scholarly journals Prevalence of Aerobic Bacteria in the Hands of School-Going Children of Rural Areas of Eastern Part of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Ghimire ◽  
Sanjeev Das Rajbhandari ◽  
Deependra Raj Pandeya ◽  
Yankpam Ibotomba Singh ◽  
Binita Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Group 10

Introduction: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacteria in hands of school going children in a rural area of eastern part of Nepal. Contaminated hands play a major role in faeco-oral transmission of diseases. The students can expose themselves to infection if they do not properly wash their hands before taking food. Methods: The study was done in a remote school of eastern part of Nepal in 2013. A prospective study was done on 200 school children of age group 10 years to 15 years. Swab samples collected from all the children were transported to the laboratory within one to two hours of its collection. The samples were kept in nutrient broth for overnight incubation. They were then sub-cultured aerobically at 37°C on 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar plates for 24-48 hrs. Then the plates were examined to quantify the organisms present according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results: Out of 200 dominant hand swabs of school children of age group 10 years to 15 years, 52 children (26.0%) were harboring pathogenic bacteria in their hands. The major aerobic pathogenic bacteria in hands were i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, Enterococci spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellaspp, Acinetobactersppand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In most of the hands normal flora like Diphtheroids spp, Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS), Micrococci spp and some yeast were found.Conclusion: The finding of the study concludes that there is high incidence of aerobic bacterial flora in the hands of school going children of eastern part of Nepal. The incidence of infection was due to lack of proper hand washing before meal. The school should be told to keep soaps in the toilets for hand washing and conduct continue health education about proper hand washing and maintain cleanliness both in the schools and at the community level. 

scholarly journals A study of blood pressure in rural and urban school children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
R. V. Baradol ◽  
Purushotham D. R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis of Hypertension is an important strategy in its control. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school going children and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height, weight and BMI criteria and comparing the values with available standards.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study done in the age group of 10 to 16 years. Children were selected from urban and rural areas in and around Mysore city. Blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury Sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American Heart Association. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender and anthropometry. All the statistical operations were done through SPSS.Results: The present study was conducted amongst children in the age group of 10-16 years in rural and urban schools. A total of 2000 children were included in the study. BP measurements of 1000 subjects in three urban school children and 1000 school children in one rural school children in Mysuru district were done. In rural school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.8% in males and 0.9% in females. In urban school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.1% in males and 1.2% in females.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. Periodic measurement of blood pressure would identify hypertension at an early age. Further studies are needed to know the exact prevalence of hypertension and long term follow up studies are required to know the effect and risk factors associated in children with sustained hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases in school children of rural areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ulhaq ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
M. F. Khan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
A. A. Ujjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Hook Worm ◽  
Minimum Ratio

Abstract Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BAHRI LOCALITY, SUDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Nadia A Elsammani ◽  
Abdelghaffar Ali Adam ◽  
Adam Abdalla Mater ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Group 10

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is a chronic, debilitating disease that affects the populations of tropical and subtropical countries, especially children at School-age. In Sudan schistosomiasis is a major health problem adversely affecting the health of vulnerable populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school children in selected basic schools in Bahary Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan from December 2017 to January 2018. Urine and faecal samples were collected from 600 school-aged children and examined for the eggs of S. haematobium and S. mansoni using standard sedimentation and Kato technique, respectively. The overall of prevalence schistosomiasis 16,5% which the prevalence of S. haematobium among pupils examined was 16% and the prevalence of S. mansoni was 0.5%. Additionally, male’s reported higher prevalence (22.7%) of S. haematobium than the female’s (4.1%) also males reported higher prevalence of S. mansoni female with prevalence rate 7.7% and 2.2% for males and females respectively. According to the study participant age-groups; age group 13-15 years had the highest prevalence (22%)   of S. haematobium was recorded  and  age group 10- 12  years comes next (18.5%) followed by age group 6 -9 years (7.5%); this difference of  the age group as a factor was statistically significant (x2 = 17.9 –p value n =0.0) , but in S. mansoni age group 10-12 years had the highest (0.8%) prevalence , also  there was  statistically significant (P=0.04). This study highlights that schistosomiasis is a public health problem among children in Bahary locality. The findings of the study suggested appropriate intervention against schistosomiasis such as mass treatment, health education and control of the intermediate snail host.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Near Peer Learning on Knowledge and Habit Making Regarding Prevention of Water Borne Diseases among Primary School Children – A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Rupa Ashok Verma ◽  
Archana Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Peer Learning ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Water Borne

Near peer learning is an educational practice in which children interact with  their peers or friends attain educational objectives. In simpler terms children involved in this type of learning are seniors and juniors of the same school or college. Learners are more comfortable and relaxed, and ready to learn when teacher is their peer, whom they know and understand. At the same time, it develops communication skill, leadership skills and confidence of public dealings in the teacher peer.  In recent days, near peer teaching and learning becoming popular as learning methodology in schools and colleges. It involves students exposed to similar circumstances, from same educational programme, but at different levels. Research question of the study is ‘Is Near Peer learning effective on improving knowledge and habit making regarding prevention of waterborne diseases among primary school children?’ This study was carried out systematically to assess the effectiveness of structured Near Peer learning, where a senior student teaches regarding prevention of waterborne diseases to junior students. Here the subject selected for structured near peer learning is “prevention of waterborne diseases”. Elder children of age group 13-14 years taught their near peers of age group 9-10 years, regarding prevention of waterborne diseases with special attention on improving personal hygiene and hand hygiene. The researcher assessed the effectiveness of structured Near peer learning regarding prevention of water borne diseases, in increasing the knowledge and improving the habits related to Personal hygiene and Hand washing, among primary school children. An evaluative research approach with one group pre test post test design was adopted.  In the study, 4 students of 13-14 years age group were selected and researcher taught them regarding prevention of waterborne diseases. 40 primary school children of age group 9-12 years, constituting both boys and girls were also selected through convenient sampling technique. Then one elder child taught 10 younger children regarding same. Pretest and post test done. The questionnaire used were, demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire, and checklist. Mean pretest was 9.925 and mean post test knowledge was 15.6 Mean pretest for practice was 33.5 and mean post test for practice was 42.07. Hand washing mean pretest practice score was 7.075 and post test was 10.095. There was significant association between pre test scores regarding knowledge and practice and education of child, occupation of father and age of child. P_value<0.005.

scholarly journals Hand Washing Before and After Applying Different Hand Hygiene Techniques in Places of Public Concern in Tripoli-Libya

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-375
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Alsagher ◽  
Sally A. Soudah ◽  
Asma E. Khsheba ◽  
Sara M. Fadel ◽  
Masara A. Dadiesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Antisepsis ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background:Hand hygiene has being considered as one of the primary measures to improve standards and practice for hospital care and to minimize the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. There is substantial evidence that incidence of hospital acquired infections is reduced by applying hand antisepsis. Regarding hand hygiene and public concern, hand washing has revealed that 85% of the observed adults wash their hands after using public toilets.Objective:To compare the efficacy of hand rubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional hand washing with antiseptic and non-antiseptic soaps in reducing bacterial counts using different hand hygiene techniques.Methods:Ninety-three volunteers took part in this study; 57 from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC); 16 from school; 11 from bank; and 9 from office. All volunteers performed six hand hygiene techniques, immediately before and after a volunteer practice activity: hand washing with non-antiseptic soap for 10 and 30 second (s); hand washing with antiseptic soap for 10, 30 or 60 s; and alcohol-based hand rub. A total of 864 specimens were taken: 432 before and 432 after volunteer's hand hygiene. The fingertips of the dominant hand for each volunteer were pressed on to agar for culture before and after each hand hygiene technique. Plates were incubated at 37oC, and colony-forming units were counted after 48 hours and pathogenic bacteria were identified.Results:Results showed that 617 specimens (71.41%) were positive for bacterial growth. 301 (48.78%) were from TMC, 118 (19.12%) were from office; 107 (14.34%) were from school and 91 (14.75%) were from bank.Conclusion:Both antiseptic and non–antiseptic soaps did not work properly in reducing bacterial counts of worker’s hands at all places of study, but significantly improved by an application of alcohol based gel.

Socio-Economic Profile of Labour Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Economic Profile

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the socio-economic profile of the labour households in rural Punjab. The study revealed that majority of rural labour households belonged to the scheduled caste category. As far as the distribution of sampled rural labour households according to the family type was concerned, it was found that 46.42 percent of the total rural labour households had nuclear families, while the remaining 53.58 percent have joint families. Majority of the rural labourers were living in semi-pucca houses. Further, if we look at the housing condition, 54.72 percent of rural labourers owned the houses of average condition, 40.19 percent owned good condition households and 5.09percent owned dilapidated houses. The analysis further showed that as many as 20.35percentof the sampled labour population was illiterate. A few persons from sampled labour households educated above matric. Although large majority of the sampled labour population were from the working-age group yet the ratio of dependents was high among rural labour households. This was due to lower employment opportunities in rural areas.

scholarly journals The gender gap among school children in poor rural areas of western China: evidence from a multi-province dataset

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Di Mo ◽  
Chengchao Zhou ◽  
Alexis Medina ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western China
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