scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT DENGAN PENYAMBUNGAN BATANG BAWAH TAHAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Annisatul Choiriyah ◽  
Suhartiningsih Dwi Nurcahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Randomized Design

Tomato plant is one of horticultural commodities that plays an important role in agricultural of Indonesia. The production of tomato is constrained by bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum). The development of the disease will increase rapidly in rainy season. This causes the production of tomato decreases for about 30-60%. The alternative effort to control the bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum) done by grafting the commercial tomato plants that are susceptible to noncommercial tomato that have natural resistance to the infection of this pathogen. Suseptible tomato Betavila F1 variety is used for scion. As resistant rootstocks are Rewako F1 and Mawar variety. The grafting done through splice grafting. The experimental design used was Complete Randomized Design with 5 treatments of 4 repetitions with each unit consisted of 5 plants. The observed parameters were incubation period, incidence of disease, severity of disease, infection rate and plant growt. The results of observation data were analyzed by using variance. The grafting treatment between Rewako F1 + Betavia F1 varieties became the best result to inhibit the bacterial wilt of R. solanacearum incubation period 14 Day After Inculation (DAI), incidence of disease 28,00%, infection rate 0,00500 unit/day and necrosis in stem 5,50%. The grafting treatment was not able to increase the component of plant growth. Keywords: Grafting, Tomato, Bacterial wilt disease

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit dari Bunga Bawang Dayak untuk Menekan Pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Tomat

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Wulan Cahyani ◽  
Noor Laili Aziza ◽  
Yusriadi Marsuni
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Cultivation of tomato plants (Lycopesicum esculentum Mill.) Is often exposed to plant diseases. One of the diseases that often attacks tomato plants is bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum. Therefore, it is necessary to have biological control with the application of an antagonistic agent, namely the provision of endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers. This study aims to determine the types of endophytic fungi in dayak onion flowers and to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. This research was conducted from February to May 2020, taking samples of dayak onion flowers in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture and samples of symptomatic tomato plants on the Karang Anyar Farmer Group's land then continued with isolation, purification, identification, and antagonistic testing at the Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The method used in this study was a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments, namely C1 = endophytic fungi A + R. solanacearum, C2 = endophytic fungi B + R. solanacearum, C3 = endophytic fungi F + R. solanacearum, C4 = endophytic fungi G + R. solanacearum, C5 = endophytic fungi I + R. solanacearum, C6 = endophytic fungi J + R. solanacearum, C7 = endophytic fungi K + R. solanacearum, C8 = fungi endophytic N + R. solanacearum, and C9 = endophytic fungi P + R. solanacearum and repeated three times. This study used a comparison, namely control with three replications, in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The results of this study that endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers have the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum. Based on the research, there were 17 endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers with nine endophytic fungi which had the fastest growth rate of radius. Fungi with the genus Colletotrichum sp., Mucor sp., and Papulaspora sp. has the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum with moderate to strong percentage of inhibition.

scholarly journals Trehalose induces tomato defenses and increases drought tolerance and bacterial wilt disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
April M MacIntyre ◽  
Valerian Meline ◽  
Zachary Gorman ◽  
Steven P Augustine ◽  
Carolyn J Dye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency

Ralstonia solanacearum causes plant bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in host produced trehalose. Water stressed plants accumulate the disaccharide trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling networks. Because infected plants have reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. Transcriptomic responses of susceptible vs. resistant tomato plants to R. solanacearum infection revealed differential expression of drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism. ABA was enriched in xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected plants. Treating roots with ABA lowered stomatal conductance and reduced R. solanacearum stem colonization. Treating roots with trehalose increased ABA in xylem sap and reduced plant water use by reducing stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Further, trehalose-treated plants were more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense genes, increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds, and increased wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic resistance. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggests that that R. solanacearum-infected tomato plants produce more trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. In turn, R. solanacearum degrades trehalose as a counter-defense.

scholarly journals Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Lv Su ◽  
Lifan Zhang ◽  
Duoqian Nie ◽  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Biao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Pathogen Invasion

Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Activity test of Bacillus Spp against bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum) on tomatoes by in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
G N C Tuhumury ◽  
J V Hasinu ◽  
H Kesaulya
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Abstract Ralstonia solanocearum is a pathogenic bacteria that attacks tomatoes and causes wilt disease. Many efforts have been made to control this disease through cultivation, use of chemical pesticides, and development of resistant varieties, but bacterial wilt disease remains a serious problem economically. Nowadays, many biological controls are being developed using microbes. The use of Bacillus spp as an unfriendly microbe is very potential to control because it has pathogenic inhibitory activity. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates of Bacillus spp which can suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants. The research was conducted in vitro at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology in the Agriculture Faculty, Unpatti. The results showed that Bacillus niabensis strain PT-32-1 and Bacillus subtilis strain SW116b could inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum, wilt disease in tomato plants in vitro.

scholarly journals MEKANISME ANTIBIOSIS BACILLUS SUBTILIS B315 UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI KENTANG

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Jaka Widada
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

Antibiosis mechanism of Bacillus subtilis B315 for controlling potato bacterial wilt disease. Bacillus subtilis B315 isolated from rhizospheric potato has antibiosis mechanism against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro and become potentially used as controlling method of bacterial wilt in the field. The objectives of this research were to study the mechanism of B.subtilis B315 in controlling bacterial wilt disease, to study of B. subtilis B315 potency as both biocontrol and plant growth promoter, and to evaluate the mechanism as biocontrol agent. This green house experiment used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments were control (without B. subtilis B315), B. subtilis B315 wild type, antibiosis mutant M16, antibiosis mutant M4, and antibiosis mutant M14. Variables observed were incubation period, disease index, infection rate, effectiveness of control, and growth components (i.e number of bud, plant height, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight). The result of this research showed that B. subtilis B315 could delay incubation period, suppressed the disease index up to 64,9% and could promote the plant growth (leaf area). B. subtilis B315 had the antibiosis and other mechanisms that induced sistemic resistance. The implication of this research was that B. subtilis B315 could be used for biocontrol the bacterial wilt and promoted the potato growth.

scholarly journals Ketahanan tiga klon jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Yulia Fista Fauzia ◽  
Suhartiningsih Dwi Nurcahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Development Center

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Is one type of rhizome plant commonly used as a medicinal plant or spice. The rhizome is aromatic and has a distinctive odor used by the community to be used as spices, cooking ingredients and medicinal sources. So far the results of ginger production have not been able to meet people's consumption needs due to a decrease in ginger production at the main ginger development center (West Java). One of the main constraints of ginger cultivation is the attack of bacterial wilt disease caused by the bacterium R. solanacearum. One effort that can be done in tackling bacterial wilt in ginger plants is by using clones that are resistant to bacterial wilt disease of R. solanacearum. The experimental design was carried out using factorial Completely Randomized Design, using ginger clones and the application of R. solanacearum bacteria. This design consists of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication unit consists of 4 plants, so the total number of plants used is 96 plants. The experimental results were analyzed using regression correlation analysis on the parameters of disease progression, while on plant growth parameters using variance analysis and if there were significant differences then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed red ginger clones including rather resistant criteria with a severity value of 25% while ginger empirical clones and elephant ginger clones were critically vulnerable with 75% severity values and 85.42%. Red ginger clones are more responsive to the infection of R. solanacearum bacteria so that the highest phenol content increases compared to other clones of 0.297 mg/ml, the phenol compounds that play a role in increasing plant resistance. In the variable growth of ginger emprit clone plants have a higher plant height and number of leaves compared to other clones, namely 43.83 cm and 15.44.

scholarly journals Sustainable Management of Soil-Borne Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum In Vitro and In Vivo through Fungal Metabolites of Different Trichoderma spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Yancui Guo ◽  
Zhenyu Fan ◽  
Xiong Yi ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

The efficacy of traditional control measures for the management of plant pathogens is decreasing, and the resistance of these pathogens to pesticides is increasing, which poses a serious threat to global food security. The exploration of novel and efficient management measures to combat plant disease is an urgent need at this time. In this study, fungal metabolites from three Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. virens and T. koningii) were prepared on three different growth media (STP, MOF and supermalt (SuM)). The fungal metabolites were tested in vitro and in vivo from March–April 2020 under greenhouse conditions in a pot experiment utilizing completely randomized design to test their management of the bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum in tomato plants. The effect of the fungal metabolites on bacterial cell morphology was also investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In vitro investigation showed that the fungal metabolites of T. harzianum obtained on the STP medium were the most effective in inhibiting in vitro bacterial growth and produced a 17.6 mm growth inhibition zone. SEM analysis confirms the rupture of the cell walls and cell membranes of the bacterium, along with the leakage of its cell contents. Generally, fungal metabolites obtained on an STP medium showed higher activity than those obtained on the other two media, and these metabolites were then evaluated in vivo according to three application times (0 days before transplantation (DBT), 4 DBT and 8 DBT) in a greenhouse trial to examine their ability to manage R. solanacearum in tomato plants. Consistent with in vitro results, the results from the greenhouse studies showed a level of higher anti-bacterial activity of T. harzianum metabolites than they did for the metabolites of other fungi, while among the three application times, the longest time (8 DBT) was more effective in controlling bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants. Metabolites of T. harzianum applied at 8 DBT caused the maximum decrease in soil bacterial population (1.526 log cfu/g), resulting in the lowest level of disease severity (area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) value: 400), and maximum plant freshness (with a resulting biomass of 36.7 g, a root length of 18.3 cm and a plant height of 33.0 cm). It can be concluded that T. harzianum metabolites obtained on an STP medium, when applied after 8 DBT, can suppress soil bacterial population and enhance plant growth, and thus can be used as a safe, environmentally-conscious and consumer-friendly approach to managing bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants and possibly other crops.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERLAKUAN BIBIT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PADA JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Titik Nur Aeny ◽  
Feriansyah Feriansyah ◽  
Subli Mujim
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Two Factors

Effect of seedling treatments on development of bacterial wilt disease of ginger (Zingiber officinale).   This experiment was aimed to study the effect of  seedling treatment with bactericide on incubation period and disease intensity of bacterial wilt caused by  Ralstonia solanacearum on ginger (Zingiber officinale).  The experiment was conducted from May to November 2001, and the treatments were set as factorial experiment in completely randomised design.  The first factor was the level of bactericide concentrations and the second factor was the length of soaking periods.  Each treatment consisted of  five plants and  was replicated three times.  Data were analysed with ANOVA and the means were compared with Duncan test.  The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of  bactericide concentrations with soaking periods was not significantly affected the incubation period and the intensity of bacterial wilt disease of ginger. However,  those two factors significantly (P < 0.01) affected  the incubation period and the intensity of ginger bacterial wilt disease.   Separation of the means by Duncan test indicated that the higher the bactericide concentration, the longer the incubation period. On the other hand, the disease intensity was lowered by the higher concentration.  The effect of  bactericide concentration 4 g/l was not significantly different from that of 6 g/l.   The analysis of variance was also showed that the length of soaking period of ginger seedling in bactericide did not affect the incubation period  nor the disease intensity.

scholarly journals Rhizobacterial community structure in grafted tomato plants infected by Ralstonia solanacearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Navitasari ◽  
TRI JOKO ◽  
RUDI HARI MURTI ◽  
TRIWIDODO ARWIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Navitasari L, Joko T, Murti RH, Arwiyanto T. 2020. Rhizobacterial community structure in grafted tomato plants infected by Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 21: 4888-4895. Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating soil-borne vascular disease of tomato leading to a 100% yield loss. One of the alternatives to suppress the infestation of R. solanacearum infestation is the application of grafting techniques, which has been studied and successfully practiced by tomato growers. However, the infestation mode of R. solanacearum and the rhizobacterial community structure in grafted tomato plants are poorly reported. In this study, the rhizobacterial community structure in grafted tomato plants infected by R. solanacearum was investigated. The experiment was conducted on tomato germplasms with the implementation of tube grafting using resistant rootstocks (Amelia from Indonesia, H.7996 from Asian Vegetable Research Development Center/AVRDC) and susceptible scion (Servo from Indonesia). The rhizobacterial community structure was analyzed by metagenomic study under 16S rRNA genes sequencing with a distinct region (16SV3-V4) that was amplified using a specific primer (16SV4: 515F-806R) 5’-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA and 5’GGACTACHVHHHTWTCTAAT. The results indicated that the grafted tomato plants and resistant rootstocks that were infected by R. solanacearum showed significantly lower intensity of bacterial wilt disease compared to the susceptible scion. The rhizobacterial community structure in the grafted tomato plants infected by R. solanacearum was indicated by predominant phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria with dominant genera of Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Besides, significant difference was also indicated by species of Geitlerinema sp. in the grafted tomatoes infected by R. solanacearum.

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