Acute effects of ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) on the structure of the cauda epididymidis in the rat: selective destruction of clear cells in the proximal cauda region

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
PD Temple-Smith ◽  
GP Risbridger
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis

Of eight groups of five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, three groups received an intraperitoneal dose of EDS (75 mg kg-1) in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide in water; 1:3) and three control groups received DMSO only. One EDS and one control group were killed 1, 2 and 3 days after treatment. One EDS+T group, given a 5-cm implant of T sufficient to maintain normal serum T concentrations, and one untreated control group were killed on Day 3. Epididymides were fixed by vascular perfusion and embedded in Epon/Araldite for light and electron microscopic studies. Epididymal duct diameters and epithelial heights were measured from 1-micron sections and structural changes were assessed from thin sections using a Jeol 100B electron microscope. Morphological studies showed a reduction in duct diameter and an associated increase in epithelial height in the proximal cauda epididymidis of the experimental groups. In the EDS+T implant group, epithelial heights were significantly greater than in controls but duct diameters remained unchanged. The most obvious structural change in the proximal cauda epididymidis was the selective destruction of clear cells in the epithelium. Initially, vacuoles were observed in the lateral intercellular spaces of the epithelium; large autophagic vacuoles then appeared in the clear cells, which had degenerated and disappeared from the epithelium by Day 3. Progressive infiltration of leucocytes into the intertubular interstitium, the epithelium and lumen of the proximal cauda was also observed. Loss of clear cells in the proximal cauda epididymidis was also seen in the EDS+T group, suggesting that clear-cell degeneration was not associated with reduced concentrations of circulating androgen. In all EDS-treated groups, however, clear cells and duct profiles in the distal cauda epididymidis remained unaffected. The reason for their protection from the effects of EDS has not yet been determined. These results suggest that, in addition to other specific lesions described in previous studies, EDS also has a direct effect on the rat epididymis that appears to be specifically targeted to the clear cells in the proximal caudal region.

High-voltage electron microscopic studies of inflammatory cell attachment during blood-brain barrier inflammation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
A.S. Lossinsky ◽  
M.J. Song
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron

Previous studies have suggested the usefulness of high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) for investigating blood-bram barrier (BBB) injury and the mechanism of inflammatory-cell (IC) attachment. These studies indicated that, in evaluating standard conventional thin sections, one might miss cellular attachment sites of ICs in their process of attaching to the luminal endothelial cell (EC) surface of cerebral blood vessels. Our current studies in animals subjected to autoimmune disease suggest that HVEM may be useful in localizing precise receptor sites involved in early IC attachment.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice and rats according to standard procedures. Tissue samples from cerebellum, thalamus or spinal cords were embedded in plastic following vascular perfusion with buffered aldehyde. Thick (0.5-0.7 μm) sections were cut on glass knives and collected on Formvar-coated slot grids stained with uranylacetate and lead citrate and examined with the AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM in Albany, NY at 1000 kV.

Cation Content and Transport Characteristics of the Sickle-Cell Erythrocyte and their Relationship with Structural Changes in the Membrane

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kurantsin-Mills ◽  
M. Kudo ◽  
S. Kojo Addae
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Potassium Efflux ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Active Sodium Transport

1. The intra-erythrocytic concentrations of sodium and potassium and the water content have been determined for haemoglobin (Hb) SS cells and negroid Hb AA cells. 2. The erythrocyte concentration of sodium was 40% higher and potassium 10% lower in the Hb SS than in the Hb AA cells. The cell water expressed as % weight of cell (corrected for trapped plasma) was identical for both cell types. 3. Normal Caucasian erythrocytes with Hb AA contained 40–50% less sodium but about the same potassium concentration as negroid Hb AA cells. 4. Potassium efflux into buffered iso-osmotic sucrose medium was much faster in Hb SS than in negroid Hb AA cells; ouabain-sensitive active sodium transport was twice as fast in the sickle-cell erythrocytes. Passive sodium efflux of erythrocytes suspended in a physiological medium was similarly faster in Hb SS cells. 5. Under the conditions of the experiments not less than 85% of the Hb SS erythrocytes appeared biconcave. Electron-microscopic examination of ultra-thin sections of Hb SS cells revealed marked discontinuities in the membrane. This suggests definite membrane alterations, which have probably resulted from the sickling-unsickling cycles occurring during the life-span of the cells. 6. It is suggested that the enhanced active sodium transport in the Hb SS erythrocyte is secondary to the augmented passive cation efflux, which in turn results from the leakiness of the erythrocyte membrane produced by the sickling-unsickling process.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Characteristics of The Blood-Air Barrier Interstitium in Fibrous Cavernous Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Comparison with Chronic Nonspecifi c Lung Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Elena P. Golubinskaya ◽  
Tatyana G. Filonenko ◽  
Michael N. Grishin ◽  
Anatoly V. Kubyshkin ◽  
Yulianna A. Yermola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Degeneration

Aim. To describe the ultrastructural characteristics of the blood-air barrier (BAB) interstitium in fi brous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis (FCT) in comparison with chronic nonspecifi c lung diseases (CNSLD).Materials and methods. The fragments of the pericavernal zone and lung tissue were taken for the study at the resection border from the dead or operated for CNSLD persons (n = 163), and the perifocal and boundary zone of lung tissue. 116 CNSLD patients were divided into 3 subgroups: 1) chronic lung abscess (n = 42); 2) bronchiectasis (n = 44); 3) lung cyst (n = 30). The lung fragments of 30 patients who died from pathology not associated with lung diseases (myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident) were used as a control group to compare the morphological parameters. The criteria for inclusion of patients in the study: age from 18 to 65 years, negative clinical and laboratory data on the presence of comorbid pathology (viral hepatitis B, C and HIV). For TEM, lung fragments 1×1×1 mm in size were cut out and fi xed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.2–7.4) and washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4), followed by dehydration in alcohols of an ascending concentration and placing in a mixture of Epon and Araldite resins according to the scheme. Ultrathin sections were made with Reynolds staining. Viewing and photographing preparations was carried out on a PEM-100 transmission electron microscope (Ukraine) (magnifi cation range from ×1000 to ×30 000). Results. It was established that changes in BAB components in all groups had similar features in the form of severe interstitial fi brosis, the signs of endothelial cell degeneration and destruction of varying degrees of severity, as well as the heterogeneity of the endothelial and epithelial basement membranes.Conclusion. Ultrastructural changes in the BAB components of the removed lung part in patients with FCT and chronic nonspecifi c lung diseases are characterised by a polymorphism with prevailing dystrophic and destructive changes in the perifocal zone of infl ammation, and compensatory-adaptive processes on the peripheral, especially at the resection border. 

THE MICROMORPHOLOGY OF THE TUBERCULATE SPORES OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes R. Edwards ◽  
Elizabeth L. Hazen ◽  
George A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Border ◽  
Thin Sections

An electron microscopic study of thin sections of the tuberculate spores of Histoplasma capsulatum is presented in which details of structure of the cytoplasm, cell border, and protruding tubercles as well as structural changes associated with growth and maturation of the spore are revealed. On the basis of the observations made on the fine structure, the mode of formation of the tubercles is considered.

Structural Changes Leading to Spore Formation in the Myxosporidian Parasite Ceratomyxa Shasta Nobel

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
R.L. Silliphant
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Structural Details

Ceratomyxa shasta is a myxosporidian effecting mortalities of various species of salmonidae along the western regions of the North American continent.1,2 It is generally accepted from studies of myxosporidian infected t i ssues that the trophozoi tes undergo hi stozoi c development into multi- nucleated complexes which eventually form 2 characteristic spores in the mother cell. Most of the studies of Ceratomyxa have been with the light microscope3 and because of the small size of the parasite much of the structural details were not evident.For the electron microscopic analysis of the sporont and the developing spore of C. shasta two sources of experimentally infected specimens were examined. These were thin sections of free floating developmental forms from the gall bladder and thin sections of intestinal caecae fixed at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days following infection. The trophozoites measuring 20 μm in diameter were observed to increase in number by 14 days, infecting the connective tissue layer between the intestinal epithelial mucosa and the muscularis layer.

Correction of Structural Changes in Thymus by Gentiana algida Pall Extract at Experimental Azathioprine Immunosuppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
V. B. Khobrakova ◽  
Ya. G. Razuvaeva ◽  
E. R. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of Gentiana algida Pall dry extract on microanatomy of CBA mice thymus at azathioprine immunosuppression. Material and Methods. Experiments were carried out on CBA male mice. Immune deficiency was modeled by intragastrical administration of azathioprine in the dose 50 mg/kg once a day for 5 days. The G.algida dry extract in the dose 50 mg/kg was administered to animals for 15 days against azathioprine. Morphological studies of the thymus were carried out on day 21 after the azathioprine administration. The area of the thymic lobule, the cortex and the medulla; the width of the cortex; the thickness and length of the medulla; the thickness of the capsule; the density of cells in the subcapsular zone and the deep layers of the cortex were measured using the Axio Vision SE64 Rel.4.8.3 image analysis program. The cellular composition was determined in the subcapsular and central zone of the cortex. Results. The G.algida extract limited the development of involutive changes in the thymus caused by cytostatic azathioprine: the cortex area was 16% higher and medulla area 17% lower compared with the control group. The ratio of cortex and medulla in experimental group was 1.4 times higher than that in the control group. The G.algida extract increased verage density of cells by 30% in the subcapsular zone. The number of blasts and large lymphocytes increased on average by 2.0 times in the deep layers of the cortex, and in the subcapsular zone - by 4.3 and 2.4 times, respectively, compared with those in control group. Conclusions: G.algida extract limited the development of pronounced involutive processes in the thymus at azathioprin immunosuppression (increased the mitotic activity of thymocytes, reduced the severity of destructive processes and prevented the growth of adipose tissue).

scholarly journals The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver of adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Maievskyi ◽  
Yu. Yo. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ito Cells ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the important tasks of modern science is to find biochemical markers that would be able to reflect the risks of development and the nature of the course of various diseases, as well as to predict their possible consequences. In recent years, a significant number of compounds that can affect the biochemical profile of the organism have been identified. Homocysteine – a product of methionine metabolism, belongs to one of these markers, and the effects of its influece on the structure and function of various organs are being actively studied by modern researchers. The aim of the study is to find the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear mature male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. In adult rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia at the ultrastructural level, dystrophic and destructive changes in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes in the walls of sinusoids and Kupffer cells were found. These changes were more pronounced than in young rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. Revealed structural changes in decompensation (depletion) of mitochondria – fewer number of cristae and enlightened matrix. In contrast to young rats, adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia in the perisinusoidal spaces showed elongated Ito cells, a significant proportion of the cytoplasm is occupied by the Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum tanks, indicating protein synthesis for export. In Ito cells, the content of fat droplets, which are located on opposite poles of cells, is reduced. This morphological picture manifests the transformation of Ito cells into fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ety Sri Handayani ◽  
Zainuri Sabta Nugraha ◽  
Prilly i Raleka Pahlevawati
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
T Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>BACKGROUND<br />Soursop leaf contains annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids. The<br />acetogenins act as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, suppress ATP<br />production and cause cell degeneration, whereas the alkaloids act as<br />neurotoxins. Neuronal degeneration will be followed by an increase in<br />neuroglia (gliosis). Hepatic clear cell foci represent the morphology of liver<br />degeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soursop<br />leaf extract on number of neuroglia brain gliosis and hepatic clear cells in<br />female rats.</p><p>METHODS<br />This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group<br />design. Ten female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into one control<br />and one treatment group. The control group was gavaged with distilled water,<br />while the treatment group was gavaged with aqueous soursop leaf extract at<br />a dose of 1000 mg/kgBW/day for 90 days. Rat brain tissue samples were<br />taken at day 91 with a transcardial perfusion technique. The number of<br />neuroglia in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and nucleus<br />accumbens and the number of hepatic clear cells were determined.<br />Independent t-test was used to examine the differences in the numbers of<br />neuroglia and hepatic clear cells between control and treatment groups</p><p>RESULTS<br />The results of independent t-test analysis found a significant difference in<br />the number of neuroglia in the cerebral cortex (p=0.015) and nucleus<br />accumbens of the rats (p=0.030), and significant differences in the number<br />of hepatic clear cells (p=0.029).</p><p>CONCLUSIONS<br />Aqueous soursop leaf extract orally increases neuroglia of the cerebral cortex<br />and nucleus accumbens, and hepatic degeneration in female rats.</p>

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Uriniferous Tubules

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
Peter M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Renal Glomerulus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Bowman's Capsule ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although there have been a number of recent scanning electron microscopic reports on the renal glomerulus, the advantages of scanning electron microscopy have not yet been applied to a systematic study of the uriniferous tubules. In the present investigation, scanning electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural morphology of the proximal, distal, thin loop, and collecting tubules. Material for observation was taken from rat kidneys which were fixed by vascular perfusion, sectioned by either cutting or fracturing technigues, and critically point dried.The brush border characterising proximal tubules is first detected on the luminal surface of Bowman's capsule adjacent to the urinary pole orifice. In this region one frequently finds irregular microvilli characterized by broad and flattened bases with occasional bulbous structures protruding from their surfaces.

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