scholarly journals Središnje i rubno u poučavanju hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-234
Author(s):  
Sanda Lucija Udier ◽  
Milvia Gulešić Machata
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
Instructional Content ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Minor Content

Teaching Croatian as a foreign language (CFL) significantly differs from the teaching of Croatian as a first language, and the differences arise from the fact that it is intended for different recipients, and that it most often takes place in substantially different contexts. This dissimilarity is largely reflected in the choice of learning materials in the approach to teaching and the progression of teaching, most notably in distinguishing what is considered crucial in teaching from what is considered minor. This paper presents the distribution of teaching materials in terms of those which are considered crucial in the teaching of CFL, and those which are considered minor. Crucial content is considered to be anything that encourages the development of communication competence, i.e. productive grammar, the semantics of grammatical forms, the lexicon of different styles and registers which are involved in everyday communication, as well as paralinguistic content, while minor content is considered to be standardized-prescriptivist questions and disputes, accentuation (except regarding the place of stress), as well as everything that requires the introduction of the metalevel in the teaching of language. In addition to that it is important to bear in mind that this is not a matter of „either … or,“ but rather a gradient distribution along a scale, which largely depends on the degree of linguistic competence at which the teaching takes place, the context of instruction, and the purpose for which CFL is studied. This means that the assessment of whether instructional content is crucial or minor in teaching is made on the basis of the different circumstances in which the teaching takes place – for example whether it is an academic program or course, whether general language or a specialized type of language is being taught, whether the teaching takes place in a program with a large number of lessons or a few, what level of linguistic competence is involved, whether the teachers are with linguistically homogenous or heterogenous groups of learners, what the learning outcomes are, and so on. In comparison with teaching Croatian as a first language, the teaching of CFL is very different and the approach to its instruction is specific, and therefore requires special training and specialization.

scholarly journals Drifting towards Ambiguity: A Closer Look at Palatalisation in L2 Irish

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Marina Snesareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
At Home

This article focuses on palatalisation in the Irish spoken by Dublin-based bilinguals for whom English is their first language. All informants had a good knowledge of both Irish and English; however, Irish was their second language, used less frequently in everyday communication. Most Dubliners start learning Irish at school; only a few informants had the opportunity to speak it at home, but even then the language was not used outside class on a regular basis. The study showed that most deviations in the distribution of palatalised and non-palatalised consonants in the speech of Dublin bilinguals were of the palatalisation absence type. Such deviations were especially frequent next to back and mid-back vowels. On the other hand, a palatalised consonant was often pronounced instead of a non-palatalised one next to a front vowel. Previous research suggests that these tendencies also apply in weak positions (Snesareva 2014a; 2014b). Consequently, even though in traditional Irish dialects palatalisation is not position-bound, in the speech of Dublin bilinguals there is correlation between the palatalisation of a consonant and the quality of its neighbouring vowel. However, such consonant distribution was not encountered in all contexts: even those informants whose speech had deviations used palatalisation properly in some contexts. This means that position-bound use of palatalisation is still a tendency rather than an entrenched feature of Dublin Irish.

English Language Teaching and Intercultural Communication Competence

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Xiaochi Zhang ◽  
Jinjing ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Intercultural Communication Competence ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses about the relationship between linguistic competence and intercultural communication competence, and then about the functions of English language teaching in improving students’ intercultural communication competence. Finally, it explores how to develop English language learners’ intercultural communication competence in English language teaching and gives some useful suggestions, so as to really realize the final objective of English language teaching.

scholarly journals A cognitive approach to teaching deictic motion verbs to German and Italian students of Spanish

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Marina Anna Colasacco
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Processing Instruction ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Students First ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Method Of Instruction

AbstractIn this study we compare two instruction approaches (cognitive and traditional) to the teaching of Spanish deictic motion verbs –ir, venir, llevarandtraer– to German and Italian learners. We also analyse whether the students’ first language (Italian or German) influences the results of the cognitive methodology we applied. The Cognitive Instruction combined the basic principles of Cognitive Grammar with those of Processing Instruction for activities in which students practice both comprehension and production. We carried out a survey of 274 university students who were learning Spanish (Level B1) at universities in Italy and Germany. Students carried out a test prior to receiving the instruction and three tests subsequently, one immediately afterwards, the second a week later and the third, a month later. The cognitive methodology proved to be beneficial and positive. The students who received cognitive instruction made better form-meaning connections and showed higher performances in the use of deictic motion verbs than those who received traditional instruction. The learners’ L1 did not appear to influence the results of the groups that received the cognitive method of instruction.

Production vs. Comprehension: Differences in Underlying Competences

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Flynn
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Production Test ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Comprehension Tests

In this paper empirical data are presented that demonstrate significant differences in the manner in which two commonly used experimental tasks evaluate developing linguistic competence in adult second language (L2) learners. Results indicate that production tests principally evaluate a learner's developing structural competence in the L2. On the other hand, comprehension tests provide a less direct measure of structural competence and are significantly influenced by pragmatic context.Fifty-one adult Spanish speakers at three levels of ESL ability were tested in both their elicited imitation (production) and act-out (comprehension) of complex sentences that were structurally identical. The stimuli varied in terms of the pre- and post-posing of a subordinate adverbial when clause and in terms of the direction of pronoun anaphora (forward and backward). Results from the production test indicate a significant effect of directionality, i.e., a preference for forward pronouns in post-posed clauses at the intermediate level. Results from the comprehension test did not show a significant directionality constraint at any level. They did, however, demonstrate a significant effect due to the use of a biasing pragmatic lead. Such findings are comparable to those found in early first language acquisition (Lust, Loveland, & Kornet, 1980). Implications of these findings for experimental methodology are discussed.

scholarly journals Contemporary Judeo–Spanish Poetry for Young Readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka August-Zarębska
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
First Language ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
First Century ◽  
Spanish Poetry ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Everyday Communication

AbstractThis article presents contemporary Judeo-Spanish poetry for children in the context of the postvernacular mode (when the language is not used any more in everyday communication) of the language. It discusses the poetry collections of three authors who have published Judeo-Spanish poems in the twenty-first century: Ada Gattegno-Saltiel, Avner Perez, and Sarah Aroeste, as well as the project Yeladino, which is an anthology of Judeo-Spanish translations of Hebrew poems. It analyses the books and projects in terms of their subject matter, language, and poetic devices, as well as the relation of some of them with music, theatre-music performance, and educational activities. The paper raises the question of audience of this poetry, allowing for the fact that nowadays there are no children learning Judeo-Spanish as their first language, and that the language itself is considered severely endangered. The paper states the presence of the dual address in these books, i.e. to children and adults, both on the level of implied and real audience.

scholarly journals The Competency-Based Approach to Passing First Certificate in English

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Ivanivna Kostikova ◽  
Tetiana Viediernikova ◽  
Liudmyla Holubnycha ◽  
Svitlana Miasoiedova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Language For Specific Purposes ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In this article the influence of competency-based approach of foreign language teaching to successful passing First Certificate in English (FCE) has been shown and the empirical analysis of the effectiveness of this approach for students of non-linguistic specialties has been conducted. The range of research methods (theoretical, empirical, statistical) has been used to reach the research purpose and justify the research finding. It has been confirmed that the most relevant type of a competency-based approach to teaching a foreign language for specific purposes is the communicative competency-based one. The linguistic competence, which is considered by authors to be the central multicomponent notion has been defined and characterized from the perspective of teaching English as a foreign language. The linguistic competence is based on five practical competences: Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Use of English. To check the effectiveness of the applying competency-based approach of teaching foreign language (English) for specific purposes the empirical (diagnostic) methods such as: testing (oral and written), observation, discussion were used; the pedagogical experiment was also conducted with the students. Statistical methods (Student’s t-test) helped to evaluate the results of the pedagogical experiment. The t-value result ranged from 3 to 4.7 shows the difference between the sample data and the null hypothesis that is significant, which proves the statistical importance of the obtained results.

scholarly journals An experimental study on the effect of systemic functional linguistics applied through a genre-pedagogy approach to teaching writing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Olaug Horverak
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
First Language ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Grammar Instruction ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Argumentative Essays ◽  
Explicit Grammar Instruction

Abstract In the tradition of teaching English as a second language, there has been an increased interest in how functional language descriptions and understandings of genres may be used as resources for making meaning. The present study investigates what impact writing instruction that draws upon systemic functional linguistics (SFL) applied through a genre-pedagogy approach has on students’ ability to write argumentative essays. This includes explicit grammar instruction inspired by SFL, as well as instruction on text structure. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, with a quasi-experiment followed up by quantitative and qualitative analyses of the collected material. Statistical analyses indicate a significant positive effect on writing performance in the intervention groups, regardless of gender, first language and previous level of writing. As the study lacks control groups, the quantitative analysis was complemented with examples from student texts to illustrate the improvement revealed in the statistical analysis. The findings suggest that SFL applied through a genre-pedagogy approach to teaching writing may help students to improve their writing skills.

scholarly journals Metalinguistic reflections and discourse practices of Central Ukraine residents

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-48
Author(s):  
O. M.  Palinska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The University ◽  
Everyday Communication

The article dwells upon the metalinguistic reflections of the inhabitants of Central Ukraine, who use in their everyday communication Ukrainian and Russian languages, as well as Ukrainian-Russian mixed speech (URMS). Based on a closed-ended questionnaire, as well as open-ended semi-structured interviews (a research project of the University of Oldenburg in 2014), I studied both implicit (self-translations) and explicit (characteristics in the categories of ‟own / foreign”, reflections on language codes) metalinguistic reflections. The speakers self-translate into Ukrainian and Russian almost equally (though with some predominance in favour of Russian). There is a statistically significant correlation between the direction of self-translations and some socio-demographic parameters of the respondents, namely: region, first language, age group, type of settlement where the respondents live, education level. The gender of the respondents, the subcorpus (semiformal interviews or informal family conversations), as well as the type of the settlement where the respondents have grown up, do not show a statistically significant correlation with the direction of self-translations. The respondents mostly refer to the URMS as ‟their” language code (‟po-našomu”), contrasting it with other regional substandards or dialects, or even standard languages – Ukrainian and Russian (‟po-jixn’omu”), rarely – structurally more distant foreign languages (‟ne po-našomu”). The statements about the URMS are dominated by a positive attitude to the mixed variety, which is explained by its convenience, familiarity, and ease of use. The analysis of both the closed-ended survey and the open-ended interviews demonstrated that the respondents mostly consider the URMS as a variant of the Ukrainian language, focusing on its vocabulary, less often on its morphological or phonetic features.

scholarly journals Reframing less conventional speech to disrupt conventions of "compulsory fluency": A conversation analysis approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Duque ◽  
Bonnie Lashewicz
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Critical Disability Studies ◽  
Individual Ability

Our purpose is to illuminate compliances with, and resistances to, what we are calling "compulsory fluency" which we define as conventions for what constitutes competent speech. We achieve our purpose through a study of day-to-day communication between a woman with less conventional speech and her support providing family members and friends. Drawing from McRuer's (2006) compulsory ablebodiedness and Kafer's (2013) compulsory able-mindedness, we use "compulsory fluency" to refer to a form of articulation that is standardized and idealized and imposed on all speakers including those whose speech is less conventional. We see compulsory fluency as central to North American conceptions of personhood which are tied to individual ability to speak for one's self (Brueggemann, 2005). In this paper, we trace some North American principles for linguistic competence to outline widely held ideals of receptive and expressive language use, namely, conventions for how language should be understood and expressed. Using Critical Disability Studies (Goodley, 2013; McRuer, 2006) together with a feminist framework of relational autonomy (Nedelsky, 1989), our goal is to focus on experiences of people with less conventional speech and draw attention to power in communication as it flows in idiosyncratic and intersubjective fashion (Mackenzie & Stoljar, 2000; Westlund, 2009). In other words, we use a critical disability and feminist framing to call attention to less conventional forms of communication competence and, in this process, we challenge assumptions about what constitutes competent speech. As part of a larger qualitative study, we conduct a conversation analysis informed by Rapley and Antaki (1996) to examine day-to-day verbal, vocal and non-verbal communications of a young woman who self identifies as "having autism" - pseudonym Addison - in interaction with her support-providing family members and friends. We illustrate a multitude of Addison's compliances with, and resistances to, compulsory fluency to bring awareness to competence inherent in less conventional speech and we argue this illumination as a call for listening with greater care and more open expectations in efforts to understand, and participate in the expression of, meanings embedded in less conventional speech.

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