Lactose malabsorption and colonic fermentations alter host metabolism in rats

Lactose malabsorption is associated with rapid production of high levels of osmotic compounds, such as organic acids and SCFA in the colon, suspected to contribute to the onset of lactose intolerance. Adult rats are lactase deficient and the present study was conducted to evaluatein vivothe metabolic consequences of acute lactose ingestion, including host–microbiota interactions. Rats received diets of 25 % sucrose (S25 control group) or 25 % lactose (L25 experimental group). SCFA and lactic acid were quantified in intestinal contents and portal blood. Expression of SCFA transporter genes was quantified in the colonic mucosa. Carbohydrate oxidation (Cox) and lipid oxidation (Lox) were computed by indirect calorimetry. Measurements were performed over a maximum of 13 h. Time, diet and time × diet variables had significant effects on SCFA concentration in the caecum (P< 0·001,P= 0·004 andP= 0·007, respectively) and the portal blood (P< 0·001,P= 0·04 andP< 0·001, respectively). Concomitantly, expression of sodium monocarboxylate significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of the L25 group (P= 0·003 att= 6 h andP< 0·05 att= 8 h). During 5 h after the meal, the L25 group's changes in metabolic parameters (Cox, Lox) were significantly lower than those of the S25 group (P= 0·02). However, after 5 h, L25 Cox became greater than S25 (P= 0·004). Thus, enhanced production and absorption of SCFA support the metabolic changes observed in calorimetry. These results underline the consequences of acute lactose malabsorption and measured compensations occurring in the host's metabolism, presumably through the microbiota fermentations and microbiota–host interactions.

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5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy Pretreatment Mitigates Ultraviolet A-Induced Oxidative Photodamage

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/9420745 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hui Hua ◽

Jiawei Cheng ◽

Wenbo Bu ◽

Juan Liu ◽

Weiwei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Control Group ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Ultraviolet A ◽

Hairless Mice ◽

Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Experimental Group

Aim. To determine whether 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is effective in combating ultraviolet A- (UVA-) induced oxidative photodamage of hairless mice skin in vivo and human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Methods. In in vitro experiments, the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) was divided into two groups: the experimental group was treated with ALA-PDT and the control group was left untreated. Then, the experimental group and the control group of cells were exposed to 10 J/m2 of UVA radiation. ROS, O2− species, and MMP were determined by fluorescence microscopy; p53, OGG1, and XPC were determined by Western blot analysis; apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; and 8-oxo-dG was determined by immunofluorescence. Moreover, HaCaT cells were also treated with ALA-PDT. Then, SOD1 and SOD2 were examined by Western blot analysis. In in vivo experiments, the dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated with ALA-PDT or saline-PDT, and then, they were exposed to 20 J/m2 UVA light. The compound 8-oxo-dG was detected by immunofluorescence. Conclusion. In human epidermal keratinocytes and hairless mice skin, UVA-induced oxidative damage can be prevented effectively with ALA-PDT pretreatment.

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Piglets produced by transfer of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro with thymosin: A case report

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (03) ◽

pp. 6356-2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KATARZYNA PONIEDZIAŁEK-KEMPNY ◽

BARBARA GAJDA ◽

IWONA RAJSKA ◽

LECHOSŁAW GAJDA ◽

ZDZISŁAW SMORĄG

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Control Group ◽

First Birth ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Research Material ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to examine the in vivo viability of in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos obtained from oocytes matured with thymosin. The research material for this study consisted of immature pig oocytes obtained from ovaries after slaughter and ejaculated semen obtained from one boar. The immature oocytes were cultured in vitro until the metaphase II stage in a medium supplemented with thymosin (TMS). The presumptive zygotes obtained were cultured in vitro for 4-40 hours. The presumptive zygotes and 2-4-cell embryos were evaluated in vivo after transferring them to synchronized recipients. After the transfer of embryos from the experimental group into 2 recipients (50 embryos into each gilt) and the transfer of 50 embryos from the control group into 1 recipient, both gilts that had received embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured with TMS became pregnant and delivered a total of 16 live piglets. After the transfer of embryos from the control group, no pregnancy was achieved. In conclusion, the results of our preliminary study suggest that the maturation of pig oocytes with thymosin supports the in vivo survival of in vitro produced embryos. It is important to note, that this was the first birth of piglets obtained after transfer of IVP embryos in Poland.

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Potato and high-amylose maize starches are not equivalent producers of butyrate for the colonic mucosa

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500002038 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 689-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Lucile J. M. Martin ◽

Henri J. W. Dumon ◽

Gérard Lecannu ◽

Martine M. J. Champ

Keyword(s):

Colonic Mucosa ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Portal Blood Flow ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Portal Blood ◽

Maize Starch ◽

Catheterization Technique ◽

High Amylose

Portal appearance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from fermentation of three different resistant starch (RS) sources (raw potato starch, high-amylose maize starch and retrograded high-amylose maize starch) was investigated in pigs. The catheterization technique coupled with determination of portal blood flow was used to estimate SCFA uptake by the colonic mucosa. Our hypothesis was that these three RS were not equivalent butyrate providers for the colonic mucosa and that butyrate uptake would therefore be different after in vivo fermentation of each starch. The starches induced different patterns of appearance of SCFA in the portal blood; raw potato starch was the only RS source to show a significant appearance of butyrate in the portal blood. Thus, uptake of butyrate by the colonic mucosa apparently differed between starches. This finding suggests that butyrate uptake does not only depend on the flow of butyrate appearing in the lumen. Indeed, for unexplained reasons, utilization of butyrate by the colonic mucosa appeared to be less efficient when the butyrate was produced from fermentation of potato starch than when it was produced from fermentation of the other RS sources.

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Sialic Acid and Sialylated Oligosaccharide Supplementation during Lactation Improves Learning and Memory in Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elena Oliveros ◽

Enrique Vázquez ◽

Alejandro Barranco ◽

María Ramírez ◽

Agnes Gruart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Behavioral Assessment ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Free Form ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

One Year

Sialic acids (Sia) are postulated to improve cognitive abilities. This study evaluated Sia effects on rat behavior when administered in a free form as N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or conjugated as 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL). Rat milk contains Sia, which peaks at Postnatal Day 9 and drops to a minimum by Day 15. To bypass this Sia peak, a cohort of foster mothers was used to raise the experimental pups. A group of pups received a daily oral supplementation of Neu5Ac to mimic the amount naturally present in rat milk, and another group received the same molar amount of Sia as 6′-SL. The control group received water. After weaning, rats were submitted to behavioral evaluation. One year later, behavior was re-evaluated, and in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) was performed. Brain samples were collected and analyzed at both ages. Adult rats who received Sia performed significantly better in the behavioral assessment and showed an enhanced LTP compared to controls. Within Sia groups, 6′-SL rats showed better scores in some cognitive outcomes compared to Neu5Ac rats. At weaning, an effect on polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) levels in the frontal cortex was only observed in 6′-SL fed rats. Providing Sia during lactation, especially as 6′-SL, improves memory and LTP in adult rats.

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How does intraarticular dexmedetomidine injection effect articular cartilage and synovium? An animal study

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-020-01148-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Başak Akça ◽

Aysun Ankay Yılbaş ◽

Filiz Üzümcügil ◽

Berkem Büyükakkuş ◽

Elham Bahador Zırh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Relief ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Animal Study ◽

Left Knee ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Arthroscopic Knee ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Intraarticular injections are widely used to provide pain relief after arthroscopic procedures and minimize the use of opioids. Dexmedetomidine has been proven to potentiate pain relief and postpone the demand for the first analgesic drug when it is used intraarticularly following arthroscopic knee procedures. However, the effects of dexmedetomidine on articular structures have not yet been evaluated. Our aim was to determine the effects of intraarticular dexmedetomidine injection on articular structures such as cartilage and synovium. Design Animal study. Methods Twenty adult rats (Sprague-Dawley) were enrolled in the study. Following appropriate aseptic and anesthetic conditions, dexmedetomidine (100 mcg/ml) (0.25 ml) was injected into the right knee joint (the study group) and normal saline solution (0.25 ml) into the left knee joint (the control group) of the rats. Four rats were sacrificed from each group on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21, and knee joint samples were obtained. Histologists evaluated the articular and periarticular regions and the synovium using histological sections, and a five-point scale was used to grade the inflammatory changes in a blinded manner. Results The groups were found to be similar in terms of median congestion scores, edema and inflammation scores, subintimal fibrosis, neutrophil activation and cartilage structure at each of the time intervals. Conclusion In our placebo-controlled, in vivo trial, the intraarticular use of dexmedetomidine seemed to be safe with respect to the studied histopathological parameters. However, complementary studies investigating the histopathological effects, analgesic dosage and adverse effects of dexmedetomidine on damaged articular structure models are needed.

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Experimental Application of Sage in Rabbit Husbandry

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200877040581 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 581-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. Szabóová ◽

A. Lauková ◽

Ľ. Chrastinová ◽

M. Simonová ◽

V. Strompfová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

E Coli ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Experimental Group

Salvia spp. belongs to the Labiatae family and is characterized by antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to test its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect against bacteria as well as to find an alternative possibility to use sage in the rabbit ecosystem examining biochemical, zootechnical and inmunological indicators, compared to the commercial feed mixture Xtract. Using the sage extract in in vitro tests, its inhibitory effect was noted. Under in vivo conditions, in the experimental group with sage (EG1), reduction of Pseudomonas-like sp. (p < 0.01) and E. coli (p < 0.01) was noted after 7 days of sage application compared to the control group CG2 (with Robenidin) as well as after 21 days of sage extract application, when the reduction of coagulase-negative staphylococci (p < 0.01) was detected (in comparison with the experimental group-EG2, Xtract group). In the caecum of rabbits from EG1, higher values of lactic, acetic and butyric acids were noted. The values of propionic acid were not influenced. Biochemical indicators were not influenced; however, the values of GSH Px were lower in EG1 compared to EG2. Higher phagocytic activity (18%) was noted in EG1 than in EG2 (13%) after 21 days of additives application. The reduction of Eimeria sp. oocysts was demonstrated in EG1 (sage group) after 7 days of sage application comparing to CG2 (217 OPG to 566 OPG). The animals in both experimental groups achieved higher feed consumption and weight gain, lower mortality compared to both controls. Neither of the additives had a negative influence on the health status and growth performance of rabbits.

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The In vivo evaluation of anticryptosporidiosis activity of the methanolic extract of the plant Umbilicus rupestris

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Author(s):

AFAF BENHOUDA ◽

DJAHIDA BENHOUDA ◽

MASSINISSA YAHIA

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Activity Level ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Group I ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract. Benhouda A, Benhouda D, Yahia M. 2019. In vivo evaluation of anticryptosporidiosis activity of the methanolic extract of the plant Umbilicus rupestris. Biodiversitas 20: 3478-3483. Umbilicus rupestris (Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant used in general traditional medicine to cure inflammation and irritation of the skin. The present research is aimed to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the methanolic extract of the plant URMeOH of U. rupestris against the Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rats experimentally infected. Twenty-one female rats were divided into two groups. Control group (group I) and experimental group (Group II). The group I was further divided into three equal groups (normal group infected and immunosuppressed infected group). The experimental group was divided into two immunosuppressed and four equal groups and two immunocompetent infected. Cryptosporidium oocysts were isolated from bovine species stools and used to infect rats. Experimental subgroups received URMeOH two as dose 100mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. and continued until 15 days. Two weeks after the administration of URMeOH, feces of rats were examined for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts by Ziehl-Neelsen and immunofluorescence techniques, the animals were sacrificed; their small intestines were processed and examined for the detection of pathological lesions after histopathological study. In addition, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured in sections of the jejunum. Concerned the results, we observed a statistically significant (P<0.001) increase in the number of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in the stool for sub infected immunosuppressed groups and an increase of MPO activity compared to the corresponding subgroups immunocompetent subgroups. The URMeOH could remove Cryptosporidium oocysts from feces and intestinal sections subgroup infected immunocompetent rats receiving URMeOH. Moreover, the oocysts were significantly reduced in all other subgroups experimental infected compared to infected control subgroups. Intestinal sections in all subgroups received URMeOH revealed a more or less normal architecture. In addition, the reduction of MPO activity level was also detected in all experimental subgroups.

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Evaluation of silver nanoparticles for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers: in vitro and in vivo

10.1101/2021.05.20.21256197 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Horacio Almanza-Reyes ◽

Sandra Moreno ◽

Ismael Plascencia-Lopez ◽

Martha Alvarado-Vera ◽

Leslie Patron-Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

High Risk ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Health Workers ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Group

SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital areas is of a particular concern, since the close interaction between health care personnel and patients diagnosed with COVID-19, which allows virus to be easily spread between them and subsequently to their families and communities. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel is essential to reduce the frequency of infections and outbreaks during the pandemic considering that they work in high-risk areas. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were tested in vitro and shown to have an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection in cultured cells. Subsequently, we assess the effects of mouthwash and nose rinse with ARGOVIT silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 contagion in health workers consider as high-risk group of acquiring the infection in the General Tijuana Hospital, Mexico, a hospital for the exclusive recruitment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We present a prospective randomized study of 231 participants that was carried out for 9 weeks (during the declaration of a pandemic). The "experimental" group was instructed to do mouthwash and nose rinse with the AgNPs solution; the "control" group was instructed to do mouthwashes and nose rinse in a conventional way. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower in the "experimental" group (two participants of 114, 1.8%) compared to the "control" group (thirty-three participants of 117, 28.2%), with a 84.8% efficiency. We conclude that the mouth and nasal rinse with AgNPs helps in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health personnel who are exposed to patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

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Assessment of the haematological profile after appendectomy using linear titanium stapler clips: An experimental study in rats

SCRIPTA MEDICA ◽

10.5937/scriptamed52-29805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Amela Bajrić ◽

Muhamed Katica ◽

Aida Katica ◽

Alisa Smajović ◽

Mujo Sivić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Good Practice ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Unfavourable Effect ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Haematological Profile ◽

Appendiceal Stump ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction: The technique of closing the appendiceal stump using linear titanium stapler clips is being used more and more frequently in laparoscopic surgery, despite the good practice in the use of resorbable single endoloop vicryl ligatures and/or the non-resorbable plastic hem-o-lok clips. No light has been shed on potential undesirable effects on the haemathological profile of the use of titanium stapler clips. This experimental study aimed at establishing any possible undesirable effect of linear titanium stapler clips and single resorbable vicryl endoloop ligatures on the blood cells in rats following appendectomy. Methods: A total of 70 adult rats were used, divided into a control group (n = 10), and two experimental groups (n = 30 + 30). The appendices were removed from the rats in the first experimental group using titanium stapler clips and in the second experimental group the appendiceal stump using resorbable endoloop vicryl ligatures was closed. In both experimental groups three sub-groups with ten animals each were formed, from which peripheral blood from a tail vein on days 7, 28 and 60 was removed postoperatively, in order to assess the usual haematological parameters. Stained blood smears were also analysed in order to establish any poikilocytotic erythrocytes present. Results: In the first experimental group, with the titanium stapler clips, more than 25 % neutrophils were found on day 7, which is a significantly different result (p < 0.05) to the control group. In the second experimental group, there were more neutrophils than in the titanium stapler clips group, especially on days 7 and 60 and the results of these two sub-groups differ statistically significantly, p < 0.05. Hypochromia was found in the endoloop vicryl ligatures group, as well as in the titanium stapler clips sub-group on day 28, due to lower haemoglobin values which were significantly different to the control group, p < 0.05. Moderate levels of annulocytes, spherocytes and stomatocytes were found in most experimental groups. Conclusion: The results of this study favour the use of linear titanium stapler clips over resorbable single endoloop vicryl ligatures, because a less unfavourable effect was established on the blood cells of the experimental rats with their use.

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Neurobehavioral and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Phytosynthesized Silver-Nanoparticle Toxicity in an In Vivo Rat Model

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Razvan Vlad Opris ◽

Vlad Toma ◽

Alina Mihaela Baciu ◽

Remus Moldovan ◽

Bogdan Dume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Regions ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Male Adult ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Altered Cell

(1) Background: The study aimed to assess neurobehavioral, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes induced by silver nanoparticles synthesized with Cornus mas L. extract (AgNPs-CM) in rat brains. (2) Methods: The study included 36 male adult rats divided into three groups. Over a period of 45 days, AgNPs-CM (0.8 and 1.5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered daily by gavage to two of the groups, while the control group received the vehicle used for AgNP. After treatment, OFT and EPM tests were conducted in order to assess neurobehavioral changes. Six of the animals from each group were sacrificed immediately after completion of treatment, while the remaining six were allowed to recuperate for an additional 15 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), GFAP immunohistochemistry, and evaluation of TNFα, IL-6, MDA, and CAT activity were performed on the frontal cortex and hippocampus. (3) Results: Treated animals displayed a dose- and time-dependent increase in anxiety-like behavior and severe ultrastructural changes in neurons, astrocytes, and capillaries in both brain regions. Immunohistochemistry displayed astrogliosis with altered cell morphology. TNFα, IL-6, MDA, and CAT activity were significantly altered, depending on brain region and time post exposure. (4) Conclusions: AgNPs-CM induced neurobehavioral changes and severe cell lesions that continued to escalate after cessation of exposure.

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