Prevalence of overweight, obesity and its associated risk factors among school children aged 6-16 years of Biratnagar

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a ‘global epidemic. Overweight and obese children are at higher risk for developing long-term chronic diseases like hypertension. With globalization bringing more lifestyle modifications, adolescents are exposed to multiple risk factors including obesity, diet, academic stress, lack of physical work apart from hereditary risk factors. Early diagnosis of obesity and hypertension is an important strategy in its control, effective treatment and prevention of complications. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with childhood overweight/obesity among school childrenMaterial and Methods It is a school based cross sectional study done in schools of Biratnagar. School going children aged 6 to 16 years from 10 different schools of Biratnagar were taken as study population. Five were private schools and five were government schools. All the school going children aged 6 to 16 years were included in the study. Children with any chronic illness were excluded from the study.Results A total of 1900 students were included between age group of 6 to 16 years. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 2.9%, 1.8% and 6.1%.Conclusion Overweight, obesity was significantly associated with hypertension. Students studying in private schools and family income > Rs.10,000 were strongly associated with overweight, obesity and hypertension. Family history of hypertension was also associated with overweight/obesity.Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 22-25

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Overweight and Obesity among the Adolescent School Students in Belgaum City

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.1876 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (194) ◽

pp. 791-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tika Ram Gurung ◽

Vijayalaxmi Shivanand Neginhal

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Objective ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Adolescent Students

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a ‘global epidemic’. An overweight adolescent has a 70 % chance of becoming obese. Overweight and obese adolescents are at higher risk for developing long-term chronic diseases. So the present study objective is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent school studentsMethods: A sample size of 300 adolescent students was taken to do a cross-sectional study. Body weight and height were recorded and BMI was categorized based on age-and sex-specific cut-off values as per IOTF reference growth charts. Proportions of obese, overweight and underweight children were calculated and subjected to chi-square and logistic regression tests at the p < 0.05 significance level.Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the present study were 12 % and 3.3% respectively. The highest prevalence was among those aged 15 years i.e. 36.7%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among the subject who did not practice physical activity and whose family income was more than 10,000 per month.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents student in Belgaum city was high which is statistically associated with less physically activity and monthly income of parent. Keywords: body mass index; life style; overweight and obesity.

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Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Aryal ◽

A Badhu ◽

S Pandey ◽

A Bhandari ◽

P Khatiwoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Family Income ◽

Past History ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tuberculosis Patient ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients

Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914

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Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n6p22 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani ◽

Mohammed A. Al-Saleem ◽

Mohamed O’haj ◽

Faleh Th. Mohammed ◽

Mutasim E. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Married Individuals ◽

Health Organization ◽

Associated Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected. Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease.

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Diabetes and Hypertension among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment Since 1998 in Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors

ISRN AIDS ◽

10.5402/2012/621565 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Assane Diouf ◽

Amandine Cournil ◽

Khadidiatou Ba-Fall ◽

Ndèye Fatou Ngom-Guèye ◽

Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Age ◽

World Health ◽

Resource Constrained ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular risk factors in people on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are poorly documented in resource-constrained settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 to assess prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in a sample of 242 HIV-infected patients who had initiated ART between 1998 and 2002 in Dakar, Senegal (ANRS 1215 observational cohort). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied to diagnose diabetes and hypertension. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension. Patients had a median age of 46 years and had received ART for a median duration of about 9 years. 14.5% had diabetes and 28.1% had hypertension. Long duration of ART (≥119 months), older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and higher levels of total cholesterol were associated with higher risks of diabetes. Older age, higher BMI at ART initiation, and higher levels of triglycerides were associated with higher risk of hypertension. This study shows that diabetes and hypertension were frequent in these Senegalese HIV patients on ART. It confirms the association between duration of ART and diabetes and highlights the need to implement programs for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV patients from resource-constrained settings.

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Comparative Analysis of Clinical History, Sociodemographic, Behavioural Factors and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Hypertensive in Awka, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v31i630303 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Chidinma Ifeyinwa Mmaju ◽

Peter Osezele Okonudo ◽

Gladys Ahaneku ◽

Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Marital Status ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and research studies done in Nigeria observed prevalence rate of hypertension to range from 26.4% to 36.9%. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional study was used.391 participants aged from 18 years above were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were constructed in line with World Health Organization Step approach was utilized for data collection. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Chi-square and independent sample T test were used to test comparison between two groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 45.87±17. 49.33.7% of retired subjects has the highest prevalence was statistically associated with hypertension in occupational status of the subjects, marital status was statically significant with hypertension and prevalence of hypertension among the subjects were 81.1%, 8.5%, 8.6% for married, single and divorcee respectively, (P<0.001) and also no association was observed between hypertension and subjects that occasionally use high salt often(x2=0.341, P>0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that age, family history of hypertension, consistent increase in blood pressure, occupational and marital status are associated risk factors of hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria. There is need to create awareness on the risk factors and encourage changes in sedentary life style.

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Serum IGF-1 and short stature in adolescents with beta-thalassemia major

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.4.2018.151-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 151-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monalisa Elizabeth ◽

Eddy Fadlyana ◽

Lelani Reniarti ◽

Faisal Faisal ◽

Hadyana Sukandar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Short Stature ◽

Family Income ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beta Thalassemia Major

Background The prevalence of short stature in thalassemia patients ranges from 39.3 to 65%. The cause of short stature is complex and still up for debate. In Indonesia, data on the prevalence and risk factors of short stature in adolescents with thalassemia have been limited. Objective To assess for the prevalence and risk factors of short stature in adolescents with beta-thalassemia major. Methods This cross-sectional study was done from February to March 2017 at the Thalassemia Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The baseline characteristics data of 80 adolescents with thalassemia aged 10-14 years were recorded. Short stature was assessed by height-for-age, (Z-score <-2SD) based on the 2007 WHO Reference Growth Chart. Mid-upper arm circumference was scored according to age and sex and serum IGF-1 was measured by ELISA method. Data analyses used were Chi-square, Fisher’s, and Mann-Whitney tests. Logistic regression model was used to further analyze for risk factors of short stature. Results Subjects were 40 males and 40 females, 81.2% of whom had short stature. The mean serum IGF-1 level was 32.2 (SD 26.38) ng/mL. The IGF-1 cut-off point by ROC curve was £38.51 ng/mL, with sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 86.7%. The risk factors of short stature were IGF-1 level £38.51 ng/mL (PR 40.66; 95%CI 4.37 to 377.58; P<0.001) and low family income (PR 19.76; 95%CI: 1.152 to 256.08; P=0.022). Conclusion IGF-1 level may be useful as a predictor of short stature in adolescent beta-thalassemia major patients.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2019/9878437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hirbo Shore Roba ◽

Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽

Melkamu Merid Mengesha ◽

Behailu Hawulte Ayele

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Dire Dawa ◽

Study Setting

Background. Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that is linked with fatal complications and is an overwhelming global challenge. Primary prevention is a key to control hypertension with identification of major risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 adults aged 25 to 64 years in Dire Dawa City, East Ethiopia. Data were collected using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable disease (NCD) standard survey tool. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify relative effects of distal, proximal, and immediate risk factors of hypertension, and all statistical tests were declared significantly at P-value<0.05. Results. The average SBP and DBP were 124.98±17.18 mmHg and 78.92±10.13 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.43% (95% CI: 21.57, 27.28). Majority (51.64%) of adults were not aware of their elevated blood pressure status. hypertension was significantly associated with the age group 30-44 (aOR 3.61, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.55), 45-54 (aOR 5.36, 95% CI: 2.62, 10.91), and 55-64 (aOR 9.38, 95% CI: 4.73, 18.59), being unemployed (aOR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.77), ever smoking (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.23), having abdominal obesity (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.64), and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (aOR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.15). Conclusion. Moderately high prevalence of hypertension was observed among adults in study setting demonstrating a major public health problem. Majority of adults with hypertension in study setting were not aware of their elevated BP status highlighting the burden of the hidden morbidity and subsequent complications. Community level intervention and routine assessment of sociodemographic, behavioral, and biophysiological risk factors, screening, and diagnosis of NCDs should be institutionalized to address the occult burden.

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Risk Factors for Spousal Physical Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260517696861 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1269-1293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Halah M. Eldoseri ◽

Phyllis Sharps

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Care Clinics ◽

The Family ◽

Health Organization

This study aimed to explore selected risk factors for spousal physical violence (SPV) in women frequenting primary health care clinics (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted in six PHCs, where one-on-one, private interviews with 200 women were conducted using a standardized World Health Organization (WHO) violence against women questionnaire (v.10.0). SPV was reported by 45.5% of women. Husband-specific risk factors including alcohol or drug addiction, unemployment, control of wealth in the family, and physical aggression toward other men were significant predictors for SPV. A multisectoral approach should be implemented with focus on providers’ training, women’s safety, and involvement of men in violence prevention and intervention programs.

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Anthropometrically Determined Undernutrition among the Adolescent Girls in Kathmandu Valley

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v13i3.16812 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Private Schools ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government School ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Organization

Background No information exists regarding the health of the adolescent girls residing in Kathmandu valley in urban setup.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition among the adolescent girls living in Kathmandu valley. It also aims to know the distribution of weight, height and body mass index of adolescent girls in relation to the different adolescent age groups.Method A cross sectional study was conducted in one government and two private schools in Kathmandu valley from 16th April to 15th September 2010. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardized methodology as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Standard operational definitions like percentiles, mean, standard deviation and proportions were used for analysis.Result Four hundred adolescent girls were enrolled randomly, out of which 111 girls (27.8%) were from government school and 289 girls (72.2 %) were from private schools. Maximum were of 16 years of age and the least were of 19 years of age, mean age being 15.4 years of age. Of them, early, mid and late adolescents were 41%, 35% and 24% respectively. Around one third of the study population were stunted (32%), one fourth were underweight (24%) and one tenth of them were thin (9.5%) based on National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS )standard.Both underweight and stunted girls were significantly more during the late adolescence period (P<0.001). However, thinness was not significant in any of the three adolescent age groups.Conclusion A high prevalence of undernutrition in terms of stunting, underweight and thinness exists among the adolescent girls in Kathmandu valley.

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Prevalence, demographic characteristics and associated risk factors of malnutrition among 0-5 aged children: a cross-sectional study from Van, eastern Turkey

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.4081/pr.2016.6112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baran Serdar Kizilyildiz ◽

Bülent Sönmez ◽

Kamuran Karaman ◽

Burhan Beger ◽

Adnan Mercen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monthly Family Income ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Demographic Features

Malnutrition in childhood is a dramatic indicator of poor socio-economical status worldwide. To recognize and reveal the socio-demographic features is crucial, especially for developing countries. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and association with sociodemographic variables of malnutrition in 0-5 years old children in Van, Turkey. A total of 702 children are included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic features of subject including age, gender, family characteristics and other data were obtained. Nutritional assessment was done using anthropometric indices including weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, head circumference and body mass index-for-age. Multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to assess malnutrition- associated factors. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were 19.7, 17.7 and 16.2%, respectively. Socio-demographic variables that statistical significantly in association with malnutrition were low monthly family income, educational level and employment status of father, parental consanguinity, number of pregnancies, regular intake of vitamin D and history of prematurity. The prevalence of children with head circumference-z score ≤−2SD and body mass index-for-age ≤−2SD were 9.8 and 16.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis detected following risk factors for these indices; low monthly family income, history of prematurity, unemployed father and the period between pregnancies (1- 2 years). We found that prevalence of malnutrition in the city of Van, was still higher than more developed regions of Turkey. The associated risk factors of malnutrition should be specifically interpreted by health professionals and also by government authorities that are responsible for making practical politics of public health.

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