COL5A1 Serves as a Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis and May Be a Potential Therapeutic Target in Gliomas

Glioma is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system. Although advances in surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been achieved in the last decades, the prognosis of gliomas is still dismal. COL5A1 is one of the collagen members with minor content but prominent functions. The present study examined the biological functions, prognostic value, and gene-associated tumor-infiltrating immune cells of COL5A1 through experiments and bioinformatics analysis. We found that the overexpression of COL5A1 was positively correlated with the increasing tumor malignancies and indicated poor prognosis in gliomas. Moreover, downregulation of COL5A1 could inhibit proliferation and migration of glioma cells and enhance their temozolomide sensitivities in vitro. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that COL5A1 and its co-expressed genes participated in a number of pathways and biological processes involved in glioma progression. Finally, we evaluated the tumor-infiltrating immune cells of gliomas depending on COL5A1 and found that the percentages of the dendritic cells, which were known as the central mediator of tumor microenvironment in gliomas, were positively associated with the expression levels of COL5A1. Taken together, COL5A1 is an important biomarker and potential therapeutic target of gliomas.

Content of rare earth elements in basalt aggregate from Winna Góra, Poland

Seek for new Rare Earth Elements (REE) sources encourage looking for easily available sources located in Europe. REE in evolved magmatic systems are predominantly associated with alkali environments. Therefore, it was decided to identify the content of REE in alkali igneous rocks of the Winna Góra basalt quarry located in Lower Silesia, Poland. In this study, a commercially available basalt aggregate from Winna Góra deposit located in the south-western part of Poland near Jawornik was examined for REE content. Mineral content and chemical composition were examined with a light microscope, XRD and XRF, whereas trace element content was measured with the ICP-MS technique. A new method of sample preparation for the purpose of REE identification in basalt aggregate based on pressure microwave mineralisation was developed. Mineral composition and TAS diagram classify aggregate as tephrite. The mineral composition of samples reflects typical mafic and ultramafic rocks. Quantitative mineralogical analysis by the Rietveld method showed that the main minerals are anorthite (46.7%) and augite (37.4%) with a minor content of forsterite (7.5%), nepheline (7.4%) and apatite below 1%. The total content of REE does not exceed 132 ppm. Chondrite normalised curves show the highest concentration of La and Pr. In the case of HREE, the majority of elements (Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) concentrations were below 1 ppm, a Tm and Lu were not detected. The low enrichment in HREE was also reflected in La/Gd ratios. Obtained results are comparable to the REE contents in the western part of the Cenozoic European Volcanic Province.

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ENZIM DIASTASE PADA MADU SINGKONG HASIL PROSES VACUUM EVAPORATION DAN VACUUM COOLING

Honey that has a moisture content above 22% should be done moisture reduction process. reduction of water content is done so that honey does not undergo fermentation and has a longer shelf life. One of the ways that can be used to reduce water content in honey is evaporation. Evaporation is of converting some of the water content in the material into steam by utilizing temperatures close to the boiling point of water. However, the minor content of honey, such as the diastase enzyme, is very sensitive to high temperatures. Therefore, vacuum evaporation is used so that the process uses a lower temperature to minimize the damage to the diastase enzyme. The research method was carried out in 3 stages, namely sampling, evaporation process, and sample testing. The results of this study indicate that the process of vacuum evaporation and vacuum cooling can change the proximate content of cassava honey to comply with SNI.

Središnje i rubno u poučavanju hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika

Teaching Croatian as a foreign language (CFL) significantly differs from the teaching of Croatian as a first language, and the differences arise from the fact that it is intended for different recipients, and that it most often takes place in substantially different contexts. This dissimilarity is largely reflected in the choice of learning materials in the approach to teaching and the progression of teaching, most notably in distinguishing what is considered crucial in teaching from what is considered minor. This paper presents the distribution of teaching materials in terms of those which are considered crucial in the teaching of CFL, and those which are considered minor. Crucial content is considered to be anything that encourages the development of communication competence, i.e. productive grammar, the semantics of grammatical forms, the lexicon of different styles and registers which are involved in everyday communication, as well as paralinguistic content, while minor content is considered to be standardized-prescriptivist questions and disputes, accentuation (except regarding the place of stress), as well as everything that requires the introduction of the metalevel in the teaching of language. In addition to that it is important to bear in mind that this is not a matter of „either … or,“ but rather a gradient distribution along a scale, which largely depends on the degree of linguistic competence at which the teaching takes place, the context of instruction, and the purpose for which CFL is studied. This means that the assessment of whether instructional content is crucial or minor in teaching is made on the basis of the different circumstances in which the teaching takes place – for example whether it is an academic program or course, whether general language or a specialized type of language is being taught, whether the teaching takes place in a program with a large number of lessons or a few, what level of linguistic competence is involved, whether the teachers are with linguistically homogenous or heterogenous groups of learners, what the learning outcomes are, and so on. In comparison with teaching Croatian as a first language, the teaching of CFL is very different and the approach to its instruction is specific, and therefore requires special training and specialization.

New data on sulphosalts from the hydrothermal siderite-type veins in the Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts. (eastern Slovakia): 2. Jaskólskiite and associated sulphosalts from the Aurélia II vein near Rožňava

New samples of jaskólskiite were recently collected at the Aurélia II siderite-type hydrothermal vein with sulphides near Rožňava, Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts., Rožňava Co., Košice Region, Slovakia. It forms lead-gray, irregular aggregates up to 1.5 × 1 cm in size, which are enclosed in quartz-siderite gangue. Aggregates of jaskólskiite are consisting of individual, subhedral acicular crystals to 2 mm long, strongly replaced by younger bournonite and associated with Bi-rich jamesonite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), tintinaite, native bismuth and ullmannite. Significant variation of Cu (from 0.04 to 0.23 apfu) and Bi contents (from 0.32 to 0.77 apfu) was observed in studied sample. The average (n = 69 analyses) empirical formula of jaskólskiite from Rožňava-Aurélia vein based on Pb+Bi+Sb = 4 apfu is corresponding to Pb2.11Cu0.13(Sb1.42Bi0.47)1.89S5.14. Bi-rich jamesonite is the most common sulphosalt at the studied locality and it forms prismatic crystals up to 2 cm or irregular aggregates to 3 cm in size. The Bi content in jamesonite is ranging between 0.49 to 1.69 apfu. Bournonite is also common and two compositional types were distinguished. The first, dominant type is represented by Bi-rich bournonite (containing up to 0.14 apfu Bi). The second type of bournonite, represented by thin ribbons shows significant enrichment in As (reaching up to 0.49 apfu), but has only minor content of Bi (up to 0.08 apfu). Tintinaite is rare and its average (n = 9) empirical formula based on sum of all atoms = 63 apfu is corresponding to (Pb9.67Ag0.06)9.73(Cu2.55Fe0.40Zn0.07)3.02(Sb10.19Bi5.37)15.56S34.59Cl0.10.

THE CONTENTS OF SOME GROUPS OF COMPOUNDS IN THE LEAVES AND RHIZOMES OF IRIS HYBRIDA HORT. SORT CORONATION

The paper presents comparative data on the content of biologically active in the vegetative organs of Iris hybrida cultivar Coronation. First described the results of a study of the contents of the spare substances (sugar, starch), saponins, ascorbic acid, pectin (pectin, protopectin), phenolic compounds (catechins, flavonols) in leaves and rhizomes of plants of the variety Coronation. The quantitative content of the main groups of substances in underground and aboveground organs during the growing season, flowering and fruiting. Found that the presence of ascorbic acid in the leaves of Iris hybrida varieties of Coronation higher than in the rhizomes in 10–24 times during the growing season, 5.4–9 times the period of flowering, 2.5 to 6.3 times in the period of fruiting. The pectin content was 2–8 times less than protopectin in leaves and rhizomes of plants. Catechins differed in minor content (0.014–0.48%). Saponins in the leaves (21.86–30.27%) and rhizomes (14.86–30.27%) showed high content in the period of regrowth and flowering in cool-moist 2013–14 Sugars in the leaves found in 5–14 times more than the rhizomes during the period of fruiting. The pre-winter amount of starch in the rhizomes were relatively stable and had high rates from 17.5 to 28.3% in all years of observations. The identified variability is biologically active and spare substances in the vegetative organs of Iris hybrida varieties of Coronation in connection with seasonal development.

Carbon dot based nanopowders and their application for fingerprint recovery

Hybrid nanopowders with a minor content of non-toxic carbogenic nanoparticles exhibit remarkable colour-tuneability with respect to the incident radiation.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-Mo-Sn Alloys

The phase constitution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of TiMoSn alloys were investigated by means of XRD, tensile test, electrochemical measurement and XPS techniques. The XRD analysis results showed that at room temperature TiMoSn alloys are mainly composed of β phase, with minor content of α" phase, in as-cast and solid solution treated conditions. The tensile test results indicate that the elastic moduli of the Ti-Mo-Sn alloys are in the range of 52~74GPa. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that TiMoSn alloys have excellent corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid. The XPS analysis results reveal that the passive films of TiMoSn alloys after polarization consist of TiO2, SnO2 and Mo2O5.