scholarly journals MICROSATELLITE DIVERSITY OF CROSSBRED HORSES RAISED IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dunja Rukavina ◽  
Danica Hasanbašić ◽  
Belma Kalamujić Stroil ◽  
Naris Pojskić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Arabian Horse ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity

The focus of this study was microsatellite diversity of crossbred horses raised in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 20 individuals (KBA group – 7 individuals, crosses between Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse and Arabian horse; KBR group – 9 individuals, crosses between Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain and Belgian horses, crosses between Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses and Holstein, crosses between Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain and Lipizzaner horses and KBN group – 4 individuals, crosses between Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse with an unknown origin of the other parent). The samples were profiled using 17 microsatellite markers. This method consisted of multiplex PCR procedure and generated reasonable amplification across all the loci. All samples were genotyped successfully. Considering all the observed parameters, VHL20 locus showed the highest microsatellite diversity. Locus HMS7 was the least variable in KBR group, while HMS1 locus was the least diverse in KBN group. The highest microsatellite diversity in KBA group was found at AHT5 locus while HTG6 locus was the least diverse. Obtained results suggest that the investigated populations of crossbred horses from Bosnia and Herzegovina are not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity, as indicated by the presence of reasonably high level of genetic variation. An increase in the inbreeding coefficient and sufficient heterogenity in KBN group indicate occurrence of consanguineous mating. The present research contributes to the knowledge of current status of genetic structure of the investigated crossbred horses.

scholarly journals Heterochromatic Stellate Gene Cluster in Drosophila melanogaster: Structure and Molecular Evolution

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei V Tulin ◽  
Galina L Kogan ◽  
Dominik Filipp ◽  
Maria D Balakireva ◽  
Vladimir A Gvozdev
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Protein Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Retrotransposon Insertion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Reading Frames

The 30-kb cluster comprising close to 20 copies of tandemly repeated Stellate genes was localized in the distal heterochromatin of the X chromosome. Of 10 sequenced genes, nine contain undamaged open reading frames with extensive similarity to protein kinase CK2 β-subunit; one gene is interrupted by an insertion. The heterochromatic array of Stellate repeats is divided into three regions by a 4.5-kb DNA segment of unknown origin and a retrotransposon insertion: the A region (∼14 Stellate genes), the adjacent B region (approximately three Stellate genes), and the C region (about four Stellate genes). The sequencing of Stellate copies located along the discontinuous cluster revealed a complex pattern of diversification. The lowest level of divergence was detected in nearby Stellate repeats. The marginal copies of the A region, truncated or interrupted by an insertion, escaped homogenization and demonstrated high levels of divergence. Comparison of copies in the B and C regions, which are separated by a retrotransposon insertion, revealed a high level of diversification. These observations suggest that homogenization takes place in the Stellate cluster, but that inserted sequences may impede this process.

Countering Threats

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Margarita Jaitner
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
High Level

The increased adoption of social media has presented security and law enforcement authorities with significant new challenges. For example, the Swedish Security Service (SÄPO) asserts that a large proportion of radicalization takes place in open fora online. Still, approaches to contain social media-driven challenges to security, particularly in democratic societies, remain little explored. Nonetheless, this type of knowledge may become relevant in European countries in the near future: Amongst other factors, the challenging economic situation has resulted in increased public discontent leading to emergence or manifestation of groups that seek to challenge the existing policies by almost any means. Use of social media multiplies the number of vectors that need law enforcement attention. First, a high level of social media adaption allows groups to reach and attract a wider audience. Unlike previously, many groups today consist of a large but very loosely connected network. This lack of cohesion can present a challenge for authorities, to identify emerging key actors and assess threat levels. Second, a high level of mobile web penetration has allowed groups to ad-hoc organize, amend plans and redirect physical activities. Third, the tool social media is as not exclusive to potential perpetrators of unlawful action, but is as well available to law enforcement authorities. Yet, efficient utilization of social media requires a deep understanding of its nature and a well-crafted, comprehensive approach. Acknowledging the broad functionality of social media, as well as its current status in the society, this article describes a model process for security authorities and law enforcement work with social media in general and security services work in particular. The process is cyclic and largely modular. It provides a set of goals and tasks for each stage of a potential event, rather than fixed activities. This allows authorities to adapt the process to individual legal frameworks and organization setups. The approach behind the process is holistic where social media is regarded as both source and destination of information. Ultimately, the process aims at efficiently and effectively mitigating the risk of virtual and physical violence.

Temporal changes in an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) population

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. East ◽  
J. Daren Riedle ◽  
Day B. Ligon
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Macrochelys Temminckii ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Data

Context Monitoring populations of long-lived species requires continuous long-term efforts. This is especially applicable for species that have experienced declines range-wide. Aims Our study assessed the current status of a population of wild Macrochelys temminckii and compared the present results to those from a survey conducted nearly a decade ago. Methods Trapping in 2010–2011 was conducted on two creeks within the refuge, during the months of May–July. Capture data were compared with data collected by similar methods in 1997–2001. Key results The population structure of M. temminckii was dominated by juveniles, with few large adults or small juveniles detected and a missing size class was evident. Retrospective analysis of 1997–2001 data revealed that the population was likely to be in decline even then, despite high capture rates. Conclusions The M. temminckii population showed significant declines that indicated that the population had experienced stressors of unknown origin. The status of M. temminckii at the refuge is concerning, given the protection afforded this remnant population. Implications Short-term data from 1997–2001 indicated a healthy M. temminckii population, whereas longer-term data showed that the population has declined, resulting in significant demographic changes. Continued monitoring will be necessary to develop management recommendations and track the impact of implemented management practices. Longer-term monitoring of long-lived vertebrates is required to identify population trends.

scholarly journals Attenuated Leishmania major Induce a High Level of Protec-tion against Leishmania infantum in BALB/c Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsi NOORPISHEH GHADIMI ◽  
Leila HOMAYOON ◽  
Reza SHAHRIARIRAD ◽  
Shakila FATEHPOUR ◽  
Mohammad RASTEGARIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the possible cross-protective effects of attenuated L. major against L. infantum in BALB/c mice. Methods: This experimental study was performed in 2017 in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The attenuated strain of L. major was prepared by continuous weekly subculturing of the parasite. Forty-eight female BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups. Group 1 injected (ID) with wild type of L. major; group 2 injected (IV) with L. infantum; group 3 injected (ID) with attenuated L. major; group 4 injected (ID) with attenuated L. major, and after three weeks challenged (IV) with L. infantum; group 5 injected (IP) with attenuated L. major; group 6 injected (IP) with attenuated L. major, and challenged (IV) with L. infantum (IV); group 7 injected (IV) with attenuated L. major; and finally group 8 injected (IV) with attenuated L. major and after three weeks challenged (IV) with L. infantum. Forty-five days post-infection, the parasite load in the spleen and liver of the mice was determined as Leishman-Donovan units (LDU). Results: The differences in mean of LDU of spleen between different groups were statistically significant (P<0.048). In addition, the differences in percent of infection in liver between pairwise comparisons of groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The highest intensity of infection was observed in group 2 while low intensity of infection was seen in groups 3, 4 and 5. Conclusion: Live attenuated L. major can induce substantial protection against L. infantum, particularly when the parasites were injected intravenously.

scholarly journals Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina using the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) multivariate method

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Grahic ◽  
Fuad Gasi ◽  
Mirsad Kurtovic ◽  
Lutvija Karic ◽  
Mirha Djikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
High Level

In order to analyze morphological characteristics of locally cultivated common bean landraces from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), thirteen quantitative and qualitative traits of 40 P. vulgaris accessions, collected from four geographical regions (Northwest B&H, Northeast B&H, Central B&H and Sarajevo) and maintained at the Gene bank of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences in Sarajevo, were examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the proportion of variance retained in the first two principal components was 54.35%. The first principal component had high contributing factor loadings from seed width, seed height and seed weight, whilst the second principal component had high contributing factor loadings from the analyzed traits seed per pod and pod length. PCA plot, based on the first two principal components, displayed a high level of variability among the analyzed material. The discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) created 3 discriminant functions (DF), whereby the first two discriminant functions accounted for 90.4% of the variance retained. Based on the retained DFs, DAPC provided group membership probabilities which showed that 70% of the accessions examined were correctly classified between the geographically defined groups. Based on the taxonomic distance, 40 common bean accessions analyzed in this study formed two major clusters, whereas two accessions Acc304 and Acc307 didn?t group in any of those. Acc360 and Acc362, as well as Acc324 and Acc371 displayed a high level of similarity and are probably the same landrace. The present diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina?s common been landraces could be useful in future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Next Generation European Research Vessels: Current Status and Foreseeable Evolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Nieuwejaar ◽  
Valerie Mazauric ◽  
Christian Betzler ◽  
Mafalda Carapuco ◽  
Andre Cattrijsse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Position Paper ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
European Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Science Community ◽  
High Level

This position paper provides a review of the current European research vessel fleet, its capabilities and equipment, assessing its ability to support marine science across the globe now and into the future. It particularly looks at current and future capabilities in the context of deep sea and Polar research. It also takes a wider vision, assessing the importance of these vessels in the ocean and earth observing landscape. This review includes not only technological but also human capabilities, looking at training needs for crew and technicians to ensure they can continue to deliver on critical science needs. It also considers the ways in which the current European fleet is managed.This Position Paper sets out recommendations for how the fleet will need to develop in the future to ensure that it will continue to provide the same high level of support to science globally, as well as highlighting ways in which management could be made more efficient. It is aimed at national- and European-level policy makers and funders, as well as the marine science community and the research vessel operator community.

scholarly journals Using nuclear microsatellite data to trace the gene flow and population structure in Czech horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
L. Putnová ◽  
R. Štohl ◽  
I. Vrtková
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
High Level ◽  
Equus Przewalskii ◽  
Assignment Success

Based on a data set comprising 2879 animals and 17 nuclear microsatellite DNA markers, we propose the most comprehensive in-depth study mapping the genetic structure and specifying the assignment success rates in horse breeds at the Czech population scale. The STRUCTURE program was used to perform systematic Bayesian clustering via the Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation, enabling us to explain the population stratification and to identify genetic structure patterns within breeds worldwide. In total, 182 different alleles were found over all the populations and markers, with the mean number of 10.7 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.459 (Friesian) to 0.775 (Welsh Part Bred), and the average level reached 0.721. The average observed heterozygosity corresponded to 0.709, with the highest value detected in the Czech Sport Pony (0.775). The largest number of private alleles was found in Equus przewalskii. The population inbreeding coefficient F<sub>IS</sub> ranged from –0.08 in the Merens to 0.14 in the Belgian Warmblood. The total within-population inbreeding coefficient was estimated to be moderate. As expected, very large genetic differentiation and small gene flow were established between the Friesian and Equus przewalskii (F<sub>ST </sub>= 0.37, Nm = 0.43). Zero F<sub>ST</sub> values indicated no differences between the Czech Warmblood–Slovak Warmblood and the Czech Warmblood–Bavarian Warmblood. A high level of breeding and connectivity was revealed between the Slovak Warmblood–Bavarian Warmblood, Dutch Warmblood–Oldenburg Horse, Bavarian Warmblood–Dutch Warmblood, and Bavarian Warmblood–Oldenburg Horse. The breeds’ contribution equalled about 6% of the total genetic variability. The overall proportion of individuals correctly assigned to a population corresponded to 82.4%. The posterior Bayesian approach revealed a hierarchical dynamic genetic structure in four clusters (hot-blooded, warm-blooded, cold-blooded, and pony). While most of the populations were genetically distinct from each other and well-arranged with solid breed structures, some of the entire sets showed signs of admixture and/or fragmentation.

scholarly journals Development Level of Brand Management at Banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Beriz Civic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Development Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The paper analyzes the development level of the brand management at the banks operating on the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The aim of the research was to establish to what extent certain elements of brand management are present and whether the brand management decisions are made based on the systematic or the ad hoc approach. The research results indicate that five banks in BiH have a very high level of brand management development. Making brand management related decisions for these banks is based on the systematic approach. It has been established that other banks in BiH have a lower level of brand management development and that for most banks in this group the process of making brand management decisions is characterized by the ad hoc approach.

Distribution of CRISPR spacer matches in viruses and plasmids of crenarchaeal acidothermophiles and implications for their inhibitory mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiraz Ali Shah ◽  
Niels R. Hansen ◽  
Roger A. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Archaeal Viruses ◽  
Extrachromosomal Elements ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
High Level

Transcripts from spacer sequences within chromosomal repeat clusters [CRISPRs (clusters of regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)] from archaea have been implicated in inhibiting or regulating the propagation of archaeal viruses and plasmids. For the crenarchaeal thermoacidophiles, the chromosomal spacers show a high level of matches (∼30%) with viral or plasmid genomes. Moreover, their distribution along the virus/plasmid genomes, as well as their DNA strand specificity, appear to be random. This is consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomal spacers are taken up directly and randomly from virus and plasmid DNA and that the spacer transcripts target the genomic DNA of the extrachromosomal elements and not their transcripts.

334 DNA SYNTHESIS DURING THE FIRST CELL CYCLE OF PORCINE OOCYTES FOLLOWING DIFFERENT ACTIVATION TREATMENTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
S.-A. Ock ◽  
D. Kang ◽  
J. Han
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nuclear Ploidy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Group 1

Inhibitors of protein synthesis and phosphorylation have been widely used for oocyte activation and have been reported to induce abnormalities in nuclear ploidy due to aberrant DNA synthesis (DNAS). The present experiment was designed to compare the DNAS during the first cell cycle of porcine parthenotes following different activation treatments. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.5 �g mL-1 LH and FSH, 10 ng mL-1 EGF, and 0.1% PVA for 22 h, and additionally cultured in media without LH and FSH for 22 h. MII oocytes were then electrically pulsed twice in 0.28 M mannitol containing 0.05 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 mM MgSO4 at 1.8 kV cm-1 for 30 �s (group 1), followed by 7.5 �g mL-1 cytochalasin B (CCB, group 2), 10 �g mL-1 cycloheximide (CHX, group 3), or 1.9 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, group 4) for 3 h. Eggs were incubated with 100 �M 5-bromo-222-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1 h at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after activation to evaluate DNAS (Adenot et al. 1997 Development 124, 4615–4625) by determining the BrdU signal under a fluorescence microscope. Experiments were replicated 4 times; results were expressed as mean � SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA by SPSS 10.0. The percentage of DNAS was calculated by dividing the number of BrdU-positive eggs by the total number of eggs used. DNAS in groups 1, 3, and 4 initiated at 2–3 h post-activation (hpa) but at 4–5 hpa in group 2. In group 1, DNAS was faint until 3 hpa, gradually increasing thereafter until 11 hpa (20.7 � 19.6, 29.4 � 17.0, 41.3 � 16.7, and 64.4 � 6.2, at 4–5, 6–7, 8–9, and 10–11 hpa, respectively). There was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase in DNAS at 10–11 h, but a significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease (34.3 � 6.4) at 12–13 hpa. In groups 2 and 3, after 4–5 hpa, DNAS gradually increased until 7 h (6.2 � 1.4 and 29.8 � 16.6 at 4–5 hpa, and 21.1 � 13.7 and 40.0 � 18.7 at 6–7 hpa, respectively), but a DNAS peak was observed at 8–9 h (44.6 � 9.0) in group 2 and at 10–11 h (40.5 � 22.1) in group 3. Interestingly, group 4 parthenotes showed a different DNAS pattern compared with other groups, as it started at 2–3 hpa (24.8 � 11.7), reached a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) high level at 4–5 hpa (56.3 � 9.0), and gradually decreased at 6–7 hpa (42.7 � 10.3) until 12–13 hpa (29.5 � 14.9). In conclusion, CCB, CHX, and 6-DMAP used for oocyte activation exhibited different patterns of DNA synthesis during the first cell cycle of porcine parthenotes. Therefore, further experiments are required to evaluate the molecular signaling that regulates DNAS, embryonic developmental velocity, and ploidy of 2-cell parthenotes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document