scholarly journals Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) and Eye Health Care in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Rajiv Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Sustainable Developmental Goals ◽  
Health Organization

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) adopted the resolution of transforming our world by the year 2030 through the agenda of Sustainable Development with a primary focus on strengthening universal peace with larger freedom [United Nations 2015, Griggs D 2012]. All member countries including Nepal agreed to this ambitious plan for relieving poverty and reducing global inequality over a span of 15 years starting from 2016 to 2030. All the health programs including, Millennium Developmental Goals, universal eye health or Vision 2020 – the elimination of avoidable blindness by 2020 are expected to thrive under the umbrella of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There are 17 goals and 169 targets. The three dimensions of sustainable development - economical, social and environmental - are balanced in this new initiative [eye health Australia 2015]. The overall effect of this initiative will be beneficial to human beings and our planet with human health as one facet among many. All efforts would be directed to review, realign and integrate the ongoing public health activities to attain SGDs [World Health Organization 2016]

scholarly journals Assessing the Progress towards Achieving “VISION 2020: The Right to Sight” Initiative in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyam Komla Amewuho Morny ◽  
Samuel Bert Boadi-Kusi ◽  
Stephen Ocansey ◽  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Kwame Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyse eye health delivery in Ghana and examine the progress towards achieving VISION 2020 indicator targets. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018. It used a mixed method approach including desk-based reviews, a questionnaire-based survey of eye facilities in Ghana, and interviews with eye health system stakeholders to collect information on eye health delivery in facilities owned by the Ghana Health Service (GHS), quasigovernmental bodies (security agencies), and Christian Association of Ghana (CHAG). The information was benchmarked against the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for achieving the goals of VISION 2020. Results. The magnitude of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (without pinhole) was 0.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The number of ophthalmologists available at the country level was 80.6% of the VISION 2020 target with optometrists and ophthalmic nurses exceeding targets for VISION 2020. The distribution of human resources was heavily skewed towards two out of the 10 regions in Ghana. Cataract surgical rate was low and met 25% of the WHO target. Basic equipment for refraction was available in the majority of facilities; however, there was a general lack of specialised eye care equipment across the country. Comparatively, CHAG facilities were better equipped than GHS facilities at the same level. Conclusion. The Government of Ghana should revitalize the goals of VISION 2020 beyond the year 2020 and spearhead a concerted effort to ensure equitable distribution of human and infrastructural resources across the country.

Universal Social Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-144
Author(s):  
Amanda Shriwise ◽  
Alexander E. Kentikelenis ◽  
David Stuckler
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
World Health ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Health Organization

Many intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) now place a high priority on universal social protection as a means for achieving sustainable development. Is this shift toward universal social protection just talk, or does it signify a more substantial emphasis on welfare within development policy? We present a theoretical framework for understanding discursive changes in global policy as rebranding, fads, trends, or paradigm shifts. We then conduct a comparative, semi-structured review of official language related to social protection used by six key IGOs (International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, and World Health Organization) across five dimensions of social protection (labor market, health, family, housing, and education) before the introduction of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Then, employing the framework, we analyze the findings of this review to determine the significance of the discursive shift toward universal social protection in the context of the 2030 Agenda. We document that, at present, universal social protection is an influential policy trend that has shaped how IGOs understand and act on social issues. These findings inform theoretical debates on the relationship between discursive and substantive policy change and contribute to a growing literature on transnational social protection. They also have implications for efforts across agencies and sectors to enhance social protection and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals The Pediatric Eye Health Challenge Beyond 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Childhood Blindness ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Development Goals

Evidence suggests that improved eye health offers the potential to progress toward achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With Vision 2020: Right to Sight Initiative coming to an end and the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to revisit the priority of pediatric eye health. Considering the profound impact of childhood blindness and visual impairment, it is important to draw the attention of public health leaders, policymakers, organizations, and governments to create innovative and effective strategies to combat the emerging eye health challenges of children and their families.

scholarly journals The Experience of Living to an Extreme Age: A Meta-Ethnography

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Toye ◽  
Cathy Jenkins ◽  
Karen L. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Advances in health care mean that we can now treat diseases that once cut lives short. However, the increase in life expectancy has not been matched by improvements in quality of life. The World Health Organization warns us that all countries should prepare to meet the challenges of an aging population and this is integral to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This may require a shift in attitude toward aging. We aimed to use meta-ethnography to explore the experience of adults living beyond the age of 80. Our conceptual model illuminates the phenomenon of connection in older age and reflects on the paradox of time: ephemeral, yet interminable. Our findings encourage us to reflect on the influence of enlightenment philosophies that underpin the desire for autonomy at all costs. Our study challenges the stereotypes of old age and has the potential to influence people’s perspectives toward aging.

Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Amit Biswas ◽  
KunalChandankhede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

An Efficient Approach for Detection and Verification of Infected Cases of Covid-19 Virus through Block Chain: A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Gupta ◽  
Aatif Jamshed
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

: Some unknown cases of pneumonia were communicated to World Health Organization (WHO) on 31 December,2019 in China’s Wuhan state. The higher authorities of China informed novel coronavirus as the root cause and labelled as “nCov-2019”. This virus is lying into the virus’s family which propagates the diseases like cold flu, lungs infection and more serious diseases. It is not detected earlier in human beings as it is considered to be a new patch on life. Many countries have increased their surveillance forces around the globe to detect any new novel coronavirus cases. An efficient and safe network for secure data storage i.e. Block chain is used in several applications such as food market, healthcare applications, finance, operations management, Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, with the use of this emerging technology, are able to track useful information and accelerate the treatment process of patients. It also preserves the person’s identity. Correct implementation of block chain model has the chances to restrict the coronavirus transmissions and its related mortality rate where there are inadequate facilities of testing. Other infectious diseases will also be curbed by this model. The advantages of this model can reach to various stakeholders who are involved in the healthcare field which helps us to restrict the transmission of various diseases.

Prepayment schemes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter considers two different ways of organizing revenue collection in statutory healthcare schemes: social health insurance and taxation. The two models are commonly referred to as ‘Bismarck vs Beveridge’ after the men associated with the origin of these systems: the first German chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), and the British economist Lord William Beveridge (1879–1963). The differences between these two compulsory prepayment schemes are discussed and compared with private health insurance. Based on a simple diagram introduced by the World Health Organization, three dimensions of coverage are illustrated. Some policy dilemmas are highlighted when attempting to achieve universal health coverage. Finally, various combinations of public and private prepayment schemes are discussed.

scholarly journals Deafening silence on a vital issue: The World Health Organization has ignored the sexuality of persons with disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Peta
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Social Welfare System ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In 2016, the World Health Organization, through the Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology Initiative, issued the Priority Assistive Products List which is meant to be a guide to member states of the 50 assistive products needed for a basic health care and/or social welfare system; it is also a model from which nations can develop their national priority assistive products lists. The aim of this opinion paper is to share my views about the Priority Assistive Products List on the grounds that it makes no distinct mention of sexual assistive devices, yet research has indicated that sexuality is an area of great concern for persons with disabilities. In any case, sexuality forms a core part of being human, and it impacts on both the physical and mental well-being of all human beings. I conclude in part that, in its present format, the list perpetuates the myth that persons with disabilities are asexual beings who are innocent of sexual thoughts, feelings and experiences. The list also propagates the stereotype that sexuality is a sacred, private, bedroom matter that should be kept out of the public domain, to the detriment of the health and well-being of persons with disabilities.

scholarly journals Establishing Sustainable Development Goal Baselines for Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bain ◽  
Richard Johnston ◽  
Francesco Mitis ◽  
Christie Chatterley ◽  
Tom Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), through the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), are responsible for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The SDGs represent a fundamental shift in household WASH monitoring with a new focus on service levels and the incorporation of hygiene. This article reflects on the process of establishing SDG baselines and the methods used to generate national, regional and global estimates for the new household WASH indicators. The JMP 2017 update drew on over 3000 national data sources, primarily household surveys (n = 1443), censuses (n = 309) and administrative data (n = 1494). Whereas most countries could generate estimates for basic drinking water and basic sanitation, fewer countries could report on basic handwashing facilities, water quality and the disposal of waste from onsite sanitation. Based on data for 96 and 84 countries, respectively, the JMP estimates that globally 2.1 billion (29%) people lacked safely managed drinking water services and 4.5 billion (61%) lacked safely managed sanitation services in 2015. The expanded JMP inequalities database also finds substantial disparities by wealth and sub-national regions. The SDG baselines for household WASH reveal the scale of the challenge associated with achieving universal safely managed services and the substantial acceleration needed in many countries to achieve even basic services for everyone by 2030. Many countries have begun to localise the global SDG targets and are investing in data collection to address the SDG data gaps, whether through the integration of new elements in household surveys or strengthening collection and reporting of information through administrative and regulatory systems.

scholarly journals Franco’s Spain and the Politics of International Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-87
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
International Health Organizations ◽  
Post War ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nations System

Liberal international health organizations such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the World Health Organization (WHO) played an important role in Spain’s post-war search for legitimacy, and social experts served as a vanguard for Spain’s integration into the United Nations system. The idea of international health as a technical, apolitical field was particularly important in enabling the Franco regime to overcome its outsider status. At the height of Spain’s diplomatic isolation after 1945, a fierce battle raged at the WHO over the question of Spanish membership, which saw it excluded from the new organization. But the WHO was one of the first international bodies Spain was admitted to in the 1950s, paving the way to full United Nations membership. Spain’s rapid integration into the WHO reflected the success of the Franco regime in exploiting the ‘technical’ and ‘apolitical’ language of international health to overcome international political opposition.

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