Between failure and success of the integration process: explaining the policy impact (the case of the fiscal and energy unions)

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Iaroslav Petrakov ◽  
Elena Kucheryavaya
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Market Solutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to explain why the EU integration efforts have different outcomes in times of crisis with regards to impact on key stakeholders. Besides traditional political theories of European integration, authors suggest to take into account the importance of behavioural intentions and stimuli to adhere to the reforms agenda. The research results presented in this article explain two recent deep EU crises: energy crisis and fiscal crisis, which evolved simultaneously, but resulted in different integration projects within the same political and institutional background. Authors analysed Eurobarometer public opinion surveys together with empirical data on the impact on stakeholders, based on available indicators in Eurostat. Authors found that the key for a policy to succeed in targeting agents’ and groups’ behaviour is its direct ties with stakeholders’ motivation which can be done only at market level. Thus, policy shift in integration areas should be reinforced by direct and clear market solutions and corrective mechanisms avoiding politically-relevant targets.

Fighting disinformation. The impact of the Covid-19 on youth trust in European Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Lucia D’Ambrosi ◽  
Isabel Iniesta ◽  
Mariaeugenia Parito ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The pandemic crisis and the linked infodemic are extraordinary cases to test the EU capability to manage the disinformation disorder, especially towards young people. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the EU communicative actions regarding disinformation about Covid-19, on trust and sense of belonging in young Italian and Spanish university students. The research presents an exploratory and quantitative study that uses a second-generation multivariate analysis method. The results show that trust can be very well the resource on which EU communicative actions may positively impact. Nevertheless, our study reveals that the EU in-stitutions measures have not increased sense of belonging in EU integration.

scholarly journals The EU Integration Process and its Role in the Albanian Sociopolitical Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Gjinko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Nearly thirty years after the fall of communism in Albania, European integration has been the main driving force for change and the real catalyst for reform. Today, a vast majority of Albanians continue to be convinced that the only way to develop, modernize and guarantee security is a full integration into the European family. The problem is not simply the duration of such an intermediate phase between obtaining candidate status and a full membership of the European Union. In fact, Albanians themselves are increasingly aware that the road to full membership of the European Union will be long, and that it will require a series of major and profound changes in the country, especially in the areas of the rule of law and functioning of institutions, along with implementing various standards that a society must meet in order to achieve this goal. The aim of this paper is to analyze Albanian use and abuse of the EU integration process in internal political discourse, reforms and transformation. A number of documents, publications and public speeches are examined in order to evaluate the impact of integration in this small, developing, post-communist country.

Trial Within a Reasonable Time and the Impact of Justice Reform in Albania

ICL Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Jonad Bara ◽  
Brunilda Bara
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractSince becoming a potential candidate country for the EU accession in 2000 and in particular after being granted candidate status in June 2014, Albania has taken many positive steps to meet the necessary standards for its EU integration, through among other things, strengthening democracy and the rule of law and the harmonization of its national legislation with the acquis communautaire. In 2016, as part of the pre-conditions for the opening of the accession negotiations for the country, the Albanian Parliament passed a major justice reform which brought about many constitutional and legislative changes, as well as changes to the organization and functioning of justice institutions in Albania. A key component of the reform was the transitional re-evaluation of judges and prosecutors (also known as the vetting process). While the reform itself was supported and praised by the EU and international institutions, the vetting process has affected the functioning of the Albanian judiciary at all levels. The paralysis of the justice system due to the low number of judges who successfully passed the vetting process, as well as the resignation of many others, has significantly increased the backlog and the number of pending cases before the courts. Thus, the aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of the justice reform on individual’s right to a fair trial within a reasonable time in Albania and state’s obligations to guarantee this right as provided by the Constitution of Albania and the European Convention on Human Rights.

scholarly journals Explaining Cooperation in the Council of the EU Before and After the Brexit Referendum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Markus Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Major Event ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Member States ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on the impact of the UK’s decision to leave the EU on cooperation within the Council of the EU. It does so by studying how cooperation between member states has changed from the period before the Brexit referendum to the period after. In the emerging literature on Brexit, it has been highlighted that member states that have been close partners to the UK will have to (and have started to) adjust their cooperation behaviour and form new alliances. While the structure of cooperation in the Council is often understood to be stable over time, suggesting that cooperation is mainly driven by structurally determined preferences that don’t easily change, a major event such as Brexit may force remaining member states to restructure their cooperation behaviour. Accordingly, it is expected and tested whether less structurally determined preferences have grown in importance for shaping patterns of cooperation in the immediate period following the Brexit referendum. Using survey data based on interviews with member state negotiators to the Council, asking about their network ties, compiled both in the period before and after Brexit referendum of 2016, it is shown that structurally determined preferences are important in both periods and that more volatile ideologically-based preferences on the EU integration dimension and GAL-TAN dimension have become important following the referendum. The article is informative both for those interested in the effects of Brexit on EU institutions, as well as those more generally interested in causes of cooperation patterns in the Council.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithuanian EU Integration on External Trade in Agricultural Products

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Miškinis
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
External Trade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The task of the study was to identify the impact of EU membership on Lithuanian trade in food products. The author has carried out an analysis of the inevitable and likely changes which will affect Lithuanian trade policy. terms of trade within the EU and the third countries, export and import volumes, and social consequences of these changes. The conclusions are based on a comparison of the existing Lithuanian and EU tariffs for key items of Lithuanian foodstuffs exports and imports.

The Open-Air Laboratory Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ruggieri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Air Laboratories ◽  
The Eu

<p>The Open-Air Laboratory is a novel concept developed by the EU-funded Operandum project (OPEn-air laboRAtories for Nature baseD solutions to Manage Environmental risk) to co-design, implement and assess the effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs). </p><p>In this work we present the Open-Air Laboratory Italy (OAL-Italy) and discuss the application of the OAL as a framework for the development of innovative NBSs to mitigate the impact of hydro-meteorological hazards in present and future climate.  By combining consolidated practices in an original multidisciplinary frame, the OAL-Italy deploys novel modelling strategies, laboratory measurements and targeted monitoring open-field campaigns. In three operational sites, the NBSs are implemented via a co-design, co-development  and co-deployment approach based on a thorough interaction with key stakeholders. By describing the structure and the approach of the OAL we illustrate salient features of the methodology developed in Operandum that are instrumental for the replicability and the upscaling of the NBSs. </p><p>Presented results address the use of the NBSs to mitigate a range of hydrometeorological hazards such as coastal erosion, flooding, storm surge and salt wedge intrusion. Innovative NBSs tested and developed by the OAL include: deep-rooted plants installed on a river embankment to prevent levee failures, special plants that can live in high salt concentration and remove salt from the river mouth water, an artificial dune and marine seagrass to mitigate the impact of storm surges and coastal erosion. We argue that the OAL constitutes an unprecedented holistic effort towards sustainable land management, adaptation to climate change and the acceptance of Nature-Based Solutions. </p>

scholarly journals Eu integration: the meaning of the common agricultural policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Integration has reached its highest level of development in the EU, and particular attention is drawn to the agrarian integration and resolution of these problems at the beginning of the integration process. This in its turn confirms the significant importance of the agrarian sector for the member-states. Although, the majority of this market participant does not trade agricultural products. The growing global food problem, the positive consequences of the CAP for EU integration, the significant importance of the agricultural sector for Ukraine, which is one of the major exporters of some agri-food products, and the existence of a number of regional trade agreements confirm the importance of research of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Purpose. It is pivotal to explore the importance of the EU CAP for the development of EU integration, its goals and changes, the mechanism, the formation of a common market. In addition, it is a positive experience of the integration group and Ukraine can learn a lesson if manages to analyze the EU’s place in the world market of agricultural products. Methods. The methods of theoretical generalization, historical method, method of analysis, comparison, and graphical method were used in the article for revealing the features of the CAP and the EU as an exporter of agricultural products. Results. The research shows the importance of the agrarian integration of the EU (it is confirmed by the CAP) and the impact of the CAP on the development of integration. In the case of enlargement of the EU, difficulties are often caused by agrarian policy. The article analyzes the aims of the CAP, which varied during the group history depending on a number of factors, and it shows its flexibility and compliance with urgent problems. The creation of a common market and the use of appropriate regulatory measures (which can also be used by Ukraine) are analyzed. It is determined that the EU is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of agri-food products, and its export share of many product is more than 30% or even 50%. Discussion. In further research it is advisable to focus on the stages and reforms of the CAP and to take into account some new aims CAP for the agricultural policy of Ukraine.

scholarly journals EU Integration in the (Post)-Migrant-Crisis Context: Learning New Integration Modes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-324
Author(s):  
Iryna Kushnir ◽  
Majella Kilkey ◽  
Francesca Strumia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Context Learning ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the integration of the European Union (EU) as an institution after the 2015–2016 migrant crisis. Qualitative data from elite interviews in Brussels and policy analysis, in the framework of a bigger project about the impact of the migrant crisis on European integration, highlight EU learning about new integration modes as a key theme following the crisis. The article focuses on this theme and argues that EU integration has been happening through intensive learning after the migrant crisis, whereby the EU has been exploring a combination of certain integration modes: shaping the relationships with candidate countries by restraining from enlargement; shaping the relationships with (prospectively) exiting Member States by considering fuzziness at the borders; and exploring differentiation among the existing Member States, possibly through promoting a two-tier EU, instead of universal deepening. A key contribution lies in applying the notion ‘learning’ to understanding EU integration modes specifically after the migrant crisis.

Europeanization of Political Structures and Public Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Javier Arregui
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Union Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the impact of European Union governance on the Spanish polity. More specifically, the research question that guides the chapter is the following: What consequences and effects have Spain’s membership of the EEC/EU had on the institutional evolution of the Spanish Political System? The chapter deals mainly with the impact on the main political arenas, policy structures as well as on the contents of the more Europeanized public policies. The chapter shows that there has been significant Europeanization of the main Spanish political arenas (legislature, executive, and judiciary) over the last decades. Moreover, the chapter also shows that the EU integration process has introduced a gradual adaptation process and relevant innovations within Spanish public policies, particularly those related to the construction of the European market as well as with the construction of the Economic Union.

scholarly journals Kosovo Integration in European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Rinor REXHEPI ◽  
Vigan SAHITI ◽  
Florim RULLANI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Kosovo is a new state which has just been established and has not yet been fully promoted in the international arena. Kosovo drafted a foreign policy strategy which consisted of key objectives such as lobbying for new recognitions and establishing diplomatic relations with the states that had recognized us. The purpose of the research is to measure the opinion of the citizens of Kosovo on the importance of Kosovo's integration into the EU, to measure the challenges, opportunities of Kosovo's citizens after integration, the impact it has on the economic field and to measure the opinion of state officials and experts on integration in EU. Total of 400 respondents from all over Kosovo, a senior government official and two integration experts participated in the research. The research was conducted through a survey of citizens through the online platform and interviews with officials. We confirm the results of the research that the citizens of Kosovo will not migrate even after Kosovo's integration into the EU, and the integration of Kosovo has a significant positive impact on the development and economic prosperity of businesses. On the other side, it has been found that there are gender differences in terms of their opinion on the impact that EU integration has, and some citizens fear that integration would negatively affect their lives. So we recommend that Kosovo should be integrated into the EU as soon as possible in order to have a genuine economic development and for this the future legislatures should work seriously on this.

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