probably because of the fluoride contained in the commercial mouthwash. The average GI value calculated in the CM group was slightly higher in showing gingival inflammation than that of the IM group, therefore the IM group had a better average result than the CM group in GI value. Herbal mouthwashes are adequate to induce proper oral prevention through the preservation of good oral health.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation Of The Periodontal Condition During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Krisztina Martha ◽  
Irinel Panainte ◽  
Alexandru Ogodescu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Condition ◽  
Probing Depth

Throughout orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene is particularly important and must be rigorously controlled throughout therapeutic act. The aim of our clinical study was to examine the periodontal status of patients before, during and after orthodontic appliances are used. 50 patients were selected, plaque index, gingival index, modified papillae bleeding index and clinical probing depth was evaluated on anchorage teeth, separately those with orthodontic bands and tubes. One of the most common findings during this kind of treatment is gingival alteration in the posterior region. Our practical observations showed a different status of these alterations at patients wearing bands on the anchorage teeth versus those with buccal tubes. Using some of the indices which describes the periodontal status at adult and adolescent patients, we found out that adolescents present a higher plaque index, and the accumulation of dental plaque is more severe when bands are used in both categories. Another finding, which is very important in everyday practice is that gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decrease one month after debonding.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effect of Oral Rinsing with H2O2 on Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Related to Plaque, Gingivitis, and Microbes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz ◽  
Juliano Cavagni ◽  
Gerson Pedro José Langa ◽  
Bernal Stewart ◽  
Zilson Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Background. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been used for more than a century clinically to control plaque and gingival inflammation, with unclear supporting evidence. Aim. The aim of the present systematic review of the literature is to assess the effect of mouth rinses with H2O2 on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and oral microorganisms. Methods. Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched with the following focused question: what is the effect of hydrogen peroxide, in comparison to chlorhexidine or to a placebo solution, in oral microbiota control, dental plaque, and gingival inflammatory outcomes? Two independent examiners retrieved the articles and evaluated the evidence. Results. The majority of included studies were performed with 1.5% H2O2. Results related to plaque accumulation generally demonstrate a slightly better effect of H2O2 as compared to placebo mouth rinses, however with a lower performance as compared to chlorhexidine. In terms of gingival inflammation, H2O2 performs better than placebo and more clearly demonstrates an anti-inflammation effect. No studies evaluated the effect of H2O2 against viruses or fungi. In terms of bacteria, H2O2 demonstrates an antibacterial effect. Conclusion. Rinsing with H2O2 has the potential to affect plaque, gingivitis, and oral bacteria, as compared to placebo. However, the antibacterial results are not comparable to the performance of chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Clinical Therapeutic Effects of the Application of Doxycycline in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiro Spasovski ◽  
Zlatanka Belazelkoska ◽  
Mirjana Popovska ◽  
Aneta Atanasovska-Stojanovska ◽  
Vera Radojkova-Nikolovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Gingival Bleeding

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of the application of doxycycline-full dose (100 mg) and sub-dose (20 mg) in the treatment of periodontal disease.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients with periodontal disease were examined. Patients are divided into two groups: A) treated with antimicrobial dose of 100 mg doxycycline once daily for 30 days, and B) treated with 2 x 20 mg/day. doxycycline, during 75 days. Among all patients a conservative treatment was carried out and ordinated the proper dose doxycycline in total dose during treatment from 3 gr. Index of dental plaque by Löe-Sillness, index of gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding by Cowell were followed.RESULTS: Values of dental plaque in relation first examination, 10th, 20th day, 1 month and 2.5 months, showed that after 2.5 months, average value (x = 0.83) of dental plaque in second group is slightly less than the value (x = 0.93) of dental plaque in the first group. The average value (x = 0.17) of gingival inflammation in second group is significantly less than the value (x = 0.50) of gingival inflammation in the first group. The average value (x = 0.97) of gingival bleeding in patients from the first group was significantly higher than value(x = 0.37) of gingival bleeding in the second group.CONCLUSION: Patients whose therapy was helped by a sub-dose doxycycline demonstrated positive therapeutic effects on gingival inflammation and bleeding.

scholarly journals The influence of mouthrinses with antimicrobial solutions on the inhibition of dental plaque and on the levels of mutans streptococci in children

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildiceli Leite Melo Zanela ◽  
Maria Francisca Thereza Borro Bijella ◽  
Odila Pereira da Silva Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The effect of daily mouthrinses on dental plaque accumulation and on salivary mutans streptococci was investigated in 200 children. The utilized solutions were: a placebo solution composed of mentholated deionized water (group I); 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate associated to 0.05% sodium fluoride (group II); 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (group III), and 0.5% stevioside mixed with 0.05% sodium fluoride, with pH 3.4 (group IV). In order to verify the effect on plaque formation, the accumulation of plaque was assessed by means of the Löe12 index, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, whereas the quantification of cariogenic streptococci was accomplished on three saliva samples collected at 3 different moments: before the first mouthrinse, 24 hours after the first mouthrinse and 1 week after the last mouthrinse. The mouthrinsing routine was carried out on a daily basis during 4 weeks. Five milliliters of solution were rinsed during 1 minute. The results revealed 4.10, 26.75, 41.20, and 5.91% of reduction in plaque accumulation for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Comparisons between the groups as to plaque reduction revealed that groups II and III were significantly different from groups I (control) and IV (p < 0.05), but did not differ from each other. The solution utilized by group III was the least accepted by children and, as the solution utilized by group II, caused mild dental pigmentation. There were no statistically significant differences as to the levels of mutans streptococci, probably due to the low initial levels observed in each one of the four groups.

scholarly journals Systemic use of metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study using clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Alonso Vergani ◽  
Emílio Barbosa e Silva ◽  
Adriana Helena Vinholis ◽  
Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Systemic Metronidazole

The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I - 22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II - 30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III - 31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease.

Correlation of Width of Attached Gingiva on Oral Hygiene Maintenance and Gingival Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Benju Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attached Gingiva ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Attached gingiva aids in increased resistance to external injury and contribute in stabilisation of gingival margin against frictional forces as well as dissipates physiological forces exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa on gingival tissues. Objective: To assess width of attached gingiva in adults and correlate with oral hygiene maintenance and gingival inflammation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged 20-40 years visiting dental OPD with healthy periodontium. Plaque index (PI) and Gingival index (GI) were recorded. Mucogingival junction was determined by visual and functional method. Keratinised gingiva width (KGW) and probing pocket depth (PPD) was recorded and attached gingiva width (AGW) was calculated as (KGW–PPD). Results: Total 85 patients (43 males and 42 females) enrolled in this study. Among total, 48.23% had AGW<1 mm. AGW <1 mm most commonly was found in mandibular first premolar, highest mean AGW was found in maxillary incisors. The mean GI and PI values for AGW<1 mm were found to be higher than those for AGW≥ 1 mm. However, result did not show any significant relation between AGW and severity of gingival inflammation (P value 0.608) and plaque control (P value 0.297). Conclusion: The correlation between attached gingiva width and severity of gingival inflammation and plaque index was not significant statistically. However, the mean gingival index and plaque index score were higher for the attached gingiva width less than 1 mm.

Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among kindergarten children aged (4-5) years old in Karbala city / Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Dr. Dhuha M. Hassan ◽  
Dr. Baydaa Hussien Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Back ground: Dental caries and periodontal disease were the most common andwidely spread diseases affecting children. The nutrition may be one of the factorsaffecting the severity of the oral diseases. The Aims of this study was theassessment of the following oral diseases (dental caries, gingivitis) in addition toassessment of oral hygiene among 4-5 years old children in Karbala city –Iraq.Furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral diseases.Materials and methods: A sample of 658 children (350 males, 308 females) agedfour and five years old was selected randomly from the fourteenth kindergartensin Karbala city. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries was followed the criteriaof WHO 1987. Dental plaque was assessed using plaque index of Silness and Loe,1964. Gingival health condition was assessed using gingival index of Loe andSilness, 1963. The assessment of nutritional status was performed usinganthropometric measurement (height and weight) according to Body mass indexindicator with -2SD cutoff point.Results: Caries prevalence was found to be (83%) of the total sample the mean rankvalue of dmfs was higher among boys in comparison to girls with statistically nosignificant difference (P>0.05). The value of dmfs increased with age withstatistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).The mean rank values of dentalplaque and gingival indices for total boys were found to be higher than total girlswith statistically highly significant differences (P<0.01). Recording of this studydemonstrated that 100% of children had dental plaque and gingival inflammation.Positive highly significant correlations were recorded between dental caries withdental plaque and gingival indices. The prevalence of malnutrition described byBody mass index indicator was (3.2%). According to nutritional status indicatorBody mass index-for-age, it was found that the wasted children had higher valueof dmfs than well nourished children with statistically no significant differences(P>0.05). The plaque and gingival indices were higher among well nourishedchildren than among wasted children with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between body mass index withdental caries, plaque index and gingival index were very weak and statistically notsignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: High prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was recorded indicatingthe need of public and preventive programs among kindergarten children.

scholarly journals Association of age with dental plaque score- A record based analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Preetha Parthasarathy ◽  
Leelavathi L ◽  
Sreedevi Dharman
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Set Up

Dental plaque is a soft deposit that forms the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surface in the oral cavity including removable and fixed restoration. It can either be a supragingival or subgingival plaque. The standard plaque index followed is Silness and Loe’s index (1964). The study is done in order to find a correlation between age and dental plaque score. To evaluate the association between age and dental plaque score. The study was conducted in a university set up in a Private Dental College, Chennai. The standard index used in the study is Silness and Loe’s plaque index. The data was collected from the hospital digital database by reviewing and analysing the case sheets of patients who visited the hospital between June 2019 to March 2020. The sample size was 1235. Tabulation and results were generated using SPSS version 19, chi-square test was performed. The age group 18 to 35 years had 52.3% of good plaque score, 42.6% of fair and 5% of poor plaque score. The age group 36 to 50 years had 40% of good plaque score, 49.9% of fair and 10.1% of poor plaque score. The age group 51 to 70 years had 32.2% of good 50% of fair and 17.8% of poor plaque score. P value was found to be significant <0.05. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that the age group 51 to 70 years had notably higher prevalence of fair and poor plaque scores when compared to other two age groups. This study can be used as a reference for understanding the pattern of age wise distribution of dental plaque.

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