scholarly journals Transept zachodni w romańskiej katedrze św. św. Wita, Wacława i Wojciecha na Praskim Grodzie

PRAEHISTORICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Kamila Oles
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
European Architecture

The Romanesque Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert in Prague was erected as a double-chancel basilica with western transept. Occidental transverse nave and two choirs is intrinsic and distinctive feature of this basilica that indicates architectural ideas from which the Cathedral had originated. Alas, the basilica has, hitherto, been rather interpreted in isolation and without considering the broader European architecture context and by detaching the western transept from its topographic context. This has discouraged scholars from rigorous analysis of the origins of the form, which resulted in the creation of arbitrary and stereotypical narrative instead. This paper presents new interpretation of the Cathedral which tracks the links between the basilica and double-choir churches with western transept in Central Europe. In addition, this research builds on spatial analysis which identifies the relationships between the Cathedral and the landform of Prague Castle.

Kant’s Contradiction in Conception Test

Theoria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (152) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
James Furner
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Logical Contradiction ◽  
Hybrid View ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Universal Law

AbstractThe contradiction in conception test (CC test) is one of two tests posed by Kant’s Formula of the Law of Nature. This article proposes a new interpretation of this test: a causal-teleological version of the Logical Contradiction Interpretation (LCI). Its distinctive feature is that it identifies causal and teleological implications in the thought of a universal law of nature. A causal-teleological version of LCI has two advantages. While the established view of the Groundwork’s applications of the CC test is a hybrid view that treats the Groundwork’s arguments as different in kind, a causal-teleological version of LCI unifies the Groundwork’s applications of the CC test. Relatedly, a causal-teleological version of LCI provides a solution to the problem of how the CC test can confirm the impermissibility of a self-directed maxim.

Central Europe, 1850–1871

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
German Empire ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Papal States ◽  
The Church

This chapter explains that it took a third seismic event to enact full emancipation in central Europe. Within a little over two decades, the creation of the Dual Monarchy and the unifications of Germany and Italy completed what the two previous revolutions had begun: they sufficiently dismantled the corporate and confessional state to begin creating civil societies and constitutional monarchies, however imperfect. The three developments were intimately related. Piedmont and Prussia both took to the battlefield to overcome Habsburg opposition to unification; Piedmont's success guided Prussia's ambitions. In turn, the Habsburg Empire's shattering defeats forced its restructuring. The very nature of those three developments entailed new complications. Unification and restructuring left multiple forms of inequality intact and created new ones. The struggle for equality continued in a “post-emancipation” guise. The German Empire introduced a new dualism between the federal constitution and state laws that left aspects of the Jews' status in contention and inherited forms of discrimination in place. Meanwhile, the new Kingdom of Italy had seized the Papal States; the Church opposed its very foundation. As one of the kingdom's beneficiaries, Jews became targets of intense Church opposition. Ultimately, the new Dual Monarchy unleashed competing nationalisms. Jews were caught in the conflict between various recognized “peoples” without the advantage of being one.

Aviel Roshwald, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923. New York: Routledge, 2001, xii, 273 pp.

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
Marc J. O'reilly
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
The Creation

In early 2003, President George W. Bush touted the prospects for democratization in Iraq, as well as in adjacent countries of the Middle East, following a U. S.-led invasion. He neglected to explain, however, how a country home to Kurds, Arab Sunnis, and Arab Shi'a—groups that historically have not co-existed harmoniously—would adjust to new and imposed political arrangements. Both the Shi'a, who constitute a majority, and the Kurds seek to escape Sunni oppression, omnipresent since the creation of Iraq in the 1920s. Although democracy may end Sunni privilege, Washington's commitment to the territorial integrity of Iraq will likely dissatisfy some if not many Kurds and Shi'a, who, presumably, not only expect improved representation within an Iraqi parliament but also enhanced political and cultural autonomy. Nearly a century ago, similar yearnings manifested themselves only to remain unfulfilled. This theme of dashed expectations pervades Aviel Roshwald's superb book, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923.

scholarly journals Embodying, Imagining, and Performing Displacement and Trauma in Central Europe Today

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Zarrilli
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Collaborative Performance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The University ◽  
Asian Martial Arts

This article provides an illustrated description and analysis of Speaking Stones – a collaborative performance commissioned by Theatre Asou of Graz, Austria, with UK playwright Kaite O'Reilly and director Phillip Zarrilli as a response to the increasingly xenophobic and reactionary realities of the politics of central Europe. The account interrogates the question, the dramaturgical possibilities, and the performative premise which guided the creation of Speaking Stones. Phillip Zarrilli is internationally known for training actors through Asian martial arts and yoga, and as a director. In 2008 he is directing the premiere of Kaite O'Reilly's The Almond and the Seahorse for Sherman-Cymru Theatre and the Korean premiere of Sarah Kane's 4:48 Psychosis. He is also Professor of Performance Practice at the University of Exeter.

Central European defence cooperation will increase

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
First Time

Subject The Central European perspective on greater EU cooperation in defence. Significance The proposal on August 26 by German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the leaders of the Central European 'Visegrad Four' (V4) countries for the creation of a European army was the first time such a clarion call had been made collectively by EU leaders, as opposed to the more modest idea of developing European defence cooperation and capability. It is surprising that Poland was part of the initiative, given its commitment to NATO and trans-Atlantic relations, which are often taken as a reason to oppose further EU integration. Impacts Brexit has brought forth a variety of proposals to strengthen the EU's military arm. However, political and operational challenges mean that neither deeper cooperation nor a full EU army will be achieved easily, if ever. Insecurity about Russia and the US NATO commitment to Central Europe underlie the call, but cannot be meaningfully addressed soon. Poland will remain staunchly pro-NATO but must prepare for defence alternatives that can include EU forces.

scholarly journals Culture and man in the mirror of semiotic-environmental approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin
Keyword(s):  
Living Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Analysis Of Cases ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
World Development ◽  
Social Collective

This article offers the concept of culture based on the authorial version of semiotic and environmental approach. The stages of the author’s culturological research are outlined: from the semiotic concepts of “Moscow Methodological Group" to the extensive interpretation of semiotic and environmental approach, in which the core of semiosis is the patterns, and namely semiosis sets the human living environment. Based on these facts, a new interpretation of culture is proposed. At the same time, the author differentiates two types of cultures: 1) the main subject is the social collective and collective individual inseparable from the collective; 2 a person appears on the scene of history, and culture consists of the three types of individuals ‒ collective individuals, individuals, and intermediaries between individuals and collective individuals. It is underlined that since the antique culture, an important role in cultures is played by intermediaries (philosophers, pedagogues, politicians, artists), as well as by various forms of communication. Antique culture also marks differentiation of two forms of world development, one based on the creation of patterns, and the other – on modeling and scientific examination (the latter includes schematization of reality as one of essential moments). Leaning on such division, the author discusses the peculiarities of patterns and models, as well as cognition based on modeling. The theoretical and methodological reasoning and hypotheses are confirmed by the analysis of cases and structuring of methodological patterns. The article provides a sketch of the genesis of cultures from antiquity to modernity, and crisis of the latter.  

scholarly journals Creation and Spatial Analysis of 3D City Modeling based on GIS Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Heba K. Khayyal ◽  
Zaki M. Zeidan ◽  
Ashraf A. A. Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
City Modeling ◽  
City Model ◽  
The Creation

The 3D city model is one of the crucial topics that are still under analysis by many engineers and programmers because of the great advancements in data acquisition technologies and 3D computer graphics programming. It is one of the best visualization methods for representing reality. This paper presents different techniques for the creation and spatial analysis of 3D city modeling based on Geographical Information System (GIS) technology using free data sources. To achieve that goal, the Mansoura University campus, located in Mansoura city, Egypt, was chosen as a case study. The minimum data requirements to generate a 3D city model are the terrain, 2D spatial features such as buildings, landscape area and street networks. Moreover, building height is an important attribute in the 3D extrusion process. The main challenge during the creation process is the dearth of accurate free datasets, and the time-consuming editing. Therefore, different data sources are used in this study to evaluate their accuracy and find suitable applications which can use the generated 3D model. Meanwhile, an accurate data source obtained using the traditional survey methods is used for the validation purpose. First, the terrain was obtained from a digital elevation model (DEM) and compared with grid leveling measurements. Second, 2D data were obtained from: the manual digitization from (30 cm) high-resolution imagery, and deep learning structure algorithms to detect the 2D features automatically using an object instance segmentation model and compared the results with the total station survey observations. Different techniques are used to investigate and evaluate the accuracy of these data sources. The procedural modeling technique is applied to generate the 3D city model. TensorFlow & Keras frameworks (Python APIs) were used in this paper; moreover, global mapper, ArcGIS Pro, QGIS and CityEngine software were used. The precision metrics from the trained deep learning model were 0.78 for buildings, 0.62 for streets and 0.89 for landscape areas. Despite, the manual digitizing results are better than the results from deep learning, but the extracted features accuracy is accepted and can be used in the creation process in the cases not require a highly accurate 3D model. The flood impact scenario is simulated as an application of spatial analysis on the generated 3D city model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-08 Full Text: PDF

Proces legislacyjny na sejmach w czasach Jana III Sobieskiego (1674–1696)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(167) ◽  
pp. 141-169
Author(s):  
Robert Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Speaker Of The House ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Out of a total of 12 Sejms which assembled during the reign of Jan III Sobieski (1674–96), half passed constitutions (laws). At that time the legislative initiative belonged predominantly to the monarch and the nobility (via sejmiks instructions), although other persons could also present projects of constitutions in the form of supplications. The king’s programme proposed in pre-Sejm documents was rather sparse, with Jan III attempting to avoid controversial points, which he promoted unofficially through the intermediary of the sejmiks, at which his adherents guarded the interests of the royal court. The distinctive feature of parliamentary work carried out during this period was a transference of the burden of the debate on the creation of law to the time of the conclusions (debates held by joint estates), which instead of the statutory five days lasted for as much as over ten weeks or more. For this reason participants in the debate included also senators and the king. The characteristic aspect of the debates as such was their extremely low efficacy – the outcome of the fact that particular constitutions had to be accepted by all persons attending the Sejm sessions and the increasingly frequent blocking of debates by members of particular political camps since absolute unanimity also as regards procedural issues remained binding. In 1679 the opposition managed to introduce an obligatory oath to be sworn by the marshal of the Sejm (speaker of the house) and constitution legislators (who edited the final texts of constitutions) – this was to limit the king’s influence in the Chamber of Deputies. The new regulation, however, did not produce actual benefits, and the scale of deceptions committed in the course of post-Sejm sessions held by the constitution deputation was much larger than in previous years. The last years of the reign of Jan III brought a progressive obstruction of Sejm debates, and in the 1690s resulted in the paralysis of this institution.

Dig Peat!

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-203
Author(s):  
Klaus Richter
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
International Image ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
The Creation

The chapter examines national policies to economically empower the titular nations and thus establish a national merchant class. It argues that these policies bore rather different results: the marginalization of minorities and the creation of states that were major economic agents. It explores how attempts of foreign powers to exploit the new Polish and Baltic states economically interacted with the emerging governments’ efforts to take control of the region’s raw materials from the disintegrating commercial monopolies of the German occupation. Using the example of timber and flax trade, the chapter retraces how territorial fragmentation spurred distinct policies that shaped states within East Central Europe, but also an international image of the region: the collapse of sovereignty spurred the commercial engagement of outside powers, which in turn contributed to domestic efforts to secure sovereignty, seal off the territory, and organize commerce within the titular nations.

The Ashkenazic Diaspora of Early Modern Central Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 344-369
Author(s):  
Joshua Teplitsky
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social History ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
The Creation

This chapter uses theories of diaspora—which transcend narrative of origins/dispersal and explore instead synchronic ties between multiple centers—to examine phenomena of Jewish cultural and social life in Central Europe during the early modern period (ca. 1500–1800), an geo-cultural association that was captured by the term “Ashkenaz.” Using examples from print culture, social history, and epistolary exchanges, it argues that Jews occupied a position of “variant-participants”—at once participating in wider social, intellectual, and cultural trends and translating those trends into a particular idiom with a distinctly Jewish inflection, shaped both by relationship to past texts and traditions and to other Jewish communities both within and outside of Central Europe. Considering the accommodations of diaspora existence, which creates a “home away from home,” provides a useful lens for conceptualizing the dimensions of Jewish distinctiveness, even while recognizing their local indigeneity, and allows for a consideration of the creation of local practices as well as extra-territorial forms of identification.

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