scholarly journals Factors Leading to Early Embryonic Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
B. R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Irregular Interval ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Single Number ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Embryonic Death

 Early embryonic death is defined as the loss of embryo or conceptus which occurs between fertilization and 15 days post insemination. Early embryonic death leads to reproductive failure in animals resulting in reduced pregnancy rates, slower genetic improvement and substantial impact on farm profitability. Early embryonic death is an eloquent limiting factor for the completion of pregnancy in animals (Inskeep and Dailey, 2005). Incidence of embryonic losses is usually higher than perinatal losses. Notably, fetal development may or may not have affected by maternal infections during pregnancy (Givens and Marley, 2008). Early embryonic death occurs before the fetal calcification. Complete resorption of the embryo is usually seen during early embryonic death (Wrathall, 1975). Embryonic or fetal death leads to resorption, mummification, maceration or abortion. Gestational age, cause of death, and source of progesterone for pregnancy maintenance are the factors that impacts the outcome of the embryonic or fetal death (Givens and Marley, 2008). Most often, early embryonic death, post implantation is due to the uterine environment rather than fetal development (Clark et al., 1986). Dead embryos, between the time of implantation and calcification, are also resorbed. If the entire litter is lost, the dam will return to service at an irregular interval, usually 5 to 10 days post pregnancy loss (Wrathall, 1975) and pregnancy is continued if even a single number of embryo remains (Christianson, 1992). In a farm or within a particular litter, more than one type of embryo or fetal death can be found, but accurate classification is important for further better investigation (Christianson, 1992). Diagnosis is usually very difficult; as the agent or cause of embryonic death is no longer present while investigation is taking place. So, it is important to be aware of variety of causes of embryonic death that helps to rule out the particular problems that can be diagnosed and treated (Christianson, 1992). Proper history such as vaccination status, feed changes, housing, environmental temperature and so forth should be taken, that helps to narrow down the potential list of problems to consider and root cause can be found.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG BAHAYA MEROKOK TERHADAP KEHAMILAN DAN JANIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Melva Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Almost All

Smoking during pregnancy can endanger pregnancy and the fetus, especially the health of pregnant women and fetal development in the womb. One of the complications of pregnancy that causes fetal death is due to oxygenation disorders. In Indonesia, more than half of households have at least one smoker, and almost all smokers’ smokes at home. The cause of neonatal death is fetal death in utero, asphyxia or respiratory problems due to smoking and premature. This study aims to determine the knowledge of pregnant women about the dangers of smoking to pregnancy and the fetus in Gasaribu Village, Laguboti, Toba Samosir Regency. This research was conducted in September-October 2019 using adescriptive research design. The number of samples was in this study were 40 pregnant women. Sampling is done by using saturated sampling. The results showed that good knowledge of 16 people (40%) was enough 22 people (55%) and less 2 people (5%).  The results of this study are expected to be used as additional material in adding knowledge and information to increase real health education (real) to the public about the dangers of smoking to pregnancy and the fetus.

Fetal growth and development following temporary exposure of Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
L. D. Dunne ◽  
E. K. Maxfield ◽  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
L. E. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Day 3 Embryos

The effect of exposing Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment for a period of 3 days on subsequent fetal growth and development between Day 35 and Day 135 of gestation was studied. Day 3 embryos were recovered from superovulated donor ewes and transferred to synchronous final or asynchronous temporary recipients for 3 days. Embryos were recovered from these temporary recipients and transferred to Day 6 final recipients. Gravid uteri were recovered, weighed and dissected on Days 35, 45, 60, 90, 110, 125 and 135 of gestation. Fetal weight and length data were analysed by fitting non-linear Gompertz models of the form loge y = a – be–ct, where y is fetal size and t is time from conception. Various terms including treatment, gestational age, embryo stage at transfer and fetal sex were fitted to this model. Fetal development was assessed by relating organ weight to fetal bodyweight using the linear allometric equation loge y = loge a + b loge x, where y is organ weight and x is fetal weight. Temporary exposure of Day 3 embryos to an advanced uterine environment did not increase the rate of embryo development and had no effect on fetal growth and development between Days 35 and 135 of gestation in this study. A single Gompertz model (loge y = 10.134 – 17.047e –0.01733t) explained 99.8% of the variation in fetal weight. Of terms fitted to this model only gestational age and fetal sex influenced fetal weight, with male fetuses being 5% heavier (P<0.05) than female fetuses. Fetal development was also unaffected by experimental treatment in this study. Allometric coefficients established for various fetal components agreed well with those from previously published studies.

A survey to investigate the level of commercial human-animal interaction during rearing and fear of humans in commercial dairy heifers

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. PC8-PC8
Author(s):  
C. Bertenshaw ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
M. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Different Levels

Recent increases in mechanisation, larger dairy units and financial pressure on dairy farmers result in a reduction in labour and time available to spend with stock. Cattle are innately fearful of humans and this fear has been found to have a substantial impact on their productivity. This survey compliments experimental work conducted at Newcastle University on approach behaviour (see companion paper). The objective was to gather information from dairy farmers on commercial heifer rearing systems; establish the different levels of human interaction and familiarity with stockpersons, explore on-farm indicators of fear and solicit farmers’ views on the subject.

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR DELINEATING EXTRAPOLATION DOMAINS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W2 ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
F. K. Muthoni ◽  
F. Baijukya ◽  
H. Sseguya ◽  
M. Bekunda ◽  
I. Hoeschle-Zeledon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
On Farm

Sustainable intensification (SI) is a viable pathway to increase agricultural production and improve ecosystem health. Scaling SI technologies in locations with similar biophysical conditions enhance adoption. This paper employs novel extrapolation detection (ExeDet) algorithm and gridded bioclimatic layers to delineate extrapolation domains for improved maize variety (SC719) and inorganic fertilizers (YaraMila-CEREAL<sup>&amp;reg;</sup> and YaraBela-Sulfan<sup>&amp;reg;</sup>) in Tanzania. Suitability was based on grain yields recorded in on-farm trials. The ExeDet algorithm generated three maps: (1) the dissimilarity between bioclimatic conditions in the reference trial sites and the target extrapolation domain (Novelty type-1), (2) the magnitude of novel correlations between covariates in extrapolation domain (Novelty type-2) and (3) the most limiting covariate. The novelty type1 and 2 maps were intersected and reclassified into five suitability classes. These classes were cross-tabulated to generate extrapolation suitability index (ESI) for the candidate technology package. An impact based spatial targeting index (IBSTI) was used to identify areas within the zones earmarked as suitable using ESI where the potential impacts for out scaling interventions can be maximized. Application of ESI and IBSTI is expected to guide extension and development agencies to prioritize scaling intervention based on both biophysical suitability and potential impact of particular technology package. Annual precipitation was most limiting factor in largest area of the extrapolation domain. Identification of the spatial distribution of the limiting factor is useful for recommending remedial measures to address the limiting factor that hinder a technology to achieve its full potential. The method outlined in this paper is replicable to other technologies that require extrapolation provided that representative reference trial data and appropriate biophysical grids are available.

Factors influencing placental and fetal development in the mare: important considerations for the selection of embryo recipients

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
S Wilsher ◽  
W R Allen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Selection Of

In mammals the placenta is the vehicle for nutritional and gaseous exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. The allantochorionic placenta of equids is classified as non–deciduate, non–invasive, epitheliochorial and diffuse and, as such, equine placentation demands fetomaternal interdigitation over the entire endometrial surface to optimise fetal development in utero. Any shortcomings are reflected by slower growth and delayed maturation of the fetus.This requirement for an unabbreviated area of placental attachment is emphasised by the inability of mares to carry twin conceptuses to term due to simple competition between the two placentae for the limited area of endometrium which results in progressive starvation of one or both fetuses (Jeffcott and Whitwell, 1973). In addition, age–related chronic degenerative changes in the mare's endometrium (endometrosis) may compromise the uterine environment during pregnancy and Bracher et al. (1996) showed a close relationship between the health of the endometrium, the normality of structure and the density of the microcotyledons on the surface of the allantochorion, and fetal weight.

The Relation between the Consciousness and the Phenomenal World. A metaphysical understanding in the view of Advaitic tenet

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Raghuraman Vasantharaman
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Phenomenal World ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Religion And Ethics ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

"The inquisitiveness about the relation between Consciousness and the phenomenal world has long existed in the area of philosophy and science. Philosophy tries to understand it subjectively whereas science tries to understand it materially. The nature of inquiry differs in both fields. In this paper, I will try to explain the relationship between Consciousness and the phenomenal world from a metaphysical aspect in the view of Advaitic Tenet. The Advaitic tenet is the essence of the Upanishadic explanation. The Upanishads generally form the last portions of the Veda and are the positive culmination of its philosophy. The consciousness and its relation to actions can never be understood only philosophically unless the power and form of will are properly understood. According to the Upanishads, the whole apparatus of perception is distinct from the Self (Consciousness) and is a manifestation of the physical. Since superimposition of the spirit and non-spirit on each other is the root cause of transmigration , we are unable to distinct ourselves (Consciousness) from the phenomenal world. Philosophy, religion, and ethics deal with only human beings. The Upanishads assert their independence in action but since they are limited in their apparatus of perception and expression, they are limited as well. Knowledge is the limiting factor. With the help of knowledge, we will be able to remove misery and bring a happy and relaxed state. Since we are identified with our body-mind complex, we are unable to remove misery and bring a happy relaxed state. This ignorance leads us to misery again. Here comes the significance of the scriptures. In this paper, I will try to define, how to discriminate Consciousness from the phenomenal world? I will define the nature of Consciousness and the phenomenal world according to the Advaitic tenet. The main topic i.e., the relation between Consciousness and the phenomenal world will be discussed according to the Advaitic tenet. The main purpose of knowing this is to realize Self Consciousness. Hence, this paper will be concluded by introducing the methods to discriminate the Consciousness and the phenomenal world and to realize Self Consciousness. "

scholarly journals Challenges and Resolution for Copper Wirebonding on Tapeless Leadframe Chip-on-Lead Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Antonio R. Sumagpang Jr ◽  
Frederick Ray I. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Real Root ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Customer Complaint ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Lead Technology ◽  
Elimination Of Variables

This technical paper discusses a methodological and systematic way of resolving key challenges during introduction of Chip-On-Lead package specifically wirebonding issues that leads to production dilemma during production ramp-up of products using copper wire in tapeless leadframe. The project was intended to determine the “Red-X” or the major cause of yield detractors that may lead to quality issue during wirebonding process. Problem solving tools were showcased in this paper such as Data Analysis, Cause and Effect, Design-of–Experiment (DOE) and mechanical dimensional analysis which provided substantial impact in determining the real root-cause of the problem. Step-by-step elimination of variables was achieved with the use of statistical engineering tools. Outcome of the project eliminated the occurrence of Non-Stick-On-Pad (NSOP) during wirebonding process without cost involved and just optimizing the available in-house resources.  The improvements also enhanced the quality of the product after final test which on the other hand lower the risk of having potential customer complaint in the future.

scholarly journals Paf receptor expression in the marsupial embryo and endometrium during embryonic diapause

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C Fenelon ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
Chris O'Neill ◽  
Stephen Frankenberg ◽  
Marilyn B Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Paf Receptor ◽  
Sequential Activation ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Low Levels

The control of reactivation from embryonic diapause in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) involves sequential activation of the corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone that stimulates endometrial secretion and subsequent changes in the uterine environment that activate the embryo. However, the precise signals between the endometrium and the blastocyst are currently unknown. In eutherians, both the phospholipid Paf and its receptor, platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR), are present in the embryo and the endometrium. In the tammar, endometrial Paf releasein vitroincreases around the time of the early progesterone pulse that occurs around the time of reactivation, but whether Paf can reactivate the blastocyst is unknown. We cloned and characterised the expression of PTAFR in the tammar embryo and endometrium at entry into embryonic diapause, during its maintenance and after reactivation. Tammar PTAFR sequence and protein were highly conserved with mammalian orthologues. In the endometrium, PTAFR was expressed at a constant level in the glandular epithelium across all stages and in the luminal epithelium during both diapause and reactivation. Thus, the presence of the receptor appears not to be a limiting factor for Paf actions in the endometrium. However, the low levels of PTAFR in the embryo during diapause, together with its up-regulation and subsequent internalisation at reactivation, supports earlier results suggesting that endometrial Paf could be involved in reactivation of the tammar blastocyst from embryonic diapause.

scholarly journals Single Fetal Death in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy: Co-Twin Prognosis and Neonatal Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emídio Vale-Fernandes ◽  
Joana Dias ◽  
Belandina Gil ◽  
Alexandra Cadilhe
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Fetal Lung Maturation

The incidence of single fetal death in twin pregnancy varies from 0.5% - 6.8%, leaving the surviving fetus with increased morbi-mortality. The prognosis is worse in monochorionic pregnancies. In addressing these cases it should be noted referral to tertiary center with differentiated perinatal support, induction of fetal lung maturation and termination of pregnancy if there’s loss of fetal well-being or possibility of maternal complications and suspected neurological sequelae in the surviving fetus. The risk of iatrogenic prematurity should always be weighed with the possible consequences arising from the fetus staying in a hostile uterine environment. The authors describe a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with monochorionic/diamniotic twin pregnancy diagnosed with death of one of the fetuses due to fetal growth restriction and velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord at 30 weeks of gestation. The couple opted for termination of pregnancy at 33 weeks after documentation of brain changes in the surviving fetus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document