scholarly journals Study on development of a device for assessment compost stability based on the determination of oxygen consumption using pressure measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Thanh Dam Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Canh Viet Nguyen ◽  
Thi Vi Phung ◽  
Thi Thao Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Compost Stability ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Stability

Organic fertilizer or compost is an essential product in the current trend of high-tech agricultural development. Compost stability is not only an important quality parameter but can also be used to monitor the efficiency of the composting process. This study developed a device to evaluate the stability of compost based on the oxygen consumption method using the principle of pressure measurement. This homemade device has improved design, overcoming existing weaknesses in commercial equipment with the same operating principle. In which, the compost sample is put in the containers placed in the middle of the bottle while the produced CO2 is absorbed by the KOH solution at the bottom. The device is capable of working independently with the data recorded on the microSD card without connecting to a computer. The device is operationally tested in the laboratory to assess the oxygen consumption of two actual compost samples. The results showed that these samples both meet the EU’s regulations on compost stability with oxygen consumption in 4 days (AT4) less than 10.0 mg O2/g compost.

scholarly journals Assessment of Compost Maturity using The Static Respirometry Index

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andari Kristanto ◽  
Syifa Aulia Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
End User ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Compost Maturity ◽  
Compost Stability ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To be used as organic fertilizer, compost must be stable and mature enough to ensure that it is safe for agricultural application. The stability and maturity of compost can be viewed from physical, chemical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters is the static respiration index (SRI). In many places, the SRI is applied as a representative indicator of the stability and maturity of compost but not in Indonesia compost standard of the SNI 19-7030-2004. This study aims to assess the index of the static respiration of composts and analyze their stability and maturity. The assessment was carried out on 10 compost samples sold in Jakarta and Depok. It is observed that 8 of 10 tested composts was stable and mature, with a static respiration index of 0.61–1.35 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. One of the 10 composts was very stable and very mature, with a static respiration index of 0.46 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1 and 1 compost was unstable and immature, with an index of 1.79 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. The results indicated that re-composted for seven days was adequate to make the compost more stable and mature than the initial state. Since maturity is not described by a single property, it is great assurance for the compost producer and end user in Indonesia that not only physical and chemical characteristics are used as indicator for compost stability and maturity but also biological indicator such as SRI. Keywords: compost; maturity; stability; static respiration index

Differential impairment of thermogenesis in the pigeon after chemical sympathectomy

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hohtola ◽  
H. Rintamäki ◽  
R. Hissa
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Ffa Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

A dose-controlled chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) did not disrupt thermostasis in the pigeon at +38 °C. At +6 °C, thermogenesis was impaired, but the lower body temperature and oxygen consumption were stable and vasoconstriction was normal. The stability may partly be explained by a massive release of adrenaline from the adrenals (50% in 20 min). Despite a deficit in heat production both after sympathectomy and after acute 6-OHDA, no change in muscle electrical activity was observed. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was significantly elevated after sympathectomy, but no changes occurred in blood glucose or plasma lactate levels. The results indicate a major compensatory role for the adrenals in avian thermogenesis. They also suggest a sympathetically mediated auxiliary thermogenic mechanism independent of muscle electrical activity and coupled to FFA metabolism.

scholarly journals ’n Plastiek Cartesiese duiker as respirometer

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
W. J. Van Aardt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Physical Dimensions

The working principles of the Cartesian diver as a respirometer for terrestrial micro-athropods are discussed. The advan­tages and disadvantages of Perspex as thermoplastic diver material are compared with those of Pyrex or Jena glass. With the aid of diagrammes on which physical dimensions are indicated, the functional parts of a Perspex diver with a diver cons­tant of about 80 microliters are described. Stepwise instructions for the operation of the diver system (flotation vessel, manometer, glassmanifold) within the enclosed waterbath are presented to enable one to measure the equilibrium pressure (ΔP) of each individual animal with a mass less than 1 mg. The calculations used to determine the diver constant for each diver are fully described. Practical examples are used to enable one to calculate the oxygen consumption rate (VO₂) for a mite species from the equilibrium pressure measurement.

scholarly journals Redefining success: the political ecology of genetically modified and organic cotton as solutions to agrarian crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Flachs
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Organic Cotton ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

The transnational spread of law and technology in Indian agricultural development has passed through three distinct phases since the mid-19th century. In each case, a narrative of agrarian crisis allowed for new state and corporate interventions, conceived by American and British agribusiness, within the existing logics of Indian smallholder agriculture. These begun with colonial British industrial cotton projects in the 1840s, continuing with Green Revolution agriculture, and on contemporary GM and organic cotton farms. In each case, farmers developed strategies through a frictive, contentious adoption of new technologies and built new avenues to success that worked for some farmers and failed for others. In this article I draw on ethnographic fieldwork and household surveys conducted in nine villages from 2012-2014 in Telangana, India. As with previous development initiatives, the US-born legal structures that defined high-tech GM and low-tech organic agriculture were adopted in India without major changes. I argue, however that their actual implementation by farmers has required a significant shift in the ways that people manage the agricultural economy.Keywords: Genetically Modified crops, organic agriculture, development, South India This paper was winner of the Eric Wolf Prize, Political Ecology Society, 2015.

Experimental Description of Aging of Coconut Shell Powder/Epoxy Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Petr Valášek ◽  
Karolína Habrová
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Coconut Shell Powder ◽  
Degradation Time

In the field of composite materials, in some areas, the current trend is the substitution of synthetic reinforcement by natural material. Biological reinforcements thus optimize the resulting mechanical characteristics in a number of cases, where the resulting material can be labeled as environmentally sensitive. The problem of biological materials can be their aging. For the specification of application areas of composite materials with biological reinforcement, it is necessary to know the stability of these materials over time. The paper describes the composite material with epoxy matrix and filler in the form of microparticles (100-200 μm) prepared from coconut shells (CSP/epoxy). Epoxy resin for joining materials in engineering was filled with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt.% of CSP, and resin used for vacuum infusion was filled with 30 wt.% of CSP (different kind of preparation of composite systems) . For an experimental description of aging was used degradation chamber, where both, the humidity and temperatures in each cycle were changed + 70 °C/-40 °C. An important indication of mechanical aging was used to describe aging, namely shear strength and tensile strength. The degradation period was 5 weeks, corresponding to 35 cycles, i.e. 840 hours of degradation. During the degradation time, the shear strength of the CSP composite dropped to 42.2%, the tensile strength of the prepared infusion system dropped by 49.6%.

An Improved Design of the Manipulator on Automatic Tool Changer

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Yan Sheng Li ◽  
Yan Heng Zhang ◽  
Han Xu Sun ◽  
Hai Yang Dong ◽  
Shun Li Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Output Curve ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Automatic Tool Changer ◽  
Automatic Tool ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Stability

The tool falling and vibration faults often occur in the process of tool changing, In order to improve the stability of the tools on automatic tool changer, a new structure of the manipulator is presented. The new manipulator contains two-point locking instead of the original one-point locking, and the tools can be clamped more tightly. When the old manipulator is slotting the tool, the forces are analyzed, and the working load and parameters is determined by calculating and analyzing the output curve of manipulator. The three-dimensional model is built in ADMS, and the validity of the new designed manipulator is verified by the simulation in a limit state. The simulation result shows that the new manipulator can increase the ability of tool clamping effectively.

The Formation of Effective Usage of Land Resources in Accounting, Analysis and Management of Agricultural Enterprises in the Market Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Yarmila S. TKAL ◽  
Yulia V. ABRAHAM ◽  
Viktoriia V. TKACHENKO ◽  
Larysa I. POLIATYKINA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Effective System

The article is dedicated to the study of the need to intensify the state influences upon the efficiency of land resources usage. The technology of the rational land resources usage is advanced by way of reducing straw as organic fertilizer under direct contribution in the ground that provides spare facilities, raises the level to the efficiency of production, influences upon increasing of the fertility of the ground. Offences such as unauthorized seizure and misuse of land, removal of a fertile layer without permission, pollution of land, non-implementation of land reclamation cause significant damage to the state and owners of land, which leads to irreversible loss of land, quality and fertility. A methodical approach to assessing the improvement of information and analytical support for agricultural development is to create an effective system of formation, processing and transmission of analytical data of the accounting for the timely adoption of effective decisions at all levels of the agricultural sector. The result of this improved method of assessing include the issue of land conservation and rational use for the purpose of sustainable domestic land use. That is what caused the selection of research topics, defined goals, objectives and building its structure and trends.

Robust Stability of Sequential Multi-input Multi-output Quantitative Feedback Theory Designs

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray L. Kerr ◽  
Suhada Jayasuriya ◽  
Samuel F. Asokanthan
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Internal Stability ◽  
Quantitative Feedback Theory ◽  
Recursive Design ◽  
Stability Theorems ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This paper re-examines the stability of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control systems designed using sequential MIMO quantitative feedback theory (QFT). In order to establish the results, recursive design equations for the SISO equivalent plants employed in a sequential MIMO QFT design are established. The equations apply to sequential MIMO QFT designs in both the direct plant domain, which employs the elements of plant in the design, and the inverse plant domain, which employs the elements of the plant inverse in the design. Stability theorems that employ necessary and sufficient conditions for robust closed-loop internal stability are developed for sequential MIMO QFT designs in both domains. The theorems and design equations facilitate less conservative designs and improved design transparency.

scholarly journals A design approach for integrated CMOS LC-tank oscillators using bifurcation analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prochaska ◽  
K. Bohle ◽  
W. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Gain ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lc Tank ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Electrical oscillators play a decisive role in integrated transceivers for wired and wireless communication systems. In this context the study of fully integrated differential VCOs has received attention. In this paper formulas for investigations of the stability as well as the amplitude of CMOS LC tank oscillators are derived, where an overall model of nonlinear gain elements is used. By means of these results we are able to present an improved design approach which gives a deeper insight into the functionality of LC tank VCOs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document