scholarly journals Screening of Plant Extracts used in Traditional Antidiarrhoeal Medicines against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree D Patel ◽  
Devang K Patel ◽  
Anshu Shrivastava ◽  
Vipin Kumar

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu L. f. (bark), Acacia nilotica L. (bark), Aegle marmelos L. Correa. (fruit) Azadirachta indica L. (leaves), Annona squamosa L. (leaves), Trachyspermum ammi L. (seeds), Holarrhena antidysenterica L. (bark) and Ocimum basilicum L. (leaves) were tested against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). These are the plants traditionally used by rural populace of semi arid regions of India for the treatment of diarrhoea. The ethnopharmacological information on the plants was collected by interviewing the traditional healers, community leaders and rural people of Gujarat State. The agar-well diffusion assay method was used to access the activities of plant extracts against the test organism. The results obtained show the strong activity of petroleum ether extract of A. marmelos, A. indica, T. ammi and H. antidysenterica; chloroform extract of A. catechu, A. indica and T. ammi; and methanol extract of A. catechu, A. nilotica, A. marmelos and T. ammi (MIC, d" 50 ì g/ml) followed by petroleum ether extract of O. basilicum and chloroform extract of A. nilotica, A. marmelos and H. antidysenterica (MIC, 50-100 ì g/ml). These preliminary results will be helpful in rationalizing the use of plants based traditional medicines in modern systems of health care. Key words: Medicinal plants; Herbal extracts; Traditional medicines; Escherichia coli.   DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2636 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 63-67

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1386-1389
Author(s):  
Rui Shi ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Min Ye ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Li Ming Fan ◽  
...  

Some chemical compounds in petroleum ether extract ofMikania micranthaH.B.K. can strongly influence seedling growth ofPhaseolus radiaus. In this study, we provide evidence that the chemical compounds in active fraction chromatographed on normal phase silica gel columns from petroleum ether extract ofM. micranthahave strong activity to promoteP. radiaustaking root. But meanwhile, these chemical compounds could be inhibitors forP. radiausroot growth. Two main chemical constituents, α-Bisabolol and Eudesma-5,11(13)-dien-8,12-olide, in the active fraction were confirmed by GC-MS analysis.


Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
Zarzokimi ◽  
K. Lalchhandama

Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
R Tripathi ◽  
◽  
S Jain ◽  
N. D., Herenz ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
...  

The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Calendula officinals L. and Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don leaves. The leaves of both plants were screened for physico-chemical analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to find phytoconstituents and subsequent antibacterial studies of extracts were carried out against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using Kirby bauer method. The extract with maximum antibacterial activity was further processed for TLC studies. The results of the present investigation revealed superiority of C. roseus over C. officinalis in terms of ash value. Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial studies revealed that the petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis has been active against all strains, whereas the same extract of C. roseus showed activity against S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Chloroform extract of C. officinalis was active against only two strains i.e. E. coli and B. subtilis. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plants were also found to be active against all strains. Studies of TLC analysis revealed that petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis and methanolic extract of C. roseus showed distinct RF values. Further studies are required to separate characterize and screen these components for therapeutic purposes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1718
Author(s):  
Amin Mir ◽  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Reeta Chauhan ◽  
Mohammad Waqar Ashraf

The plant Plumbago Zeylanica is known for its traditional medicinal use because of its wide phytochemical constituency. On same basis its screening for anti-microbial and anti-arthritis activity was carried out. The results showed that the stem of Plumbago Zeylanica could be used as best remedy against bacterial and fungal originated diseases. Among plant extracts, chloroform extract showed highest rate of inhibition against all the concerned bacterial strains followed by petroleum ether extract. The water extract did not show much response as an antimicrobial agent. Also the antifungal activity was observed for all the extracts, but ethanolic extract showed more inhibition potential followed by petroleum ether extract. The results of anti-arthritis activity shows, lowest IC50 (46.55) value for water extract, hence high inhibition potential, followed by ethanolic extract (IC50) 48.50. Over all the plant showed good response as biomedicine against microbial originated diseases and against arthritis.


1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mahfuz ◽  
LAM Khanam

The efficacy of seven different plant extracts viz. Acorus calamus rhizome, leaves of Datura fastuosa, Datura stramonium and seeds of D. stramonium, Corchorus capsularis, Aphanamixis polystachea and Jatropha curcas on Tribolium confusum adult was studied. Dose mortality experiments were conducted with three solvent (petroleum ether, acetone and methanol) extracts separately but J. curcas seed was tested with petroleum ether extract only. Among three solvents, petroleum ether extract exhibited piquant toxic effect against the beetle at all the intervals although D. fastuosa leaf produces no mortality at 24 hours of treatment. Acetone extract of A. calamus rhizome, D. fastuosa leaf, D. stramonium seed and C. capsularis seed produced mortality at all the intervals but D. stramonium leaf and A. polystachea seed did not show any toxic effect. Methanol extract of C. capsularis seed showed toxicity at all the duration. Key words: Toxic effect, plant extracts, Tribolium confusum.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2153 J. bio-sci. 15: 133-138, 2007


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z. Shehata ◽  
Tarek M. El-Sheikh ◽  
Raafat M. Shaapan ◽  
Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi

ABSTRACT The control of Aedes aegypti with synthetic pesticides may result in adverse effects on wildlife and the environment. Bioactive plant extracts have been proposed as one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides used against mosquitoes. Here, we report on the ovicidal and latent effects of ethanolic, petroleum ether, and chloroform leaf extracts of Pulicaria jaubertii at 25 to 150 ppm each against the life stages of laboratory stain of Ae. aegypti. At 150 ppm, the ethanolic leaf extract resulted in 100% ovicidal activity, followed by petroleum ether extract (74%), and chloroform extract about 7% mortality. The ethanolic extract produced 100% larval and pupal mortality at both 75 and 50 ppm, while the petroleum ether extract produced 76.5 and 58.3%, respectively. The ethanolic extract recorded the highest percentage of adult mortality (72.7%) at the lowest concentration (25 ppm). At 25 and 50 ppm, the ethanolic extract resulted in 62.2 and 85.2% sterility index of Ae. aegypti females, respectively, as compared with the 0.1 and 3.5% sterility index caused by the chloroform extract at the same concentrations. In conclusion, P. jaubertii appears to have potential to be further evaluated as a mosquito control agent. Additional studies are needed on its mode of action, synergism with other products, and efficacy under actual field conditions.


Author(s):  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Mustafa Ghanim ◽  
Murad N. Abualhasan ◽  
Amany Rajab ◽  
Boushra Kojok ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Plants were used as medicines thousands of years ago. Conventional medicine use is increasing and many of the currently used drugs are extracted from herbal sources. In Palestinian traditional medicine, the Alhagi mannifera plant is used for the treatment of cancer. Our study aimed to extract this plant using five solvent fractions, identifying their chemical compositions, and evaluating their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Methods The successive technique was used to extract five solvent fractions of A. mannifera. While the spectral analysis was used to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the chemical components of these extracts. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against seven microbial strains using a broth micro-dilution assay. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Results A total of 165 compounds were identified in A. mannifera different extracts. In the petroleum ether extract were found a total of 55 compounds. The major compounds were 2,5-cyclooctadien-1-ol (9.42%), 3-chloropropionic acid, heptyl ester (9.42%), carbonic acid, ethyl nonyl ester (9.42%) and chloroacetic acid. In methylene chloride extract a total of 11 compounds were found, and the major compounds were m-ainobenzenesulfonyl fluoride (14.35%), dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl- (14.35%) and propanoic acid,2,2-dimethyl-,2-ethylexyl ester (14.35%). In chloroform extract, a total of 23 compounds were found. The major compounds were 5-ethyl-1-nonene (21.28%), and decanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (21.28%). In acetone extract were found a total of 47 compounds and the major compound was phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (5.22%). In methanol extract a total of 29 compounds were found and the major compounds were 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (10.79%), myo-inositol, 2-c-methyl- (10.79%), myo-inositol, 4-c-methyl- (10.79%), and scyllo-inositol,1C-methyl- (10.79%). All extracts showed antimicrobial activity. However, the petroleum ether extract showed the most potent antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, MRSA, and Candida albicans with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.25, 1.25, 6.25, 0.325, 6.25, and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively. De facto, chloroform extract followed by ether extract displayed potential cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 0.2 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions A. mannifera was found to contain a variety of phytochemicals and its chloroform extract showed a potent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cancer cells. In addition, petroleum ether showed potent antimicrobial agents and these extracts look promising as drug candidates. Further in vivo investigations should be conducted to provide the basis for developing new cancer and microbial infections treatments.


Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Slanina ◽  
L Bøezinová ◽  
H Paulová ◽  
O Humpa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽  
Mert Ilhan ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol

Background: The fruits with the seeds of Dracunculus vulgaris Schott. (Araceae) are used against inflammatory diseases in Turkey. Objective: Present study was designed to justify this folkloric usage type of the plant. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of D. vulgaris. Methods: Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared from the fruits, successively. Carrageenan-, serotonin-, and prostaglandin E2-induced hind paw edema; acetic acid–induced capillary permeability and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate–induced mouse ear edema models were used to assess the antiinflammatory activity of the extracts. The analgesic activity was experienced by using p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. Results: The petroleum ether extract displayed the highest activities in all of the used test models compared with the control group. Therefore, the constituents of this extract were determined by using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Linoleic acid was found to be major constituent of the petroleum ether extract of D. vulgaris. Conclusion: This study has provided some justification for the folkloric use of the plant.


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