scholarly journals Agro-Morphological Diversity (Qualitative Traits) of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Study Sites

 The study was carried out in Paiyunpata, Baglung-13, which lies in the southern part of Baglung Bazaar, Central Nepal. The main objective of the present study was to study the agro-morphological traits of rice varieties cultivated in the study area and make easy ways for germplasm conservation. Direct observation and measurements were carried out to collect primary data.Agro-morphological characters of 19 landraces of rice in the study sites were measured in terms of qualitative characters and made ways easy for germplasm conservation. Besides, the varied landraces may besuggested to breeding for crop improvement, but patents should be that of the community.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological diversity (quantitative traits) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Baglung District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Quantitative Characters

Agro-morphological traits are the features of cultivated rice i.e. Oryza sativa L. Rice landraces differ from the other landrace in morphological features such as grain weight, culm number, and height of the plant. Nineteen different landraces of cultivated rice from Paiyunpata village, Baglung were studied and their quantitative characters were measured. The most varied landraces in morphological characters (Khate, Rato, Nepale, Anadi etc. i.e. species far from quadrants in PCA) are suggested for crop improvement. Findings from this research could be helpful for germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Landraces and Improved Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Taiwan

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-ling Hour ◽  
Wei-hsun Hsieh ◽  
Su-huang Chang ◽  
Yong-pei Wu ◽  
Han-shiuan Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Breeding Goals

Abstract Background Rice, the most important crop in Asia, has been cultivated in Taiwan for more than 5000 years. The landraces preserved by indigenous peoples and brought by immigrants from China hundreds of years ago exhibit large variation in morphology, implying that they comprise rich genetic resources. Breeding goals according to the preferences of farmers, consumers and government policies also alter gene pools and genetic diversity of improved varieties. To unveil how genetic diversity is affected by natural, farmers’, and breeders’ selections is crucial for germplasm conservation and crop improvement. Results A diversity panel of 148 rice accessions, including 47 cultivars and 59 landraces from Taiwan and 42 accessions from other countries, were genotyped by using 75 molecular markers that revealed an average of 12.7 alleles per locus with mean polymorphism information content of 0.72. These accessions could be grouped into five subpopulations corresponding to wild rice, japonica landraces, indica landraces, indica cultivars, and japonica cultivars. The genetic diversity within subpopulations was: wild rices > landraces > cultivars; and indica rice > japonica rice. Despite having less variation among cultivars, japonica landraces had greater genetic variation than indica landraces because the majority of Taiwanese japonica landraces preserved by indigenous peoples were classified as tropical japonica. Two major clusters of indica landraces were formed by phylogenetic analysis, in accordance with immigration from two origins. Genetic erosion had occurred in later japonica varieties due to a narrow selection of germplasm being incorporated into breeding programs for premium grain quality. Genetic differentiation between early and late cultivars was significant in japonica (FST = 0.3751) but not in indica (FST = 0.0045), indicating effects of different breeding goals on modern germplasm. Indigenous landraces with unique intermediate and admixed genetic backgrounds were untapped, representing valuable resources for rice breeding. Conclusions The genetic diversity of improved rice varieties has been substantially shaped by breeding goals, leading to differentiation between indica and japonica cultivars. Taiwanese landraces with different origins possess various and unique genetic backgrounds. Taiwanese rice germplasm provides diverse genetic variation for association mapping to unveil useful genes and is a precious genetic reservoir for rice improvement.

scholarly journals Distinctness of 110 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh through morphological traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MKH Sohag ◽  
L Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Research Institute

A total of 110 rice varieties of which 108 local (From Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and two hybrid varieties (From ACI Ltd. Bangladesh) were used to identify the morphological traits during July, 2008 to June, 2009. These varieties represented four types viz. T. Aman (n=92), B. Aman (n=15), Boro (n=2) and Jhum accession (n=1) as described by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute’s literature. Though all these materials were varied ecotypically but grown in one (T. Aman) season. Irrespective of groups of all, 90 varieties were appeared distinctly morphologically from others due to seed colour; stigma colour; anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, nodes and lemma:palea, presence of awn and nodal root. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was noninfluenced by the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21236 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 29-36, June 2014

scholarly journals Keragaman Mutan Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif; Diversity of Sesame Mutants (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Qualitative Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vina Eka Aristya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Mutant Lines

<p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Sesamum indicum</em> L. adalah salah satu tanaman alternatif penghasil minyak nabati penting. Pendekatan pemuliaan melalui induksi mutasi berusaha untuk menghasilkan variabilitas baru populasi wijen, yang secara umum tersusun dari individu homozigot. Karakter morfologi berguna untuk mengidentifikasi galur dan memastikan hasil pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi wijen hasil mutasi berdasarkan 26 karakter kualitatif. Penggalian informasi dengan metode analisis kelompok juga dikaji untuk menggambarkan variabilitas genetik pada 57 galur mutan wijen (jenis hitam dan putih) generasi M4 dan M5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap: tahap pertama terdiri 18 galur generasi M4, dievaluasi pada Maret-Agustus 2015; tahap kedua terdiri atas 39 galur M5, ditanam pada November 2015 hingga April 2016. Pemeriksaan penampilan kualitatif mengikuti panduan <em>descriptor list</em> untuk wijen. Secara umum, penilaian representatif dari sifat kualitatif pada galur mutan wijen generasi M4 akan diikuti oleh keturunan generasi M5. Dendrogram dibangun untuk membedakan galur menjadi kelompok berdasarkan matriks tingkat kemiripan. Struktur populasi utama dari 57 galur berdasarkan sifat kualitatif dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok besar. Materi genotipe kelompok I diklasifikasikan menjadi dua sub-kelompok, terdiri 17 dan 31 galur. Sub-kelompok ini menjadi bagian distribusi genotipe terbesar. Kelompok II tersusun oleh 9 galur, mayoritas dari M4. Nilai korelasi antar karakter bervariasi antara 0,7176 hingga 1,0. Keragaman morfologi antar galur wijen dipengaruhi oleh sifat genetik dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Studi ini membantu seleksi galur terpilih berdasarkan kestabilan fenotipe. Evaluasi keragaman struktur populasi wijen mutan bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan.</p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Sesamum indicum</em> L. is one of the alternative crops that produces vegetative oil. The plant breeding approach through mutation induction could produce new genetic variability in sesame populations, which are generally composed of homozygous individuals. The study aims were to determine the diversity of sesame-mutant lines based on 26 qualitative characters. Cluster analysis method was carried out to describe the genetic variability of 57 sesame mutant lines (consist of black and white types) 4<sup>th</sup> (M4) and 5<sup>th</sup> generations (M5). The study was done in two phases, the first phases consisted of 18 M4 lines planted in March-August 2015; the second phase consisted 39 M5 lines planted in November 2015 to April 2016. Analyses of qualitative morphological characters followed the descriptors list for sesame. In general, a representative assessment of qualitative traits in M4 lines will be followed by the offspring of M5. Dendrogram showed that the 57 mutant lines categorized into two major clusters. Cluster I were composed of two sub-clusters, consisting 17 and 31 lines. This sub-cluster was the largest part of the genotype distribution. Cluster II composed of 9 lines, where M4 were the majority. The correlation value between characters ranged from 0.7176 up to 1.0. Morphological diversity among lines were largely influenced by genetic rather than environmental factors. This study supports the selection of lines based on phenotype stability. Evaluation of the structural diversity of mutant-sesame populations could be applied in sesame-breeding programs.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological diversity of Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties “Pachchaperumal” and “Suduru samba”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elpitiya Udari Uvindhya Rathnathunga ◽  
Sudarshanee Geekiyanage
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Traditional Rice

AbstractSri Lankan traditional rice varieties consist of more than one accession mostly which, exhibit a wide variation in morphological characters, flowering time and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity based on days to flowering (DF) and 12 morphological characters of two Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba comprising of 13 and 7 accessions respectively. DF of Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba varied from 60 - 72 and 79 - 99 days respectively. Vegetative morphological characters and yield components also varied among Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba accessions while pericarp colour, grain width, and length were distinct characters between the two varieties. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis, 2 major clusters were identified at the rescale distance of 25 separating accessions of Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba except for accession 3136 of Pachchaperumal, which was located in Sudura samba cluster. Seven clusters were derived at rescaled distance of 5 where accessions of similar quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were clustered together. There were negative correlations between DF and selected yield components in contrast to positive correlations between DF and selected vegetative growth parameters. Our results may be useful in the determination of identity of accessions belonging to the same variety, which could be further supported by molecular analysis.

scholarly journals OsmiR396/Growth Regulating Factor modulate rice grain size through direct regulation of embryo-specific miR408

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Yang ◽  
Xiaoling Zhao ◽  
Zhengyan Dai ◽  
Feilong Ma ◽  
Xuexia Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Networks ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Size Regulation

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising targets for crop improvement of complex agricultural traits. Coordinated activity between/among different miRNAs may fine-tune specific developmental processes in diverse organisms. Grain size is a main factor determining rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop yield, but the network of miRNAs influencing this trait remains uncharacterized. Here we show that sequestering OsmiR396 through target mimicry (MIM396) can substantially increase grain size in several japonica and indica rice subspecies and in plants with excessive tillers and a high panicle density. Thus, OsmiR396 has a major role related to the regulation of rice grain size. The grain shape of Growth Regulating Factor8 (OsGRF8)-overexpressing transgenic plants was most similar to that of MIM396 plants, suggesting OsGRF8 is a major mediator of OsmiR396 in grain size regulation. A miRNA microarray analysis revealed changes to the expression of many miRNAs, including OsmiR408, in the MIM396 plants. Analyses of gene expression patterns and functions indicated OsmiR408 is an embryo-specific miRNA that positively regulates grain size. Silencing OsmiR408 expression (miR408KO) using CRISPR technology resulted in small grains. Moreover, we revealed the direct regulatory effects of OsGRF8 on OsMIR408 expression. A genetic analysis further showed that the large-grain phenotype of MIM396 plants could be complemented by miR408KO. Also, several hormone signaling pathways might be involved in the OsmiR396/GRF-meditated grain size regulation. Our findings suggest that genetic regulatory networks comprising various miRNAs, such as OsmiR396 and OsmiR408, may be crucial for controlling rice grain size. Furthermore, the OsmiR396/GRF module may be important for breeding new high-yielding rice varieties.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological characterization of local garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm accessions collected from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Sheikh M. Sultan ◽  
Susheel Kumar Raina
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is increasingly becoming an essential component in human diet due to tremendous health-promoting benefits; its traditional local types are preferred for their taste. Garlic clones have specific adaptations to different agro-climatic regions; some have adapted to specific environments through artificial and natural selection. The study was undertaken to assess the variation in some agro-morphological characters of 17 local garlic germplasm accessions collected from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir including far-flung areas of Karthaie Padder Kishtwar and Balot Bhaderwah Doda. Most of these local garlic germplasm accessions are characterized by more pungent smell and distinctive taste often with pigmented coat layers. Some of these accessions have been cryo-preserved in National Gene Bank at ICAR-NBPGR New Delhi. The results have demonstrated the existence of a good amount of agro-morphological diversity in these local garlic germplasm accessions. Different ecotypes exhibit considerable variation among themselves in agronomic characteristics. Therefore, there is a need for concerted efforts for exploration, collection and maintenance of locally available garlic germplasm possessing quality traits including disease and pest resistance besides good storability characteristics for future garlic crop improvement programmes in the region.

scholarly journals Comparative Morphology, Phylogeny, Classification and Evolution of Interstitial Habits in Microcambevine Catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Taxonomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-344
Author(s):  
Wilson J. E. M. Costa ◽  
Axel M. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Available Information

The Microcambevinae are a catfish subfamily endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising rare species with interstitial habits. Microcambevines have been classified in two genera, Listrura and Microcambeva, but the relationships among included intrageneric lineages are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study are to conduct a phylogenetic analysis integrating morphological characters and a multigene dataset, and to propose a classification better reflecting morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses combining 57 morphological characters and a 2563 bp molecular dataset generated similar phylogenetic trees with high support values for most clades, including the two genera and some intrageneric groups. Six morphologically distinctive infrageneric lineages, three in Listrura and three in Microcambeva, are classified as subgenera, as well as two new species are described. The morphological diversity here recorded integrated to available information about habitat indicate high level of divergent specialisation among lineages. The analyses indicate a series of convergent morphological traits between Listrura and other teleosts sharing a fossorial lifestyle, as well as specialised traits independently occurring within Listrura lineages. Similarly, a great diversity of morphological traits occurs convergently in Microcambeva lineages and other teleosts sharing psammophilic habits. This study shows that combining molecular and morphological data yields well-supported phylogenies, making possible to unambiguously diagnose clades and to establish evolutionary hypothesis on morphological evolution.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Association of Traits in Mutant Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Submergence Tolerance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Avinash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Mutant Lines

Present investigation was carried out with 240 mutant lines developed from different combination of gamma rays and ethyl methyl sulfonate on three rice varieties i.e FR13A, FR13B and Labella along with three untreated checks (FR13A, FR13B and Labella). These were evaluated for their survival percentage under submerged condition and yield potential along with 9 other morpho-physiological traits using Type 2 modified augmented design during Kharif season of 2017 in the agroclimatic region of north bihar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines for all morpho-physiological characters under study. Higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, relative shoot elongation and survival percentage, indicating that these traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement and submergence tolerance. Association study revealed that number of tillers per plant and survival percentage had significant positive high to moderate direct association with grain yield per plant under submergence condition. Thus, these traits may be used as selection criteria in further crop improvement programmes for submergence tolerance.

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