scholarly journals Testiranje biološke učinkovitosti feromona i klopki za ulov mediteranskog potkornjaka Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
Milan Pernek ◽  
Marta Kovač ◽  
Nikola Lacković
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Orthotomicus Erosus ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the Aleppo pine forests at the Croatian Mediterranean in 2017, a Mediterranean bark beetle (Orthotomicus erosus) appeared in population densities that had not been recorded before and until then was not considered a significant pest in that area. Natural enemies are not able to follow a sudden increase of the bark beetle population, which results in rapid increase of drying trees. As a part of the suppression of the Mediterranean bark beetle in 2018, pheromone traps have been installed in Croatia for monitoring purposes. Although there are multiple options for applying different types of traps and pheromone preparations for the Mediterranean bark beetle, so far the differences in catches of different types of traps and their selectivity have not been investigated. In 2019, 40 pheromone traps were placed in the Forest Park ​​Marjan (Split) on 196 ha of forest area. A pairs of pheromone preparations Pheroprax and Erosowit were compared, a system of three traps (Triplet) with a single flight barrier trap as well as the modified wet flight barrier trap with a regular flight barrier trap. In addition to the average number of catches in pheromone traps, particular attention was given to selectivity. Two predator species Tanasimus formicarius and Temnochila caerulea were found in traps, with T. formicarius in insignificant quantities relative to T. caerulea. The results indicate that Erosowit exhibits significantly higher catches compared to Pheroprax and is significantly more selective. Pheroprax has a very high catches of T. caerulea predators and is not recommended for practical use. The Triplet had only slightly better catches compared to the single flight barrier trap, but also showed slightly better selectivity. The Triplet did not show the expected effect due to the amount of the catch, which was slightly higher than in the single trap, but not significantly in order to recommend their use. The wet flight barrier trap turned out not to be satisfactory as it does not produce significantly higher catches than a regular flight barrier trap, and is twice less selective. Given the additional costs (trap adaptation, fluid that needs to be changed, slower collection), this trap type is not recommended for use. Comparing the results of the catch in 2019, the number of bark beetles was found to be almost 5 times lower than in 2018.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on Aleppo Pine in the Mediterranean Region in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Pernek ◽  
Nikola Lacković ◽  
Ivan Lukić ◽  
Nikola Zorić ◽  
Dinka Matošević
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Orthotomicus Erosus ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Privately Owned

Background and Purpose: Orthotomicus erosus, Mediterranean pine engraver, is widely distributed across the Mediterranean and southern Europe, Asia and North Africa. It is considered as secondary pest found on recently dead or felled trees, but can also attack weakened living trees. In high population levels this species can attack healthy trees and cause their dieback. Severe outbreaks occur after dry periods, or after fire in adjoining stands in warmer parts of the Mediterranean region, while this scenario has never happened in Croatia up to now. Bark beetles are important forest pests which have already been researched and discussed in relation to climate change, indicating that the predicted increase in temperature would lead to higher survival rates and faster development, thus directly influencing their population dynamics. Increase in temperature may stimulate changes in insects’ rate of development, voltinism, population density, size, genetic composition, extent of host plant exploitation, longitudinal and latitudinal distribution. Since climate conditions might have changed in the last few years as predicted in the Mediterranean region, the aim of our research is to document the first outbreak with high population levels of O. erosus in Croatia. Materials and Methods: The extent of dieback was evaluated by counting trees with dieback symptoms on diagonal transects plotted through each of 33 forest management sections of Marjan Forest Park (Split). Trunk sections from several trees with early stage symptoms were collected for further laboratory analysis, which consisted of incubation phase and subsequent morphological identification. During regular yearly surveys in forests of Croatia, the pest was observed on several sites and damages were recorded for both years 2017 and 2018. The records were entered into a map using QGIS version 3.2.1-Bonn. Spatial data was downloaded from DIVA-GIS server. Monitoring efforts were initiated in affected areas where 13 flight barrier pheromone traps (Theyson®) equipped with pheromone lure Erosowit® (Witasek, Austria) were set-up in late March in state-owned and privately owned forests across Dalmatia. Catches in the traps were collected and O. erosus adults were counted on a weekly basis in order to identify the abundance of the pest in monitored sites, as well as to obtain the first information about population dynamics and to assess voltinism. Results: On-site survey and the evaluation of dieback extent included sampling of 5% of all trees in Marjan Forest Park ,and the results showed that 23% of all trees in the forest park were affected by dieback symptoms. Visual examination of trunks, branches and bark showed symptoms of bark beetle infestation, while preliminary on-site examination of the observed adults pointed out to O. erosus. After two weeks in controlled conditions, bark beetle adults started to emerge from trunk sections which were placed in several mesh cages for incubation. Morphological identification by using stereomicroscope and the key for European bark beetles resulted in identification of O. erosus species. Over the course of the year 2017 one more site was reported to be infested with O. erosus, and eight additional sites were reported over the course of year 2018. In total, 446 ha were reported as infested, varying in intensity, in several different management units of state-owned and privately owned forests. The total number of trapped beetles in pheromone traps varied largely among sites. Our data indicate that several generations (at least 5 generations per year) were present in the year 2018. Conclusions: Sudden surge in observed damages, as well as the number of beetles trapped during monitoring, in years 2017 and 2018 throughout Aleppo pine forests in Dalmatia are the first record of O. erosus outbreak in Croatia. O. erosus is native to Croatia and so far it has been considered only as a minor pest whose outbreaks have never been recorded. Drought intensity and frequency and aridification trends in the research area (Dalmatia, Croatia) cause cumulative stress to trees and have increased O. erosus occurrence. O. erosus is expected to exhibit increased voltinism, better overwintering performance and earlier spring flights. Our first results confirm this epidemic stage of O. erosus with high abundances in Dalmatia in 2018 and at least 5 generations per year, which alter the population level of this pest. Finally, with high dispersal abilities of O. erosus through active flight and easy transportation with infested material (logs and branches with bark), O. erosus has the potential to become an important forest pest in Croatia. Thus, extensive studies on its biology, ecology, natural enemies and interaction with ophiostomatoid fungal species are needed in order to predict further spread and suggest viable and effective management measures.

scholarly journals Catches of Ips duplicatus and other non-target Coleoptera by Ips typographus pheromone trapping

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Valkama ◽  
Mika Räty ◽  
Pekka Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Ips Duplicatus ◽  
Geographic Gradient ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Finland ◽  
Russian Karelia

Catches of non-target Coleoptera in Ips typographus pheromone traps baited with Ipslure® were analysed along a geographic gradient running from southwestem Finland to eastern Finland and Russian Karelia. Besides I. typographus, two other bark beetles, Pityogenes chalcographus and Ips duplicatus were caught in high numbers. I. duplicatus occuned on northeastern sites only, suggesting a more restricted distribution than previously known. High numbers of Thanasimus spp. beetles indicate that I. typographus pheromone is also an effective attractant for bark beetle predators. In addition, the originally North American ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius, now widely spread in Europe was found for the first time in nature in Finland.

scholarly journals Bark beetles (Scolytinae) monitoring in national reserve «Kivach» forest cenosis by domestically produced pheromone traps

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
A.A. Chalkin ◽  
◽  
S.N. Lyabzina ◽  
E.V. Sinitsyna ◽  
A.Yu. Lobur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Pityogenes Chalcographus ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Reserve Area

Hereafter, the results on the comparative analysis of Pityogenes chalcographus and Ips typographus monitoring by the use of pheromone traps are represented. The field trial was conducted within four different forest cenosis of the national reserve area «Kivach». The barrier funnel shaped traps with a lure attracting the bark beetle Pityogenes chalcographus and Ips typographus produced by FGBU «VNIIKR» were used for the pest monitoring in the four different cenosis. The results suggest that there is a positive correlation between the caught pest number and the type of a cenosis where the pheromone traps were installed.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PHEROMONE TRAPS IN TRAINING FIELD PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Lyabzina ◽  
◽  
D.F. Zinnikov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Field Practice

In field practice on invertebrate zoology and other subjects, in addition to the traditional methods of collecting insects, we can use pheromone traps. Traps were applied in studying the dynamics of xylophilous insects: a sawyer beetle and two bark beetles (an eight-dentated bark beetle and a six-dentated bark beetle). The pheromonitoring have been obtained seasonal variations in the number of populations and density of these species of some nature conservation area in Karelia. The collection efficiency of bark beetles during the period of the maximum number of species was about 600 individuals.

Comparison of pathogens infection level in Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles sampled in pheromone traps and at place of overwintering

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Lukášová ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Spruce Bark

AbstractThe importance of pathogens in the population dynamics of Ips typographus remains a subject of ongoing debate. The main objective of our experiment was to compare the pathogen infection levels of individuals overwintering in bark with the levels of individuals from the same population captured with pheromone traps and thereby to determine primary answers as to whether it can be confirmed that pathogenic organisms affect the flight ability of bark beetles or their ability to leave their places of overwintering. A total of 402 I. typographus individuals were analyzed at a study location under limited management. Three pathogens were confirmed to be present: the gregarine Gregarina typographi, the virus ItEPV, and the microsporidium Nosema typographi. Infection levels of Gregarina typographi and ItEPV were the same in beetles collected at places of overwintering and in those beetles collected in pheromone traps within the immediate vicinity. As these pathogens infect the host’s intestine, the tendency to leave the places of overwintering is apparently not diminished. A similar analysis and comparison of pathogens located in the fat body might bring different results, as our study only detected N. typographi in a single dissected adult spruce bark beetle.

scholarly journals Antifungal actinomycetes associated with the pine bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus, in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 113 (Number 1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander R. Human ◽  
Bernard Slippers ◽  
Z. Wilhelm de Beer ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Stephanus N. Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Orthotomicus Erosus ◽  
Mutualistic Association

Abstract Actinomycete bacteria are often associated with insects that have a mutualistic association with fungi. These bacteria are believed to be important to this insect–fungus association as they produce antibiotics that exclude other saprophytic fungi from the immediate environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially protective actinomycetes associated with Orthotomicus erosus, an alien invasive pine bark beetle, in South Africa. This bark beetle and its relatives have an association with Ophiostomatales species which are often the only fungi found in the bark beetle galleries. We hypothesised that antibiotic-producing actinomycetes could be responsible for the paucity of other fungi in the galleries by producing compounds to which the Ophiostoma spp. are tolerant. Several actinomycetes in the genus Streptomyces and one Gordonia sp. were isolated from the beetle. Interestingly, most isolates were from the same species as actinomycetes associated with other pine-infesting insects from other parts of the world, including bark beetles and the woodwasp Sirex noctilio. Most actinomycetes isolated had strong antifungal properties against the selected test fungi, including Ophiostoma ips, which is the most common fungal symbiont of Orthotomicus erosus. Although the actinomycetes did not benefit Ophiostoma ips and the hypothesis was not supported, their sporadic association with Orthotomicus erosus suggests that they could have some impact on the composition of the fungal communities present in the bark beetle galleries, which is at present poorly understood.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION AND MONITORING OF FOREST PESTS WITH THE USE OF PHEROMONES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE «ZARICHANSKE FORESTRY»

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
V. Levchenko ◽  
I. Shulga ◽  
L. Nemerytska ◽  
I. Zhuravska ◽  
А. Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The State ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Pests

Topical issues of forest pest monitoring using the pheromone method in the forest tracts of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry" are substantiated, and the organizational aspects of this promising event in the fight against major pests of forest plantations in the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry" are considered.The subject of the work is the physiological features of conifers and leaf-eating forest pests, which are common in the forests of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry". Particular attention in the research process was paid to such forest pests as: pine luboid, apical bark beetle, six-toothed bark beetle, pine sawfly, pine goldfinch, May beetle, marble beetle. These species have become widespread not only in the forest edatopes of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry", but also in the forest ecosystems of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting. All of the above forest pests cause significant damage to forest stands at different ages. A significant degree of entomological load per unit of forested area in the conditions of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry" exacerbates the harmful effects of the above pests, which leads to massive damage to forests, their drying and death.The aim of the work is a detailed study of the possibility of using the method of pheromone diagnostics and monitoring of forest pests, as well as the possibility of preventing the destruction of forest edatopes on the example of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske forestry".The main methods of work on the introduction of pheromone monitoring of forest pests are calculation and analytical collection and processing of the results of forest entomological examination of pine, oak, birch plantations, monitoring of the impact of different types of pheromone traps on the effectiveness of entomological forecasts. , as well as conducting route surveys of arriving and mature stands to determine the nature of drying depending on the degree of damage by different species of needles and leaf-eating pests.According to the results of the work, it was established that pheromones are a very effective method of monitoring and diagnosing various types of forest pests. It was found that most of the studied forest pests respond quite effectively to pheromonization and this will further allow not only to monitor but also to predict possible outbreaks of mass reproduction of forest pests in the conditions not only of the State Enterprise "Zarichanske Forestry" Zhytomyr Polissya in particular.The scope of the research results is forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting in order to preserve and protect pine, oak, aspen, birch, alder forest plantations from forest pests in the Polissya region of Ukraine.The conclusions of the research are that the use of pheromones in pheromone traps allows to detect the presence of the species in nature, the beginning of flight of the adult pest and to determine the time for measures to destroy it, to obtain data on the number of poisoned pests during the flight or other period of time. . Conduct forest pathological observations of changes in the number of pest populations. The pheromone method of diagnosis makes it possible to objectively count the outbreaks of certain species of forest pests and the ability to compare their current numbers with the number of pests of previous years. Promptly implement measures to carry out forest protection measures in the Polissya zone of Zhytomyr region. Practical recommendations for the use of pheromones for monitoring and forecasting of coniferous and leaf-eating pests are given, the threshold (economically dangerous) quantities of catching pests with pheromone traps are recommended. As a result of our research, we found that the maximum criterion for catching silkworms-nuns in pine plantations during the flight is 50 males / ha. The traps are placed at the rate of 4-6 pcs. on 3-5 hectares. For the unpaired silkworm, this figure is 60 males, for the pine moth - 30. Pheromone traps are essential in determining the direction and rate of spread of populations of major coniferous and leaf-eating pests. We found that the use of pheromone traps in accounting areas located in hard-to-reach habitats of pests has significant prospects, where the use of traditional methods of counting (route-key ground survey with felling of trees and knocking) at the beginning and end of the season remains almost the only method. observation and requires large labor and material costs. It has been established that pheromone traps make it possible to study previously unknown aspects of the biology and ecology of pests of the squamous family. It is investigated that the variability of some morphological characteristics of adult insects during the flight season, as well as the mechanisms of sexual communication of adults, the study of which is of great importance in the organization of the pheromone monitoring system. It is substantiated that the use of pheromone traps for monitoring forest entomological studies is especially appropriate at extremely low densities of forest pest populations, when it is almost impossible to detect the insect visually. It is proved that the use of pheromone traps allows to predict the timing of measures to control leaf and coniferous rodent pests in forest stands. As a result of research, we have proved that pheromone traps are used as a means to reduce the number of males by catch, ie to create a so-called male vacuum, thus trying to increase the number of unfertilized females in the population. The results of research confirm that this method of control of scale insects is possible only in relatively small isolated forest stands with a low number of pests and is often ineffective. We found that this method is most often applied to bark beetles and to a lesser extent to beetles. During the research, we observed numerous examples of reducing the loss of forest stands when catching bark beetles in this way.Keywords: pheromones, traps, coniferous-rodent pests, leaf-rodent pests, monitoring, prognosis, adult.

scholarly journals Impact of extreme weather conditions on the population dynamics of bark beetles in the forests of Eastern Serbia

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Mara Tabaković-Tošić ◽  
Marija Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

The paper presents the results of a one-year study of population dynamics of bark beetles by the method of bark beetle trapping using pheromone traps with the following pheromone dispensers-aggregation pheromones: IAC Ecolure (for Ips acuminatus and I. sexdentatus), IT Ecolure (for I. typographus) and PC Ecolure (for Pityogenes chalcographus), after the ice storm that hit the region of Eastern Serbia, especially the forest estate Timočke šume Boljevac (State enterprise Srbijašume) in November 2014. The population levels of the monitored bark beetle species in the controlled area in 2015 were generally within the limits of normal conditions.

scholarly journals Drivers of Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) Infestations on Downed Trees after Severe Windthrow

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Branislav Hroššo ◽  
Pavel Mezei ◽  
Mária Potterf ◽  
Andrej Majdák ◽  
Miroslav Blaženec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Spruce Bark

Research Highlights: Bark beetles are important agents of disturbance regimes in temperate forests, and specifically in a connected wind-bark beetle disturbance system. Large-scale windthrows trigger population growth of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) from endemic to epidemic levels, thereby allowing the killing of Norway spruce trees over several consecutive years. Background and Objectives: There is a lack of evidence to differentiate how outbreaks are promoted by the effects of environmental variables versus beetle preferences of trees from endemic to outbreak. However, little is known about how individual downed-tree characteristics and local conditions such as tree orientation and solar radiation affect beetle colonization of downed trees. Materials and Methods: To answer this question, we investigated the infestation rates and determined tree death categories (uprooted, broken, and stump) in wind-damaged areas in Western Tatra Mts. in Carpathians (Slovakia) from 2014–2016, following a windthrow in May 2014. In total, we investigated 225 trees over eight transects. For every tree, we measured its morphological (tree height, crown characteristics), environmental (solar radiation, terrain conditions, trunk zenith), temporal (time since wind damage), and beetle infestation (presence, location of attack, bark desiccation) parameters. We applied Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to unravel the main drivers of I. typographus infestations. Results: Over the first year, beetles preferred to attack broken trees and sun-exposed trunk sides over uprooted trees; the infestation on shaded sides started in the second year along with the infestation of uprooted trees with lower desiccation rates. We found that time since wind damage, stem length, and incident solar radiation increased the probability of beetle infestation, although both solar radiation and trunk zenith exhibited nonlinear variability. Our novel variable trunk zenith appeared to be an important predictor of bark beetle infestation probability. We conclude that trunk zenith as a simple measure defining the position of downed trees over the terrain can anticipate beetle infestation. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding of the bark beetle’s preferences to colonize windthrown trees in the initial years after the primary wind damage. Further, our findings can help to identify trees that are most susceptible to beetle infestation and to prioritize management actions to control beetle population while maintaining biodiversity.

INFESTATION OF CERATOCYSTIS WAGENERI-INFECTED PONDEROSA PINES BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Goheen ◽  
F. W. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Periodic Examination ◽  
Apparently Healthy

AbstractThe relationship between bark beetle infestation of ponderosa pine and severity of infection by Ceratocystis wageneri was investigated by closely monitoring 256 trees (136 apparently healthy, 60 moderately diseased, and 60 severely diseased at initiation of study) for beetle infestation from summer 1972 to fall 1975. Disease ratings were updated by periodic examination, and some trees changed disease category during the study. Ninety trees were infested by Dendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, or both, five by buprestids alone, and one tree died from effects of the pathogen alone. Sixty-two of the beetle-infested trees were severely diseased at time of infestation, 25 were moderately diseased, and only three were apparently healthy. Thus, the results showed that bark beetles were much more likely to infest infected than healthy trees. Among diseased trees, those with advanced infections were most likely to be infested. There was evidence that buprestids (especially Melanophila spp.) and possibly Ips spp. attacked diseased trees prior to Dendroctonus spp. infestation.

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