Use of Transcriptional Profiling and Assessment of Blood Parameters to Understand Biological Mechanisms Controlling Feed Intake and Efficiency in Pigs

Author(s):  
Sender Lkhagvadorj ◽  
Long Qu ◽  
Weiguo Cai ◽  
Oliver Couture ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.


1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. E997-E1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Leuvenink ◽  
E. J. Bleumer ◽  
L. J. Bongers ◽  
J. van Bruchem ◽  
D. van der Heide

The hypothesis that propionate is a short-term feed intake-regulating agent was studied. Mature wether sheep were infused over 20 min with Na propionate into the mesenteric vein, while feed intake and feeding pattern were monitored over 1.5 h. Feed intake was reduced by infusions at 2 mmol/min, which were associated with marked increases in jugular as well as portal concentrations of insulin, glucose, and propionate. In a second experiment, animals were infused with 2 mmol/min Na propionate into the portal vein. No decrease in feed intake was observed, although there were similar increases in insulin, glucose, and propionate as found in mesenteric vein-infused animals. It is concluded that mesenteric propionate in high doses acts as a satiety factor. Possible explanations for the difference between site of infusion may be a different distribution of the infusate over the liver and/or the presence of propionate-sensitive receptors in the mesenteric/portal vein region. It seems unlikely that insulin concentrations are involved in inducing satiety in propionate-infused animals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
T. A. Sunmola ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
O. I. A. Oluremi

The growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of two hundred and fifty two (252) Abor acre plus broiler chickens fed sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) with and without enzymes were investigated. The experimental diets consist of control (T ), maize was 0 replaced with SOPM at 15, 20 and 25 % without exogenous enzymes to form T , T and T 1 2 3 respectively, and another supplemented with exogenous enzyme to form T , T and T 4 5 6 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups replicated three times to have 12 birds per replicate and were fed experimental diet ad-libitum for eight weeks. Result showed that broiler chickens fed control diet (T ) had significantly (P<0.05) 0 higher final weight (FW) of 2.44kg, weight gain (WG) of 42.91, feed intake (FI) of 86.53, better feed conversion ratio (FCR)of 2.01 and protein conversion ratio (PCR)of 0.44 compared to other dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed T and T had significantly 1 4 (P<0.05) higher final weight of 1.98 and 1.98 kg, weight gain of 34.69 and 34.71 g and feed intake of 78.35 and 81.63 g respectively while significantly (P<0.05) least values of 1.75 and 1.80 kg final weight, 30.73 and 31.49 g weight gain and 69.47 and 71.84 g feed intake respectively were recorded in broiler chickens fed T and T . Haematological indices namely: 2 5 PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb were not significantly different (P>0.05) but MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, heterophil, eosinophil and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05). Serum biochemical indices namely total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Though, there was no detrimental effect of SOPM and enzyme on production cost as profit was made at all replacement levels of SOPM with and without enzyme treatment, but profit per bird (N) and cost to benefit ratio revealed the superiority of the broiler chickens fed control diet (T ). Based on the results obtained, 0 SOPM can replace maize up to 25 % without posing any deleterious effect on the broiler chickens growth performance, blood parameters and production cost. However, the cost to benefit ratio was compromised with the use of SOPM. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e978986866
Author(s):  
Rafael Pereira Barros ◽  
Joaldo Rocha Luz ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Ramos ◽  
Deise Silva Costa ◽  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga

The objective of this study was to determine the crude protein requirements for juvenile jundiara fish, a hybrid of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum X Leiarius marmoratus. A total of 240 juveniles of the hybrid, with an initial mean weight of 8.4 ± 1.41 g, were distributed in 15 fiberglass tanks (170 L) in a closed water recirculation and constant aeration system, with a density of 16 fish/tank. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of diets with 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40% crude protein. Seventy days into the experiment the final fish weight and feed intake were measured. Two specimens from each experimental unit were collected for evaluation of carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency and blood parameters. The increase in crude protein content promoted the significant, increasing linear effect for mean weight gain, mean feed intake and specific growth rate, and decreasing effect for feed conversion. Significant differences were also observed in carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency, total plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipase enzymatic activity. Thus, the increase in crude protein levels of up to 40% in jundiara diets promotes improvement in the productive performance of juvenile jundiara.


2020 ◽  
pp. 104349
Author(s):  
Edivilson Silva Castro Filho ◽  
Luiz Carlos Roma Júnior ◽  
Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽  
Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Jesus A Acosta ◽  
Gwendolyn M Jones ◽  
John F Patience

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON), derived from contaminated corn, on growth performance and blood metabolites. A total of 32 growing pigs (initial BW 73.1 ± 1.2 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allotted in individual pens to 1 of 2 treatments: a non-contaminated control diet (CTL) and a diet containing 1.8 mg DON/kg (CTL+DON). Upon analysis, CTL+DON also contained 1.9 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0 mg total fumonisins/kg. On d 1, blood samples were obtained at 60, 120 and 240 min following resumed access to feed. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed thereafter and for 28 d in total. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with initial BW, sex and treatment as fixed effects, and blood parameters the repeated measures. Compared with CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had decreased final BW (102.9 vs 87.5 kg; P < 0.001), ADG (1.06 vs 0.51 kg; P < 0.001) and ADFI (2.97 vs 1.54 kg; P < 0.001). Mycotoxins did not affect G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P = 0.234 for CTL and CTL+DON, respectively). Compared to CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had increased levels of blood cholecystokinin, a hormone involved in satiety and digestion (32.1 vs 43.3 pg/mL; P = 0.048), increased ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite and promotes fat deposition (345 vs 654 pg/mL; P = 0.011), a tendency for decreased blood urea nitrogen (19.6 vs 17.1 mg/dL; P = 0.076), and increased creatine kinase (2,826 vs 4,920 IU/L; P = 0.027). No treatment differences were observed for circulating creatinine, glucose, albumin, or alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, mycotoxin contamination substantially impaired feed intake and growth. Pigs offered mycotoxin-contaminated feed had altered blood parameters related to appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism. However, it was not possible to determine if these differences were due to the mycotoxin contamination or to reduced feed intake.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-327
Author(s):  
R. T. Sani ◽  
H. O. Okin-Aminu ◽  
W. Idowu ◽  
N. P. Achi ◽  
S. A. Ahmed ◽  
...  

The need to observe the changes taking place in the animal's body in response to external factors such as nutrition, housing system and microclimate as it affects intake, rumen metabolite, haematological and biochemical parameters cannot be over-emphasized. Against this background, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing graded levels of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) on feed intake, rumen metabolites, haematological and biochemical characteristics of yearling Bunaji bulls. Twenty yearling Bunaji bulls with average weight of 130kg and aged 1-1.5 years were balanced for weight and allotted to five dietary treatments with four bulls per treatment in Completely Randomized Design. They were individually penned and fed diets containing graded levels of PKC at (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) and Digitaria smutsii (Wholly finger grass) hay at 4% body weight (2% concentrate and 2% hay). The feeding trial lasted for 90 days. Blood samples were collected at the beginning, middle and end of the feeding trial to determine some haematological and biochemical changes. Rumen fluid were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 9hrs intervals to determine the rumen pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen(RAN) and rumen total volatile fatty acids(TVFA) for the yearling bulls. The CP contents of the experimental diets varied between 14.19 and 17.75% while ME ranged from 11.79 to11.81MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varied from 26.36-38.77%. Average feed intake ranged between 5.38-5.61Kg/day with animals on 10%, 20% and 40% PKC being statistically similar (P>0.05).Rumen parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected by sampling time, such that at 0hrRumen pH was highest (7.08) and lowest at 3hrs post feeding(6.66),RAN value was similar at 0hr pre feeding (10.44 mg/100mL) and 3hr post feeding (9.93 mg/100mL) but differ at 6hr (8.25 mg/100ml) and 9hrs post feeding (8.34mg/100mL).There was significant difference (P< 0.05) among treatments for all the haematogical and biochemical parameters measured. Highest urea value was obtained at 0% PKC inclusion, animals on diets containing 20,30 and 40%PKC were statistically similar (P>0.05), Total protein ranged from 70.83 - 78.92 g/l and highest value was obtained at 30% PKC inclusion, animals on diets containing 10% and 20%PKC were statistically similar (P>0.05) but differ from 40%. The study concluded that up to 40% inclusion level of PKC could be added to the diets of yearling Bunaji bulls with no adverse effect on their feed intake, rumen metabolite and some of their blood parameters.     La nécessité d'observer les changements qui se déroulent dans le corps de l'animal en réponse à des facteurs externes tels que la nutrition, le système de logement et le microclimat, car il affecte l'apport, le métabolite du rumen, les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques ne peuvent pas être surestimés. Dans ce contexte, une étude a été menée pour évaluer l'effet de l'alimentation des régimes alimentaires contenant des niveaux classés de gâteau au noyau de palmier (GNP) sur l'apport alimentaire, les métabolites rumen, les caractéristiques hématologiques et biochimiques des taureaux de Bunaji d'Annulation. Vingt Bunaji Bunaji avec poids moyen de 130 kg et de 1 à 1,5 ans ont été équilibrés pour poids et alloué à cinq traitements diététiques avec quatre taureaux par traitement dans une conception complètement randomisée. Ils ont été individuellement engagés et nourris à des régimes alimentaires contenant des niveaux classés de GNP à (0, 10, 20, 30 et 40%) et digitariasmutsii (à 100% de l'herbe à doigts) à 4% de poids corporel (concentré de 2% et 2% de foin). L'essai d'alimentation a duré 90 jours. Les échantillons de sang ont été collectés au début, au milieu et à la fin de l'essai d'alimentation afin de déterminer des changements hématologiques et biochimiques. Les liquides de rumen ont été recueillis à des intervalles de 0, 3, 6 et 9hrs pour déterminer le pH de rumen, l'azote d'ammoniac rumen (AAR) et les acides gras volatils rumen (AGVV) pour les taureaux yearling. Le contenu du CP des régimes expérimentaux variait entre 14,19 et 17,75%, tandis que je suis allant de 11,79 à 11,81 MMJ / kg DM. La fibre brute variait de 26,36-38,77%. L'admission moyenne d'aliments allait entre 5,38 et 5,61 kg / jour avec des animaux sur 10%, 20% et 40% GNP étant statistiquement similaires (p> 0,05). Rumen Les paramètres étaient significativement (p <0,05) affectés par le temps d'échantillonnage, tel que à 0hr rumen Le pH était le plus élevé (7.08) et le plus bas à 3 heures d'alimentation post (6,66), la valeur de AAR était similaire à 0HR pré-alimentation (10,44 mg / 100 ml) et 3hrs post-alimentation (9,93 mg / 100 ml) mais diffèrent à 6h (8,25 mg / 100 mg). et 9 heures après l'alimentation (8h34 mg / 100 ml) était une différence significative (p <0,05) parmi les traitements pour tous les paramètres hématogiques et biochimiques mesurés. La valeur la plus élevée de l'urée a été obtenue à 0% d'inclusion de GNP, les animaux sur les régimes contenant 20,30 et 40% de GNP étaient statistiquement similaires (p> 0,05), une protéine totale allait de 70,83 - 78,92 g / l et une valeur la plus élevée a été obtenue à 30% de GNP. L'inclusion, les animaux sur les régimes contenant 10% et 20% de GNPétaient statistiquement similaires (p> 0,05) mais diffèrent de 40%. L'étude a conclu que jusqu'à 40% de niveau d'inclusion de GNP pouvait être ajouté au régime alimentaire des taureaux de la Bunaji qui n'y a pas d'effet défavorable sur leur consommation d'alimentation, le métabolite du rumen et certains de leurs paramètres de sang.


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