Heroes for More Than One Day: Commemorating War

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200044
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The Face ◽  
War Commemoration

The commemoration of war is almost as old as war itself – and as war has changed so too has its commemoration. This article explores some of the changes, from the emergence of vernacular forms of memorialization to the process by which objects or practices take on commemorative meaning or, alternately, lose that commemorative meaning. Commercialization has had a significant impact on memorialization and so too has the advent of virtual commemoration, especially through social media. It concludes by surveying some of the challenges that historians of war commemoration may face in the Internet age, even in the face of some striking similarities in the nature of war memorialization.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

Obstacles and Adaptations of Mega-Events in São Paulo in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 728-746
Author(s):  
Daiane Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Madalena Pedroso Aulicino
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Internet ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face

The purpose of this research study was to identify how mega-events that had been established in the official calendar of SPTuris (São Paulo Tourism Company) in 2020, of the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, have adapted to the coronavirus pandemic. The study verified the impacts and obstacles caused in the event industry as well as the mitigation of such difficulties. A presentation was made on concepts, classifications of events, their history, and position in the market, including a description of actions by organizers not to stop all activities; the authors also included an interview with a representative of two companies in the event industry. The study conclusion was that most events opted for the internet and social media, in addition to drive-thru and delivery activities in the case of gastronomy; and that there have been gains in health safety and in the role of hybrid events in the future.

scholarly journals Some Reflections on Manuel Castells’ Book "Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age".

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The Media ◽  
Manuel Castells ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides critical reflections on Manuel Castells’ (2012) book Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age that analyses the “nature and perspectives of networked social movements” (p. 4) and gives special focus to the role of “social media” in movements that emerged in 2011 in Tunisia, Iceland, Egypt, Spain and the United States. I situate Castells’ book in an intellectual discourse that focuses on the political implications of social media and that has involved Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov. The article also discusses the role of social theory and empirical research in Castells’ book, presents as an alternative a theoretical model of the relationship between social movements and the media, discusses the implications that some empirical data that focus on social media in the Egyptian revolution and the Occupy Wall Street movement have for Castells’ approach, discusses how Castells positions himself towards capitalism and compares his explanation of the crisis and his political views to David Harvey’s approach. Section overview: 1. Introduction 2. Social Media and Politics: A Controversy between Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov 3. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Social Theory 4. Social Theory Recovered: A Model of the Relationship between Social Movements and the Media 5. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Empirical Research 6. Manuel Castells and David Harvey: The Question of Political Struggle - For or against Capitalism? 7. Conclusion

scholarly journals Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest – nowe perspektywy badawcze

Adeptus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Czarkowska ◽  
Anna Gumkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
New Research ◽  
Analytical Tools

Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest – new research perspectivesThe goal of this paper is to present the vast array of content that is emerging within social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest and analyze the ways in which they can be classified. This is a review of the available interdisciplinary methods and factors that should be taken into consideration when researching the genelogy of the texts that arise in the network. The Internet has changed the face of social communication. It has highlighted processes that were much less visible before. The challenge for researchers is to analyze the enormous amount of content and incorporate it into a classification system. Above all, statements made on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest, require analysis. Previous attempts to systematize them did not correspond to the reality of the network. Research on the Internet genres and communication forms requires the use of relevant analytical tools and interdisciplinary approaches. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest – nowe perspektywy badawczeCelem publikacji jest zaprezentowanie ogromnej liczby różnorodnych treści, które powstają w ramach platform społecznościowych: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram i Pinterest, oraz analiza dostępnych sposobów ich klasyfikacji. Chodzi zatem o przegląd dostępnych interdyscyplinarnych metod i czynników, które warto brać pod uwagę przy badaniach genologicznych tekstów, które powstają w sieci. Internet zmienił oblicze społecznej komunikacji. Uwypuklił procesy, które do tej pory nie były tak widoczne. Wyzwaniem dla badaczy jest analiza ogromnej ilości treści i ujęcie ich w system klasyfikacji. Analizy wymagają przede wszystkim komunikaty powstające w ramach mediów społecznościowych, takich jak Facebook, Twitter, Instagram i Pinterest. Dotychczasowe próby systematyzacji nie odpowiadały realiom sieci. Badania form gatunkowo-komunikacyjnych internetu wymagają wykorzystywania przynależnych sieci narzędzi analitycznych oraz podejścia interdyscyplinarnego.

The Internet and Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-368
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Magarian
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Online News ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Internet And Social Media

This chapter surveys the distinctive free speech problems raised by the Internet and social media, discussing the most pressing, prominent issues around Internet speech regulation, with attention to variations across legal systems. It begins by briefly describing the Internet’s communicative architecture. The chapter then looks at structural concerns that have limited online free speech or prompted regulatory attention in the Internet Age. These include inequalities of access; power relationships among governments, private speech intermediaries, and Internet users; and the ways the Internet’s architecture complicates effective regulation. Finally, the chapter considers key substantive issues for online communication, including hate speech, privacy, intellectual property, and the credibility and influence of online news sources.

Ready in the face of danger? Investigating preparation, mitigation, and media dependencies amongst those affected by the 2018 California Wildfires

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Lachlan, PhD ◽  
Christine Gilbert, MA ◽  
Emily Hutter, MA ◽  
Adam Rainear, PhD ◽  
Patric R. Spence, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
The Face ◽  
Evacuation Plan

The current study analyzes information-seeking tendencies, preparation, and mitigation behavior among those impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire and Woolsey Fire in California. Similar to previous work, results suggest that socioeconomic status was a strong positive predictor of having an emergency kit and evacuation plan in place. The internet and television were the two preferred sources of information, while the relative lack of importance of radio, interpersonal communication, and social media runs counter to past research in the area. Implications for emergency management are discussed.

Social Transformation and Online Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryan Maboloc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Technology ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Critical Theory Of Technology ◽  
The Individual

The Internet age has seen the influential rise of social media. Consumer culture is tied to this modern phenomenon. This paper begins with an exposition of Herbert Marcuse’s grounding in phenomenology and his subsequent critique of Heidegger’s apolitical Dasein. In explicating Marcuse’s critical theory of technology, this paper will retrace Hegel’s influence on Marcuse in the idea of the dialectic. The dialectic is an integral aspect of social transformation. While modern technology may be value-neutral, it is argued herein that the lack of depth in social media provokes thought and invites critical dissent. Marcuse believes in the capacity of modern tools to effect social reform through adaptation. But emerging pathologies from online technology also have pressing challenges. For instance, social media makes manifest a dominant order that can be manipulative. It can be said that particular interests, notably from business and capitalists, shape the type of consumer culture that online technology promotes. In advancing Marcuse’s relevance in today’s Internet age, the paper will explore how social media as a platform can truly liberate the individual from the ills that consumerism peddles online.

scholarly journals Abbreviations/Acronyms and Neologisms in English and French WhatsApp Communication: A Comparative Study and Implications for Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p99
Author(s):  
Marinus Samoh Yong
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Tools ◽  
Social Media Tool

Since the invention of the Internet in 1962 when J. C. R Licklider of MIT presented the first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking in his Galactic Network concept, what has come to be known as social media has gained a lot of prominence and momentum in the dissemination of information. Prior to the dawn of the Internet age other communication tools like the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer had served as precursors. A tool of immeasurable capabilities, the Internet is also a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. Other social media tools that have boarded this 20th Century information superhighway wagon include Yahoo co-founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994, Facebook co-founded mainly by Mark Zuckerbeg in 2004, Twitter by Jack Dorsey in 2006, WhatsApp by Jan Koum and Brian Acton in 2009 and Instagram by Kevin Systrom in 2010. Our focus in this paper is on the use of WhatsApp as a social media tool. Adjudged one of the fastest and easiest to use, people of all walks of life have taken full advantage of it. Our aim in this paper is to examine how it has impacted on the use of English and French by Anglophones and Francophones in Nigeria and Cameroon so far as neologisms and abbreviations are concerned. Our approach which is comparative in nature has as its principal tenet the implications for translation to and from the two languages involved in this study.

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