scholarly journals Screening of Stem Extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Anti-Arthritis Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1718
Author(s):  
Amin Mir ◽  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Reeta Chauhan ◽  
Mohammad Waqar Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
High Inhibition

The plant Plumbago Zeylanica is known for its traditional medicinal use because of its wide phytochemical constituency. On same basis its screening for anti-microbial and anti-arthritis activity was carried out. The results showed that the stem of Plumbago Zeylanica could be used as best remedy against bacterial and fungal originated diseases. Among plant extracts, chloroform extract showed highest rate of inhibition against all the concerned bacterial strains followed by petroleum ether extract. The water extract did not show much response as an antimicrobial agent. Also the antifungal activity was observed for all the extracts, but ethanolic extract showed more inhibition potential followed by petroleum ether extract. The results of anti-arthritis activity shows, lowest IC50 (46.55) value for water extract, hence high inhibition potential, followed by ethanolic extract (IC50) 48.50. Over all the plant showed good response as biomedicine against microbial originated diseases and against arthritis.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS (L) AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
R Tripathi ◽  
◽  
S Jain ◽  
N. D., Herenz ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Studies

The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Calendula officinals L. and Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don leaves. The leaves of both plants were screened for physico-chemical analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to find phytoconstituents and subsequent antibacterial studies of extracts were carried out against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using Kirby bauer method. The extract with maximum antibacterial activity was further processed for TLC studies. The results of the present investigation revealed superiority of C. roseus over C. officinalis in terms of ash value. Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial studies revealed that the petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis has been active against all strains, whereas the same extract of C. roseus showed activity against S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Chloroform extract of C. officinalis was active against only two strains i.e. E. coli and B. subtilis. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plants were also found to be active against all strains. Studies of TLC analysis revealed that petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis and methanolic extract of C. roseus showed distinct RF values. Further studies are required to separate characterize and screen these components for therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Ovicidal and Latent Effects of Pulicaria jaubertii (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts on Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z. Shehata ◽  
Tarek M. El-Sheikh ◽  
Raafat M. Shaapan ◽  
Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Latent Effects

ABSTRACT The control of Aedes aegypti with synthetic pesticides may result in adverse effects on wildlife and the environment. Bioactive plant extracts have been proposed as one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides used against mosquitoes. Here, we report on the ovicidal and latent effects of ethanolic, petroleum ether, and chloroform leaf extracts of Pulicaria jaubertii at 25 to 150 ppm each against the life stages of laboratory stain of Ae. aegypti. At 150 ppm, the ethanolic leaf extract resulted in 100% ovicidal activity, followed by petroleum ether extract (74%), and chloroform extract about 7% mortality. The ethanolic extract produced 100% larval and pupal mortality at both 75 and 50 ppm, while the petroleum ether extract produced 76.5 and 58.3%, respectively. The ethanolic extract recorded the highest percentage of adult mortality (72.7%) at the lowest concentration (25 ppm). At 25 and 50 ppm, the ethanolic extract resulted in 62.2 and 85.2% sterility index of Ae. aegypti females, respectively, as compared with the 0.1 and 3.5% sterility index caused by the chloroform extract at the same concentrations. In conclusion, P. jaubertii appears to have potential to be further evaluated as a mosquito control agent. Additional studies are needed on its mode of action, synergism with other products, and efficacy under actual field conditions.

scholarly journals Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of High Concentration of Bioactive Compounds Fragments from Euphorbia hirta L. Extract and Their Effect on Diabetes Mellitus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.

scholarly journals Some phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
Zarzokimi ◽  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Screening of Plant Extracts used in Traditional Antidiarrhoeal Medicines against Pathogenic Escherichia coli

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree D Patel ◽  
Devang K Patel ◽  
Anshu Shrivastava ◽  
Vipin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicines

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu L. f. (bark), Acacia nilotica L. (bark), Aegle marmelos L. Correa. (fruit) Azadirachta indica L. (leaves), Annona squamosa L. (leaves), Trachyspermum ammi L. (seeds), Holarrhena antidysenterica L. (bark) and Ocimum basilicum L. (leaves) were tested against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). These are the plants traditionally used by rural populace of semi arid regions of India for the treatment of diarrhoea. The ethnopharmacological information on the plants was collected by interviewing the traditional healers, community leaders and rural people of Gujarat State. The agar-well diffusion assay method was used to access the activities of plant extracts against the test organism. The results obtained show the strong activity of petroleum ether extract of A. marmelos, A. indica, T. ammi and H. antidysenterica; chloroform extract of A. catechu, A. indica and T. ammi; and methanol extract of A. catechu, A. nilotica, A. marmelos and T. ammi (MIC, d" 50 ì g/ml) followed by petroleum ether extract of O. basilicum and chloroform extract of A. nilotica, A. marmelos and H. antidysenterica (MIC, 50-100 ì g/ml). These preliminary results will be helpful in rationalizing the use of plants based traditional medicines in modern systems of health care. Key words: Medicinal plants; Herbal extracts; Traditional medicines; Escherichia coli.   DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2636 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 63-67

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthelmentic and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract of the Root of the Plant Jasminum multiflorum(Andr.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Sandip Kumar Pahari ◽  
B.K. Gupta ◽  
R. Debnath ◽  
A. Das
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

As per qualitative evaluation in different solvents of the root of the plant satisfies the presence of cardiac glycosides along with trace quantities of steroid and saponins. Among them the petroleum ether extract of the root of the plant Jasminum multiflorum was evaluated for anthelmintic activity and the ethanolic extract was evaluated for antimicrobial activity.1,2 Traditionally this species are used in indolent ulcer, pitta and inflammation. Only few CNS activity are reported on ethanolic extract of aerial part of the plant, though the root of the plant is more potent as per folkore claim. The petroleum ether extract was investigated for anthelmentic activity using earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) at different concentration (5mg/ml – 50 mg/ml). As standard albendazole suspension (10mg/ml) and 3% solution of normal saline was used as control. The death and paralysis time were recorded and compared. Extract exhibit significant anthelmentic activity at (100mg/ml) concentration and found effective.1,3,4The ethanolic fraction of the root of the plant was collected and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to avoid the presence of even less quantity of ethanol in the extract. Two Gram (+ve) bacteria namely Bacillius subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram (-ve) ve bacteria namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were selected for the estimation of antimicrobial activity depending on zone of inhibition. It was seen that 100mg/ml concentration of the extract showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumonia with a zone of inhibition 0.5mm and for others it ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. 1,4,5 Keywords: Jasminum multiforum; anthelmintic; antimicrobial; zone of inhibition

scholarly journals Effect of Extracting Solvents on the Phyto-chemical Properties of Fermented Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) Seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. O. Adesola ◽  
E. A. Akande
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Fruit seeds contain several phytochemical compounds which have been reported to show antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti tumor and antioxidant activities. Due to the varied chemical properties of these seeds, different solvents are used in the extraction. Therefore, this research was aimed at evaluating the effect of extracting solvents on the yield, phytochemical compounds and selected chemical properties of fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed. Extracts from fermented T-solo variety of pawpaw seeds were obtained using petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvents using standard method. Analysis was carried out to determine some qualitative and quantitative phyto-chemical and some selected chemical composition (Peroxide Value PV and Thiobarbituric Acid Value TBA. Extracts’ yield were 26.00, 23.30 and 19.51% for petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvent, respectively. The result of quantitative analysis shows that all the phytochemicals were more abundant in petroleum ether extract. The PV and TBA of n-hexane, petroleum ether and hot water extract were 5.32, 4.52, 0.00 meq/kg and 0.87, 0.16, 0.09 μg/kg respectively. The PV and TBA obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and         this implied that the extract will undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TO EVALUATE THE ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC and PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF JASMINE ROOT (NYCTANTHES ARBOUR-TRISTIS). (FAMILY-NYCTAGINACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Abdul Samim ◽  
Sumit Das
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the anti-microbial activity of hydro-alcoholic (methanol) and petroleum ether extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical screening.Methods: The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the whole root part of the plant Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) was prepared and studied for phytochemical constituents by using various standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of plant extract was performed on two bacterial strains and one fungal strain using disc diffusion method.Results: The present study shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, phenol, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins respectively. The anti-microbial activity of the plant extract showed significant results against all three of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (night flowering jasmine) contains the highly presence of Phytochemical constituents. The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF VERBESINA ENCELIOIDES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
S. C Jain ◽  
◽  
R. Jain ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
E. Menghani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
High Degree

From the petroleum ether extract of flowers, betulin, friedelin and lupeol were isolated for the first time along with six other known compounds viz. n-triacontane, ester of beta-sitosterol, tricosyl alcohol, taraxasterol, beta-amyrin etc. During antibacterial screening, water extract of seeds showed appreciable activity (IZ 12 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, in antifungal screening, chloroform extract of flowers (IZ 30 mm) and alcohol extract of roots (IZ 29 mm) exhibited very pronounced inhibitory activity against Tricophyton rubrum. High degree of free radical scavenging activity (RC50= 70 mcg) on DPPH assay of the pet. ether extract of roots was demonstrated among all the tested fractions.

Chemical compositions, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of Alhagi mannifera five extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Mustafa Ghanim ◽  
Murad N. Abualhasan ◽  
Amany Rajab ◽  
Boushra Kojok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cell Line Hela

Abstract Objectives Plants were used as medicines thousands of years ago. Conventional medicine use is increasing and many of the currently used drugs are extracted from herbal sources. In Palestinian traditional medicine, the Alhagi mannifera plant is used for the treatment of cancer. Our study aimed to extract this plant using five solvent fractions, identifying their chemical compositions, and evaluating their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Methods The successive technique was used to extract five solvent fractions of A. mannifera. While the spectral analysis was used to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the chemical components of these extracts. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against seven microbial strains using a broth micro-dilution assay. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Results A total of 165 compounds were identified in A. mannifera different extracts. In the petroleum ether extract were found a total of 55 compounds. The major compounds were 2,5-cyclooctadien-1-ol (9.42%), 3-chloropropionic acid, heptyl ester (9.42%), carbonic acid, ethyl nonyl ester (9.42%) and chloroacetic acid. In methylene chloride extract a total of 11 compounds were found, and the major compounds were m-ainobenzenesulfonyl fluoride (14.35%), dodecane,2,6,10-trimethyl- (14.35%) and propanoic acid,2,2-dimethyl-,2-ethylexyl ester (14.35%). In chloroform extract, a total of 23 compounds were found. The major compounds were 5-ethyl-1-nonene (21.28%), and decanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (21.28%). In acetone extract were found a total of 47 compounds and the major compound was phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (5.22%). In methanol extract a total of 29 compounds were found and the major compounds were 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (10.79%), myo-inositol, 2-c-methyl- (10.79%), myo-inositol, 4-c-methyl- (10.79%), and scyllo-inositol,1C-methyl- (10.79%). All extracts showed antimicrobial activity. However, the petroleum ether extract showed the most potent antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, MRSA, and Candida albicans with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.25, 1.25, 6.25, 0.325, 6.25, and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively. De facto, chloroform extract followed by ether extract displayed potential cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 0.2 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions A. mannifera was found to contain a variety of phytochemicals and its chloroform extract showed a potent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cancer cells. In addition, petroleum ether showed potent antimicrobial agents and these extracts look promising as drug candidates. Further in vivo investigations should be conducted to provide the basis for developing new cancer and microbial infections treatments.

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