Jednomandatowe okręgi wyborcze w wyborach do Senatu RP (2011–2019) – problem wagi głosu

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(163) ◽  
pp. 153-179
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stec ◽  
Grzegorz Szwałek
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Electoral Law

The issue of electoral law in elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland arouses great interest among lawyers, political scientists and representatives of exact sciences (especially mathematicians). Both the fundamental principles of electoral law and the principles guiding the basic elements of the electoral system were included in the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. These provisions are not numerous, although crucial for the construction of the electoral system. The wrong tendency and practice of making changes to the electoral law just before the election prompted the legislator to introduce single-mandate constituencies. The adoption of the Electoral Code was also aimed at avoiding the manipulation of changes in constituencies under the influence of poll results, and highlighted the problem of implementing the constitutional provisions in this matter. Unfortunately, the literature on the subject often underestimates the weight of the vote and the estimation of voting power, which translates into the construction of a fair electoral system. The authors tried to present in the article changes in the electoral system against the background of domestic and foreign experience, using methods characteristic of the humanities and sciences.

scholarly journals Parytety i kwoty wyborcze a Konstytucja RP

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Krzysztof URBANIAK
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electoral Law

The issue of intensifying female participation in public life, and particularly in political life, has recently been the subject of lively discussions, in particular in the social sciences. The number of female candidates on the election ballots for representative organs is clearly insufficient in comparison to the size of the female electorate, as well as the abilities, skills and intellectual potential women occupy. This problem has also been widely discussed in Poland. As a result of these quite heated disputes and discussions, accompanied by an interesting exchange of views on the doctrine of electoral law, an instrument to increase female representation on election ballots (a quota system) was introduced into the Polish electoral system. The subject of this paper, however, is not the issue of the grounds or justification for the legal instruments applied, or an assessment of the activities of the state authorities or the institutions of public life in this respect. Rather, the paper analyzes the legal solutions introduced in Poland in order to increase the political participation of women from the point of view of their conformity with the regulations of the Constitution of the Polish Republic. For this purpose, the author refers both to the doctrine of constitutional law and the adjudications of the Constitutional Tribunal. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the ‘compensatory privilege’, introduced in law, is highly questionable in terms of its conformity with the Polish Constitution. In this light an amendment to the Constitution would be recommended, providing a constitu- tional status to the provisions on equality.

scholarly journals Historical experience of the reforms of taxation of private entities in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-83
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leonidovna Ishchuk ◽  
Ayagyul Serikovna Baimukhametova
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Universal Instrument ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The object of this research is the reform process of taxation of private entities based on the Russian, Kazakh and other foreign experience. The subject of this research is the set of legal, organizational and economic measures pertinent ti the reforms taxation of private entities aimed at ensuring fairness and further positive development of tax system of Russia and Kazakhstan. The author determines the patterns in periodicity of conducting reforms, success and mistakes in their implementation from the perspective of the theory of taxation, tax regulation, and theory of reforms. The article proposes an algorithm for carrying out the reform of taxation, which can serves as a universal instrument for reforms of the entire tax system or its separate elements. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive study of the reforms of taxation of private entities based on the Russian, Kazakh and other foreign experience for the period from 1991 to 2020 within the framework of decennial cycle ended with the crises, which allowed detecting the merits and flaws and proposing a unique sequential algorithm for conducting taxation reform. Articulation and substantiation of the goals, as desired state of the system of taxation of private entities, vectors of its transformations and development, requires their precise formulation, quantification and implementation.

scholarly journals Spiritual and Practical Factors of the Institution of Elections and Electoral Law Reforms in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Electoral Law

The article discusses the history of the development of the electoral process and the electoral legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors analyzed the ideas, teachings of thinkers and scientists about elections. Attention is also paid to foreign experience. It is emphasized that elections have a symbolic meaning, being the main means of legitimizing power in a democratic state. The purpose of the study is a socio-philosophical study of the essence of mass consciousness in a democratized modern society. New legislation on elections in the Republic of Uzbekistan is considered

scholarly journals Polish electoral system to self local government – changes and effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-281
Author(s):  
Beata Słobodzian
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electoral Law

Abstract Poland as a young democracy is supported by extensive experience of mature democratic systems. Poland is still seeking reasonable and effective solutions regarding its electoral system. The right for electing the representatives of authority bodies is one of the fundamentals of democracy. This right entitles citizens for active public participation through expressing their support (votes) for candidates, which will respectively represent their voters in certain institutions. Polish electoral law, which regulates the local self-government elections is very controversial. The existing legal rules have been changed many times since 2011. Among the subjects being discussed are electoral campaigns, and candidate registration rules and organization of elections. Frequent changes in the electoral law result in misunderstandings and an unwillingness to participate in elections. Their effect is low voter turnout and a large number of invalid votes. Regardless of the above, it is worth to consider, why the Electoral Code was prepared so chaotically and without any further discussion? Why before the forthcoming elections to the European Parliament and municipalities planned for 2014 it was not possible to be assured about the electoral regulations, which were the subject of numerous changes?

DEVELOPMENT OF INOVATION FORMS IN INNOVATION DEVELOPING COUNTRYS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
M. Mirzakarimova ◽  
◽  
L.S. Azimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Development ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Republic

In article it is studied the forms of employment, used of foreign experience of innovation development, the article analyzes variants of use in the republic

ELECTION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The State ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Election System ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses the general characteristics of the electoral system of Kazakhstan by the example of elections of the President of the Republic, the Senate of the Parliament of Kazakhstan and deputies of the Mazhilis. The features of dividing this system into majority and proportional are also disclosed. The article analyzes the features of the appointment and conduct of elections and the principles on which they are based. It is also shown how the active activity of the state in the field of legal education of young people and their familiarization with the electoral system affects the high participation rates of citizens in elections.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

BASIC ASPECTS OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF THE STATE IN THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
B. Kh. ALIYEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the current state of the fiscal policy of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which is a combination of diverse economic management measures based on the distribution and redistribution of financial flows. The analysis of fiscal policy on the example of the subject of the Russian Federation (Republic of Dagestan). The article outlines the problematic issues of the tax policy of the Republic of Dagestan and suggests ways to overcome the identified problems.

Determination of integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodating the evacuated population in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097028
Author(s):  
Yernar Zh Akimbayev ◽  
Zhumabek Kh Akhmetov ◽  
Murat S Kuanyshbaev ◽  
Arman T Abdykalykov ◽  
Rashid V Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country’s security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district’s resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods.

Electoral system of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the study of legislation on the electoral system of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The work reveals the significance of the people’s kurultai and the features of the activities of the deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh. In the course of studying this topic, differences with the electoral system of the Russian Federation will be highlighted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document