Proces legislacyjny na sejmach w czasach Jana III Sobieskiego (1674–1696)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(167) ◽  
pp. 141-169
Author(s):  
Robert Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Speaker Of The House ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Out of a total of 12 Sejms which assembled during the reign of Jan III Sobieski (1674–96), half passed constitutions (laws). At that time the legislative initiative belonged predominantly to the monarch and the nobility (via sejmiks instructions), although other persons could also present projects of constitutions in the form of supplications. The king’s programme proposed in pre-Sejm documents was rather sparse, with Jan III attempting to avoid controversial points, which he promoted unofficially through the intermediary of the sejmiks, at which his adherents guarded the interests of the royal court. The distinctive feature of parliamentary work carried out during this period was a transference of the burden of the debate on the creation of law to the time of the conclusions (debates held by joint estates), which instead of the statutory five days lasted for as much as over ten weeks or more. For this reason participants in the debate included also senators and the king. The characteristic aspect of the debates as such was their extremely low efficacy – the outcome of the fact that particular constitutions had to be accepted by all persons attending the Sejm sessions and the increasingly frequent blocking of debates by members of particular political camps since absolute unanimity also as regards procedural issues remained binding. In 1679 the opposition managed to introduce an obligatory oath to be sworn by the marshal of the Sejm (speaker of the house) and constitution legislators (who edited the final texts of constitutions) – this was to limit the king’s influence in the Chamber of Deputies. The new regulation, however, did not produce actual benefits, and the scale of deceptions committed in the course of post-Sejm sessions held by the constitution deputation was much larger than in previous years. The last years of the reign of Jan III brought a progressive obstruction of Sejm debates, and in the 1690s resulted in the paralysis of this institution.

scholarly journals Propuesta para la reorganización pluridepartamental del Perú

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Nissim Alcabés ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basins ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

This paper discusses the transition from the present single-department regions to a structure of multiple-department regions. It discusses the convenience of creating a pilot region and provides some criteria to create multi-department regions and choose the location of the regional capitals. It also provides guidelines to elect representatives to the Chamber of Deputies and the creation of a Senate. Finally, it outlines eight regions to be created by grouping several departments, and an alternative proposal to create regions based on river drainage basins.

scholarly journals Participation as Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Brelàz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Participatory Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Brazil has been the locus for the implementation of various participatory tools and spaces after the period of democratization and promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. Many studies have been carried out to discuss the importance of these spaces and, more recently, the quality of participation and the impact on strengthening democracy (Avritzer, 2009; Dagnino, 2011; Lavalle, 2011). In May 2014, Decree 8.243 of the Presidency of the Republic sought to establish the National Social Participation Policy (NSPP) and the National Social Participation System (NSPS), with the objective of consolidating participation as a method of government through the organization of forums and social participation and other existing mechanisms in the federal government. The decree generated controversy and discussion in the media and by the Chamber of Deputies. The creation of a national social participation policy in 2014 represented an innovation that must be studied in depth, raising its potential and limitations. Based on the literature review, this article aims to: (i) present the trajectory of NSPP (ii) and analyze the attempt to institutionalize NPSP through the lens of Scott's regulatory, normative and cognitive pillars (2001, 2008), in order to identify and characterize the variables that influenced the process. The regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive pillars emerge from a refinement of institutional theory and contribute in an important way to the systematization of institutional analysis. Analyzing from the pillars' point of view, it is possible to say that the decree was the regulating pillar of institutionalization. However, there were opposing normative and cultural cognitive variables that culminated in its non-approval in the Chamber of Deputies and in not institutionalizing this public policy. This study aimed to show how regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive elements worked together and materialized through different variables that impacted the NSPP non-institutionalization, contributing to understand the challenges that exist in the creation of a social participation policy, the fragility of some participation mechanisms in Brazil and the tension between participatory democracy and representative democracy. In the future, more analysis must be carried out to better understand the institutionalization of a participatory policy and system at the national level, taking into account new existent bills that deal with the subject.

scholarly journals WSPÓŁCZESNY DRAMAT UKRAIŃSKI WOBEC WOJNY: NA PRZYKŁADZIE SZTUKI NATALII WOROŻBYT ZŁE DROGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
ANDRIEJ MOSKWIN
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Royal Court Theatre ◽  
Catastrophic Impact

The subject of this study is the play Bad roads (2017) written by the Ukrainian playwright Natalya Vorozhbit. The text was commissioned by the Royal Court Theatre (London). It was also staged in Kiev and received the award for “Best Direction” (Tamara Trunova, GRA Festival, 2019). The action in the drama takes place during the war in eastern Ukraine in 2014-2016. The writer visited these areas and conducted many interviews. In Bad roads N. Vorozhbit focuses not on warfare but on the catastrophic impact of war on everyday life. The author is interested in how war damages the human mentality and psyche, how it influences building interpersonal relationships in new conditions, how war produces the desire to hurt people close to us, as well as unfamiliar ones, and how it affects the formation of intimate relationships. It is significant that an important role in the drama was intended for women and aspects such as love, sex and erotic feelings. The author of the publication focuses on the three most important problems raised in the text: violence, trauma and the creation of a hero (first glorification and then de-heroisation).

scholarly journals SŁUŻBY OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW W POLSCE – USYTUOWANIE PRAWNE OD 1918 R. DO DZIŚ, PERSPEKTYWA ZMIAN OD 2017R.

2016 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Jacek Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Historic Monuments ◽  
The Government

In Poland, protection of historic monuments and sites is nearly one hundred years old and it has got a highly distinctive feature – the more recent the events are, the more frequent and more profound changes can be observed; the most significant ones take place in the 1990s . In general, it can be said that the organisation of historic preservation service remained constant at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.Administrative bodies responsible for historic preservation are still organised under the Act of 23 July 2003 on Protection and Guardianship of Monuments and Sites. This organisational system, however, is no longer fully effective in Poland.It is therefore necessary to change legislation under which the vertical organisational structure of conservation administration would be restored - with one General Historic Preservation Officer (being still the secretary or undersecretary of state in the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage) to whom several regional historic preservation officers are directly responsible and subordinate. Members of staff of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage undertook a legislative initiative aimed at achieving this objective. As a result, on 25 January 2016 the government decided to begin works amending the Act on Protection and Guardianship of Monuments and Sites.

Prudent Deferment: Cosmographer-Chronicler Juan López de Velasco and the Historiography of the Indies

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe E. Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Spanish American ◽  
High Point ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines why the first Chief Cosmographer-Chronicler of the Indies, Juan López de Velasco (c. 1530–1598), did not fulfill his historiographic duty of writing a general history of the Indies. It argues that although Velasco's tenure (1571-1591) at the Council of the Indies saw a high point in the accumulation of historiographic knowledge and information about Castile's Spanish-American possessions, the structural peculiarities of the cosmographer-chronicler's office disposed Velasco to prudently eschew writing an official history of the Indies. To appreciate and understand those peculiarities, the article focuses on three interrelated factors: the patronage networks at the royal court and their relation to monarchical bureaucracy; the Council of the Indies administrative reforms that led to the creation of the chief cosmographer-chronicler's office; and the climate of secrecy and censorship regarding knowledge of the Indies during Philip II's reign. The overarching emphasis, however, entails a consideration of the relationship between knowledge about Castile's American territories and monarchical bureaucracy, from the perspective of the Habsburg royal court in Madrid.

The Umayyad Empire and the Establishment of a Royal Court, 661–750

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Taef El-Azhari
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Women Rulers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
To Come

This chapter discusses the huge and rapid military expansion of the Arab Umayyads and its impact on genders. It resulted in the creation of massive numbers of women taken as slaves- sabaya- which was permitted according to the classical reading of the Qur’an. Men on the other hand, refuse to apply the same right of women according to the Qur’an. The only woman to come forward to fight Umayyad invasion, was Queen Dihya of the Berbers in North Africa. The Umayyad failed to learn from such model, and Muslims who came afterwards did not attempt to follow such example of women rulers. The Umayyads tried to follow the Prophet’s model of political marriage to boost their rule, using women as a trophy. Caliph al-Walid II created his realm of desires gathering thousands of concubines around him, which some had limited political influence. On the other hands, one see the usage of eunuchs as guards to the harem section, following the Prophet’s model.

The Origin and Early History of the Writs of Entry

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-556
Author(s):  
Joseph Biancalana
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Early History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation

The writs of entry are of interest chiefly because they offer an example of how, in the first century of its history, the common law grew by the creation of new writs. The first writs of entry were among the earliest writs to be invented after the legal reforms of Henry II. Further writs of entry were created after 1217. The distinctive feature of a writ of entry was that it challenged what plaintiff thought was the basis of defendant's claim to the land in dispute. A writ of entry alleged that defendant “had no entry” into the land other than by a transaction or taking that did not authorize him to hold the land.

scholarly journals PRAYER AS A FORM OF MANIFESTATION OF A SPECIFIC SACRIFICE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TEXTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT PRAYERS-BLESSINGS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
SVETLANA N. VOROBYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Textual Organization ◽  
Text Formation ◽  
Spiritual Communication ◽  
The Universe

The article studies a prayer as a special form of interpersonal religious communication, the distinctive feature of which is the involvement of representatives of different worlds in the communicative process: the sacred and the profane. The philological analysis focuses on the Old Testament prayers - the blessings of God addressed to the first people Adam and Eve, as well as to the Old Testament saints Noah, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. The study shows that the texts belong to the genre of prayer, as we have the relevant structural-semantic and functional features that identify it as text in this genre (the presence of the addresser and the addressee, the communicative goal; particular situation of communication; mechanism of text formation, etc.). The prayer of blessing is a form of expression of the specific victim, an example of which is the perfect love of God that caused the creation of the Universe and return the feeling of a man. Analyzing the biblical material, the author of the article comes to the following conclusions: 1) the divine word, the blessing is a manifestation of perfect love, through which covered not only the process of creation, but the creation itself; 2) appellative text directs the addressee to commit post-communistic action, which is directly connected with the implementation of the divine will, a manifestation of humility - certificate of perfect love on the part of the person; 3) the instrument of text formation prayers-blessings mechanism is deployed variable repetition; 4) the Old Testament model of prayer becomes a model of the textual organization of spiritual communication between God and man, man and God...

scholarly journals Transept zachodni w romańskiej katedrze św. św. Wita, Wacława i Wojciecha na Praskim Grodzie

PRAEHISTORICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Kamila Oles
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
European Architecture

The Romanesque Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert in Prague was erected as a double-chancel basilica with western transept. Occidental transverse nave and two choirs is intrinsic and distinctive feature of this basilica that indicates architectural ideas from which the Cathedral had originated. Alas, the basilica has, hitherto, been rather interpreted in isolation and without considering the broader European architecture context and by detaching the western transept from its topographic context. This has discouraged scholars from rigorous analysis of the origins of the form, which resulted in the creation of arbitrary and stereotypical narrative instead. This paper presents new interpretation of the Cathedral which tracks the links between the basilica and double-choir churches with western transept in Central Europe. In addition, this research builds on spatial analysis which identifies the relationships between the Cathedral and the landform of Prague Castle.

scholarly journals THE MYTHOPOETICS OF 1980s VISIONARY ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Olga M. Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Crystal Glass ◽  
Material World ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
The Creation

The term “visionary architecture” (“paper architecture” in Russian) is used to characterize conceptual projects that cannot be implemented for a number of reasons. Although unrealized, the visionary architecture of the 1980s is a real treasury of ideas for modern architectural practice. The distinctive feature of visionary architecture projects is thematic diversity and abundance of “eternal archetypes” and metaphors rooted in mythological images of ancient art. As in mythological programs, the visionary architects of the 1980s created a virtual space – a model of the world preceding the creation of objects of the material world. Being inside this model, the viewer does not just see the imaginary world but becomes part of it. In their projects, the visionary architects reproduce the mythological image of the World Mountain using architectural metaphors: a tower house, a crystal (glass) tower, the Tower of Babel, the World Axis, a skyscraper. A study of this visionary architecture from the perspective of mythopoetics reveals its semantic value.

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