scholarly journals Global Early Childhood Caries: A Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Ha Hoang ◽  
Suzanne Gardner ◽  
Archana Pradhan ◽  
Leonard Crocombe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a major public health concern in the world. There is a high prevalence of ECC in developing countries. The review aimed to synthesise the published literature on the global prevalence of ECC and its associated factors. Researches conducted in Asian, European, American and African countries were included. The review included observational cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies, and clinical trials. The ECC varies across countries and the continents. Several studies showed inequitable distribution of ECC within regions of a country. The result of this review provides global prevalence of ECC and associated risk factors. Despite the variation of prevalence of ECC, it remains a universal burden. Studies have demonstrated that even in developed countries, ECC represents a significant burden in preschool children. The S. mutans and , oral hygiene habits, breastfeeding and bottle feeding along with factors such as parental education are major risk factors for ECC. There have been limited studies conducted on ECC in Nepal.

scholarly journals Assessment of potential risk factors associated with early childhood caries in a subpopulation of children from Thrace region of Turkey

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-556
Author(s):  
Sirin Guner Onur ◽  
Betul Kargul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is considered a global health concern due to its high prevalence and effect on the overall health of children. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate prevalence of ECC and associated risk factors in a Turkish subpopulation of children. Materials and methods: Five hundred forty-two (299 boys, 243 girls) children were enrolled in this study. Caries experience on primary teeth was measured using decayed or filled teeth (dft) index and the presence of caries was diagnosed if dft >0. A structured questionnaire was employed to mothers through interview. Results: ECC was significantly associated with increased age (OR=1.032; 95% CI, 1.018&ndash;1.047; p<0.001), low level of family income (OR=2.91; 95% CI, 1.567&ndash;5.404; p=0.001), low educational level of mother (OR=2.602; 95% CI, 1.509&ndash;4.485), night-time frequent breastfeeding (OR=1.695; CI, 1.07&ndash;2.685; p=0.024) and bottle feeding with sugary beverages (OR=1.689; CI, 1.002&ndash;2.847; p=0.049). First dental visit age (OR=1.482; 95% CI, 1.254&ndash;1.753; p<0.001) and initial age of tooth brushing (OR=2.062; 95% CI, 1.324&ndash;3.209; p=0.001) were found to be protective against ECC development. Conclusions: The current study highlights potential factors that are commonly associated with the risk of developing ECC. From the perspective of public health, a better understanding of socioeconomic, environmental, maternal and behavioural risks factors for ECC will aid improving maternal and child-based health promotion and preventive programmes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110083
Author(s):  
Sanaa N. Al-Haj Ali ◽  
Faisal Alsineedi ◽  
Nouf Alsamari ◽  
Ghaida Alduhayan ◽  
Alaa BaniHani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

This study aimed to determine the risk factors of early childhood caries (ECC) among preschool children from eastern Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, 241 carers and their children from 10 daycares were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire aimed at assessing their sociodemographic profile and oral health-related behaviors. This was followed by a dental examination of the children by two calibrated dentists. Caries status was recorded using the dmft index. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data ( p < 0.05). The mean dmft of the children was 4.39 (SD ± 4.25). According to logistic regression analysis, children who were bottle-fed between 7 and 12 months (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.110) or breastfed between 13 and 18 months (AOR: 0.028) were less likely to have ECC than those with a prolonged feeding duration (>18 months). Also, those with smoking carers (AOR: 0.176) were less likely to have ECC than those with nonsmoking carers. On the other hand, children who had working carers, mainly mothers, in the education sector (AOR: 11.105), were more likely to have ECC ( p < 0.05). The risk factors associated with the presence of ECC among preschool children in eastern Saudi Arabia include the mother’s occupation and the carer’s smoking status, as well as feeding practices (particularly bottle feeding). These factors can be modified by encouraging carers to completely wean their children (particularly from the bottle) by 18 months of age and advising working mothers to perform tooth brushing for their children in the morning before they go to work and in the evening before the children go to bed.

scholarly journals Severe early childhood caries and behavioral risk factors among 3-year-old children in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Slabšinskienė ◽  
Simona Milčiuvienė ◽  
Julija Narbutaitė ◽  
Ingrida Vasiliauskienė ◽  
Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) in 3-year-old Lithuanian children. The impact of selected behavioral risk factors on the development of S-ECC was investigated. Material and methods. A total of 950 children were examined in kindergartens. Diagnosis of dental caries followed the WHO criteria. Questionnaires were delivered to mothers of the children with S-ECC and caries-free children. The questions were related to the children’s dietary habits, temperament, oral hygiene, and the use of fluoride toothpaste. Results. The prevalence of ECC was 50.6% with a mean dmft of 2.1 (SD, 0.1) and a mean dmfs of 3.4 (SD, 0.2). The prevalence of S-ECC was 6.5% with a mean dmft of 7.8 (SD, 0.1) and dmfs of 18.1 (SD, 0.6). A significantly higher percentage of children developed S-ECC when they were breast-fed for a period longer than one year, were sleeping with a bottle containing carbohydrates during the night, or were allowed to sip from a bottle either going to sleep or during the day. A significantly higher percentage of mothers having caries-free children knew about risk factors of S-ECC and started tooth brushing after the eruption of the first tooth. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the use of fluoride toothpaste. Conclusions. Improper infant bottle-feeding habits and no tooth brushing were found to be significant for the development of S-ECC among 3-year-old Lithuanian children.

Association between the mode of delivery and the occurance of early childhood caries in children from 2 to 5 years of the maternal chilhood center Pachacutec Perú-Korea, Diresa Callao, Perú 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura García-Castro ◽  
Guido Perona-Miguel de Priego
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) continues to be the biggest oral health problem in developing countries. Several studiesreport ECC prevalence in children aged 3 years from 40% to 65.7% and in children 5 and 6 years of age up to86%. There are multiple risk factors associated with ECC, such as: cariogenic diet, poor oral hygiene, low salivaryflow, low parental socioeconomic status, low parental education, etc. But there is also a “mode of delivery” factorthat is not being considered and could be important and determinant for the occurrence of ECC.Objective: To determine if there is an association between the mode of delivery and the presence of ECC in childrenaged 2 to 5 years of the Maternal and Child Health Center Pachacutec PERU-KOREA, DIRESA CALLAO2016.Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was conductedwith children attending the PERU-COREA Maternal and Child Health Center (n=125) during September to Decemberof 2016. A validated questionnaire was used for socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors forECC. An intraoral clinical examination of the children was also performed.Results: The prevalence of ECC in the sample evaluated was 60%. A statistically significant association wasfound between the mode of delivery and the presence of ECC (p <0.001), as well as the covariables oral hygieneindex, frequency of carbohydrate consumption, type of lactation, bottle feeding at night and education of themother, all with a p <0.005. Conclusion: Children born by cesarean section are more at risk of ECC than childrenborn by vaginal delivery

scholarly journals Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Priyanka Achalu ◽  
Abhishek Bhatia ◽  
Bathsheba Turton ◽  
Lucy Luna ◽  
Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Baby Bottle ◽  
Childhood Caries

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

scholarly journals An ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index, health expenditures, and early childhood caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Jorma I. Virtanen ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Universal health care (UHC) may assist families whose children are most prone to early childhood caries (ECC) in accessing dental treatment and prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between UHC, health expenditure and the global prevalence of ECC. Methods Health expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product, UHC service coverage index, and the percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among countries with various income levels using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Three linear regression models were developed, and each was adjusted for the country income level with the prevalence of ECC in 3–5-year-old children being the dependent variable. In model 1, UHC service coverage index was the independent variable whereas in model 2, the independent variable was the health expenditure as percentage of GDP. Model 3 included both independent variables together. Regression coefficients (B), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P values, and partial eta squared (ƞ2) as measure of effect size were calculated. Results Linear regression including both independent factors revealed that health expenditure as percentage of GDP (P < 0.0001) was significantly associated with the percentage of ECC in 3–5-year-old children while UHC service coverage index was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC (P = 0.05). Every 1% increase in GDP allocated to health expenditure was associated with a 3.7% lower percentage of children with ECC (B = − 3.71, 95% CI: − 5.51, − 1.91). UHC service coverage index was not associated with the percentage of children with ECC (B = 0.61, 95% CI: − 0.01, 1.23). The impact of health expenditure on the prevalence of ECC was stronger than that of UHC coverage on the prevalence of ECC (ƞ2 = 0.18 vs. 0.05). Conclusions Higher expenditure on health care may be associated with lower prevalence of ECC and may be a more viable approach to reducing early childhood oral health disparities than UHC alone. The findings suggest that currently, UHC is weakly associated with lower global prevalence of ECC.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Early Childhood Caries pada Anak UsiaPrasekolah di PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-022
Author(s):  
Anita Rosa Delima ◽  
Setya Kusuma Arum
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect all levels of society. There are several factors that take part ini caries initiation. Caries risk factors in children are related to age, gender, use of bottles, tooth brushing frequency, the role of the mother, and parental education. The purpose of this studywas to find out factors related to the cause of early childhood caries experienced by preschool children at PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, North Jakarta. An observational analytical methods with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Subject in this study consisted of 20 children as a total sample of the population. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and def-t index was employed for dental examination. Data processing and statistical analysis using chi-square test were applied with a significance value of p 0.05. The results showed significant correlation between age (p value 0.001) and gander (p value 0.047) andearly childhood caries.hawever, no correlation was observed betwen the use of bottle (p value = 0.909), frequency of tooth brushing (p value 1.00), role of mother (p value 1.00), and parental education (p value = 0.798) and early childhood caries.

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