scholarly journals Scrub Typhus in Western Nepal: A Series of Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Prajwal Pudasaini ◽  
Annu Ranjit ◽  
Saraswoti Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Trombiculid Mite ◽  
Cutaneous Rash

Scrub typhus, a mite borne infectious disease which is transmitted to humans by bite of trombiculid mite. An eschar, which is a characteristic necrotic skin lesion, is formed at the site of bite. Systemic spread via the hematogenous and lymphatic routes occur and the infected people develop fever, cutaneous rash, myalgia, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis of scrub typhus is often difficult because of vast variability and non-specific presentation of the disease. Scrub typhus has been poorly reported from Kaski district. Here we report series of five cases of scrub typhus from Kaski distrist of Western Nepal.

scholarly journals Halved Incidence of Scrub Typhus after Travel Restrictions to Confine a Surge of COVID-19 in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
En-Cheng Lin ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chien-Hui Hong
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rickettsial Disease ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Travel Restrictions

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease that is usually transmitted by mite exposure. Infected patients may present with a fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle pain. A blackish skin lesion, called eschar, is pathognomic. The mortality rate in untreated cases is high. The first case of scrub typhus in Taiwan was reported in 1908 during the Japanese colonization. In this article, using the National Infectious Disease Statistics System (NIDSS) from the Taiwan CDC, we analyzed the dynamic incidence of scrub typhus from 2016 to 2021, both seasonally and geographically. In addition, we asked whether the recent travel restrictions and social distancing policy in Taiwan (19 May to 27 July 2021), implemented due to the COVID-19 outbreak, would change the incidence of scrub typhus. The results showed that scrub typhus was most common in summer, with an incidence almost twofold greater than that in winter or spring. Most cases were identified in rural regions. Interestingly, there was a significant 52% reduction in the summer incidence in 2021, compared to the average summer incidence of the past 5 years. This reduction coincided with the countrywide lockdown measures and travel restrictions. The restricted measures for outdoor activities may have contributed to the reduced incidence of scrub typhus.

scholarly journals The saga of scrub typhus with a note on the outbreaks in Mizoram

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Collective Information

Scrub typhus is one the most important re-emerging infectious disease, and perhaps, the most important bacterial disease. Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, it is transmitted through the bite of mites belonging to the genus Leptotrombidium, in which the bacteria are obligate parasites. Though the mites are natural ectoparasites of rodents and other animals, in which there is no disease, opportunistic infection to humans gives rise to a serious disease. Known to Japanese physicians as tsutsugamushi (insect disease), human infection is caused by the larvae of trombiculid mites, the fact established by Mataro Nagayo and co-workers established in 1917. The pathogen was discovered by Naosuke Hayashi in 1920. In Mizoram, the disease has been rampant since 2011. This paper summarises available data on the prevalence of the infection in different districts base on collective information from various sources. Records between 2012 and 2018 show that over a thousand people had been infected and 35 people had died of the disease.

Congenital Pilar and Smooth Muscle Nevus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1023
Author(s):  
ANDRE B. GVOZDEN ◽  
NANCY K. BARNETT ◽  
DEBORAH S. SCHRON
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Left Flank ◽  
Congenital Lesion

Dermatologists and pediatricians are often consulted by parents and other health professionals about the prognosis, management, and aesthetic effect of congenital nevi. In this paper we review the literature and report two new cases of a recently described and possibly underdiagnosed form of congenital lesion, the pilar and smooth muscle nevus. CASE REPORTS Case 1 A 6-month-old girl was evaluated for a skin lesion present since birth on her left flank. At the time of examination, it consisted of a well-defined brownish blue, lightly pigmented, barely visible macule with coarse blond hair, 6 x 7 cm (Fig 1). Upon stroking, slight, transient erection of the hair was appreciated.

scholarly journals Leprosy in Refugees and Migrants in Italy and a Literature Review of Cases Reported in Europe between 2009 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Anna Beltrame ◽  
Gianfranco Barabino ◽  
Yiran Wei ◽  
Andrea Clapasson ◽  
Pierantonio Orza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Eye Involvement ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Leprosy is a chronic neglected infectious disease that affects over 200,000 people each year and causes disabilities in more than four million people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The disease can appear with a wide spectrum of clinical forms, and therefore the clinical suspicion is often difficult. Refugees and migrants from endemic countries affected by leprosy can remain undiagnosed in Europe due to the unpreparedness of clinicians. We retrospectively describe the characteristics of 55 refugees/migrants with a diagnosis of leprosy established in Italy from 2009 to 2018. Continents of origin were Africa (42%), Asia (40%), and South and Central America (18%). The symptoms reported were skin lesions (91%), neuropathy (71%), edema (7%), eye involvement (6%), fever (6%), arthritis (4%), and lymphadenopathy (4%). Seven patients (13%) had irreversible complications. Overall, 35% were relapses and 66% multibacillary leprosy. Furthermore, we conducted a review of 17 case reports or case series and five nationwide reports, published in the same decade, describing 280 migrant patients with leprosy in Europe. In Europe, leprosy is a rare chronic infectious disease, but it has not completely disappeared. Diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in refugees and migrants from endemic countries are a challenge. European guidelines for this neglected disease in this high-risk population would be beneficial.

scholarly journals Penile metastasis of urothelial carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration

CytoJournal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda da Cunha Santos ◽  
Marcia Lanzoni de Alvarenga ◽  
Vinicius Freitas Borlot ◽  
Michel Antonio Kiyota Moutinho ◽  
Marcello Fabiano de Franco
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cutaneous Metastasis ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Penile Metastasis ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Initial Procedure ◽  
The Rich

Penile neoplasms are rare and can be primary or represent metastasis or local recurrence. The most common primary cancer of the penis is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 95% of all cancers. In spite of the rich vascularity of the organ, penile metastases are uncommon. Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is extremely rare and generally accepted as the late manifestation of a systemic spread. By 1998, approximately 500 cases of penile metastasis had been reported worldwide. However, only few case reports and series of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of penile tumors have been documented. We report a case of penile metastasis from UC diagnosed by FNAC and describe the cytomorphological findings with an emphasis on cercariform cells. Although not commonly used, FNA of penile nodules can be effective in diagnosing recurrence or metastasis and avoiding surgical procedures, thus being an excellent initial procedure in the diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals Rickettsiosis as a critical emerging infectious disease in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The North ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Almost All

Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, Rickettsia, and Orientia are the causative agents of infectious diseases collectively known as rickettsioses. Of the different rickettsial diseases, spotted fever and scrub typhus have ravaged India for the past couple of centuries. Specifically called the Indian tick typhus, spotted fever was discovered in India in the latter half of the 19th century. After several decades of dormancy, the disease re-emerged in several parts of India. Scrub typhus, originally discovered in Japan, has been recognised to be endemic to a so-called Tsutsugamushi Triangle, extending from Russian Far East and Korea in the north to northern Australia in the south and Afghanistan in the west, but the geographical description has now been breached. Not only in India, scrub typhus has emerged as the leading infectious disease in all endemic areas. Almost all Indian states have records of recurrent outbreaks. Infection can be of dire consequences, as multi-organ dysfunction and neurological disorder (meningocephalitis) are the common complications. This article discusses the historical background and scientific reports of rickettsioses in India.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS IN BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF COVID-19 AND USING IT AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Optimum Management

Biochemical markers (BM) play an important role in the early identification of COVID-19 and monitoring of infected people in order to evaluate the severity of infection and providing the proper care and optimum management to decrease mortality rate and disease progression. Prognostic tools are consider the essential approaches for making a decision in patient management and treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection. In this review, we determine the most important biomarkers of immunity, coagulation, cardiac and renal dysfunction as a highly valuable laboratory tools for diagnostic, monitoring, predicting the progressive complications of coronavirus infectious disease in order to give the effective treatment and for more efficiently control the pandemic

scholarly journals Two Case Reports of Elderly Patients with Anorexia: the Importance of Confirming Medication and a Potential Infectious Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Seonghee Joo ◽  
Soyeon An ◽  
Soyoung Hur ◽  
Eungyeong Jang ◽  
Youngchul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Case Reports

scholarly journals Differentiating scrub typhus meningoencephalitis, from tuberculous meningitis: Two case reports and a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
C. M. De Silva ◽  
C. L. Fonseka ◽  
S. D. Nanayakkara ◽  
S. D. A. L. Singhapura ◽  
D. R. Palangasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Case Reports

scholarly journals A review of infectious disease surveillance to inform public health action against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Larsen ◽  
Rachel E. Dinero ◽  
Elizabeth Asiago-Reddy ◽  
Hyatt Green ◽  
Sandra Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Infected People

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic exposed the inadequacy of infectious disease surveillance throughout the US and other countries. Isolation and contact tracing to identify all infected people are key public health interventions necessary to control infectious disease outbreaks. However, these activities are dependent upon the surveillance platform to identify infections quickly. A robust surveillance platform can also reinforce community adherence to behavioral interventions such as social distancing. In situations where contact tracing is feasible, all suspected cases and contacts of confirmed cases must be tested for a SARS-CoV-2 infection and effectively isolated. At the community level wastewater surveillance can identify areas where transmission is or is not occurring, and genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 can help to elucidate the intensity of transmission independent of the number of known cases and hospitalizations. State and county public health departments should improve the infectious disease surveillance platform whilst the public is practicing social distancing. These enhanced surveillance activities are necessary to contain the epidemic once the curve has been sufficiently flattened in highly burdened areas, and to prevent escalation in areas where transmission is minimal.

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