Morphometric features of rat pinealocytes in conditions of chronic ethanol intoxication

Ethanol has chronobiological effects, which are associated with inhibition of melatonin synthesis and secretion and disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. Ethanol is known to cause sleep fragmentation due to frequent awakenings, prolong wakefulness, and reduce the duration of the slow sleep phase. At the same time, changes in the morphology of the pineal gland under chronic exposure to ethanol remain poorly studied. Of particular interest are changes in the basic morphometric parameters of pinealocytes, because they are a marker of the functional state of the pineal gland. The aim of the study was to morphometrically study the features of morphological changes in rat pinealocytes in the physiological norm and in chronic ethanol intoxication. To achieve this goal, we used 20 laboratory male rats: a control group and an experimental group. The control group was under standard vivarium conditions. For the experimental group, alcohol intoxication was modeled by injecting a 40% ethanol solution at the rate of 12 mg/kg of body weight intragastric 4 times a day. The morphometric parameters of pinealocytes were studied on day 30 from the start of the study. According to the results of morphometric measurements, a significant increase in the parameters of light pinealocytes and a decrease in the parameters of dark cells were established. It was determined that the average values of the cytoplasm area of light pinealocytes increase by 54.55% (p<0.05), the area of the nucleus increases by 61.32% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleolus by 32.84% (p<0.05) compared with the control group. The area of the cytoplasm of dark pinealocytes decreases by 27.2% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleus by 37.33% (p<0.05). Changes in the ratio of light and dark pinealocytes were also noted. An increase in the number of active light cells by 8.17% was found. The detected morphometric changes indicate high functional activity of cells, which has a compensatory nature in response to apoptosis of pinealocytes.

Download Full-text

REMODELING OF THE DUCT SYSTEM OF THE RAT SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLANDS IN CHRONIC ETHANOL INTOXICATION

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202001125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 128-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kostyantyn V. Shevchenko ◽

Galina A. Yeroshenko ◽

Оlena V. Vilkhova ◽

Denis R. Kramarenko ◽

Оlena S. Yakushko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Conventional Technique ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Lumen Diameter ◽

Control Group ◽

Duct System ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Submandibular Glands ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Granular Ducts

The aim: To determine the dynamics of changes in metric parameters of the duct system of rat submandibular glands in normal conditions and chronic ethanol intoxication. Materials and methods: 50 albino outbred rats were involved in the experiment. 10 animals were assigned in the control group, 40 animals – in the experimental group. Animals were sacrificed on 5, 9, 12 and 30 days by overdose of thiopental anesthesia. Pieces of the submandibular glands were embedded into epon-812 according to the conventional technique. Results: On day 5 of the experiment the lumen diameter of intercalated duct reduced by 9,15 % (р <0,05). The lumen diameter of the striated ducts was by 5,29 % significantly greater than the values in controls (р <0,05). The lumen diameter of the granular ducts reduced by 2,45 % (р <0,05). On day 30 of the experiment the height of the epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts was by 8,47 % significantly less (р <0,05), the height of the epithelial cells of the striated ducts was by 12,27 % less (р <0,05) and the height of the epithelial cells of the granular ducts was by 11,96 % less (р <0,05) than the values in controls. Conclusions: No recovery of parameters occurs by day 30 of the experiment, indicating the depletion of the secretory epithelium of the duct system, due to dystrophic changes caused by vascular disorder in the microvasculature.

Download Full-text

MORPHOMETRIC DESCRIPTION OF THE EXCHANGE SEGMENT OF MICROVASCULATURE OF RATS’ SALIVARY GLANDS IN NORMAL CONDITIONS AND CHRONIC ETHANOL INTOXICATION

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201903103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 323-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kostyantyn V. Shevchenko ◽

Galyna A. Yeroshenko ◽

Оlena S. Yakushko ◽

Kateryna S. Kazakova ◽

Denys R. Kramarenko

Keyword(s):

Standard Procedure ◽

Early Observation ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Submandibular Glands ◽

Intact Group ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication

Introduction: The state of the segments of the microvasculature, especially exchange one, has a significant effect on the organs’ functions. The results of it’s research can be objectified by morphometric method. The aim: to determine the dynamics of changes in metric indices of the exchange segment of microvasculature of rats’ submandibular glands in normal conditions and in chronic ethanol intoxication. Materials and methods: 45 albino rats were involved into study. Intact group (n=5) animals were administered with NaCl isotonic solution 4 times a day directly into the stomach. Experimental group (n=40) animals were administered with 40° ethanol 4 times a day directly into the stomach. Animals were sacrificed on 5, 9, 12 and 30 days by overdose of thiopental anesthesia. Lobules of submandibular glands were embedded into epon-812 according to standard procedure. Results: On day 5 of the experiment the outer diameter of the capillary wall significantly reduced (4,91±0,02 μm), that is 19,5 % less than the values in controls (р<0,05). On day 9 of the experiment it was 15,2 % lower than the value of control group (р>0,05). On day 30 of the experiment the outer capillary diameter was 8 % lower compared to controls (р<0,05). Conclusions: The early observation showed vasodilatation, confirmed by the constriction of the outer diameter and lumen diameter, accompanied by the thickening of the vascular wall under the influence of chronic ethanol intoxication. The indices did not come to normal values by the 30-th day of the experiment.

Download Full-text

Structural and Functional Fundamentals of Alcoholic Disease

Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology Coloproctology ◽

10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-5-7-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. S. Paukov ◽

T. M. Voronina ◽

Yu. A. Kirillov ◽

E. M. Malysheva

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Lethal Outcome ◽

Key Points ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication ◽

New Perspective ◽

Two Stages ◽

Alcoholic Disease

Aim. To suggest a new perspective on chronic alcohol intoxication by means of investigating the associated severe multiple organ pathology, which frequently becomes the cause of lethal outcome in patients suffering from drunkenness and alcoholism.Key points. The empirical basis of the study consisted in the analysis of autopsy results obtained from 1,115 corpses of persons having abused alcohol during their lifetime. In addition, 800 experiments on rats were carried out. As a result, a concept of alcoholic disease (AD) is proposed. AD is defined as a condition, in which chronic ethanol intoxication leads to the development of morphological changes in organs and systems: from minimal injuries of the microcirculatory pathway to a multiple organ pathology showing signs of alcoholism. AD pathogenesis is demonstrated to undergo 3 major stages, from (1) episodic alcohol intoxication, through (2) drunkenness and to (3) alcoholism. It is noted that, while the morphological changes are considered to be reversible during the first two stages, they become irreversible at the stage of alcoholism.Conclusion. It is concluded that the forms of the disease that involve the described morphological changes in organs and systems should be primarily treated by physicians, not by psychiatrists and narcology practitioners who are only capable of dealing with the psychological aspect of the problem.

Download Full-text

The Role of Pineal Gland and Exogenous Melatonin on the Irradiation Stress Response of Suprarenal Gland

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2006.3112 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Selma Aličelebić ◽

Zakira Mornjaković ◽

Irfan Šuško ◽

Esad Ćosović ◽

Amira Beganović-Petrović

Keyword(s):

Pineal Gland ◽

Protective Role ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Suprarenal Gland ◽

Irradiation Stress ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Pineal gland has and antistressogenic role. Its main hormone, melatonin, has radio protective effect on endocrine and other dynamic tissues. In our previous study, we have shown that pinealectomy changes the behavior of suprarenal gland in totally irradiated rats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on suprarenal gland of rats with or without pineal gland. Four months after pinealectomy (experimental group) or shampinealectomy (control group), adult Wistar male rats were daily treated with 0,2 mg of melatoninintraperitoneally, during two weeks. Thereafter, all animals were totally irradiated with 8 Gy of Gamma rays produced from Cobalt 60. Animals who survived were sacrificed on the 17(th) post irradiation day. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the suprarenal gland were studied using histological methods. The results show that exogenous melatonin had protective role on suprarenal gland in totally irradiated rats and that those effects were more pronounced in the presence of pineal gland.

Download Full-text

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER IN CASE OF POISONING WITH ETHANOL

Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine ◽

10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-2-21-26 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. N. Travenko ◽

V. A. Porodenko

Keyword(s):

Liver Damage ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Medical Examination ◽

Character Degree ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Ethanol Poisoning ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication

The article analyzes the data of autopsy and pathohistological examination of persons who died from ethanol poisoning against the background of various forms of alcoholic liver damage – adaptive hepatopathy (AGP), steatosis (AS), hepatitis (AG), cirrhosis (AC); assesses the morphological changes of the liver. New data on localization, character, degree of steatosis and fibrosis in liver acinuses were obtained. The results of the study can be used as additional criteria for the diagnosis of acute and chronic ethanol intoxication, which allows to objectify the expert conclusions in the production of forensic medical examination (research) of the corpse.

Download Full-text

Photoperiodism as a Modiﬁer of Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Morphological Properties of Pineal Gland

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2006.3136 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamara Lukač ◽

Amela Matavulj ◽

Milica Matavulj ◽

Vesna Rajković ◽

Bogosav Lažetić

Keyword(s):

Pineal Gland ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Volume Density ◽

Male Rats ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Ii

The aim of our study was to determine, using histological and stereological methods, whether photoperiodism has any impact on the effects that chronic (three-month long) exposure to LF-EMF (50Hz) has on morphological characteristics on rat's pineal gland. The experiment was performed on 48 Mill Hill male rats (24 experimental and 24 control). Upon birth, 24 rats were exposed for 7h a day, 5 days a week for 3 months to LF-EMF (50 Hz, 50-500microT, 10V/m). In the winter (short days, long nights), the activity of the pineal gland and neuroendocrine sensitivity is increased. The study was performed both during summer and winter, following the identical protocol. After sacrifice of animals, samples of pineal gland were processed for HE staining and then were analyzed using the methods of stereology. The most significant changes in epiphysis in the first group of animals in wintertime are: altered glandular feature, hyperemia, reduced pinealocytes with pale pink, poor cytoplasm and irregular, stick-form nuclei. In the second group (II) pinealocytes are enlarged, with vacuolated cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, enlarged nucleus. Morphological changes of pineal gland at rats in the summertime were not as intense as in the winter and finding of the gland in the group II is compatible with those from the control group. Stereological results show both in winter and summer in the first group the decrease of volume density of pinealocytes, their cytoplasm and nuclei and in the second group in winter increase the volume density of pinealocytes, cytoplasm and nuclei, while in the second group the results in summertime are equal to those from the control group. Photoperiodism is modifier of effect of LF-EMF on morphological structure of pineal gland, because the gland recovery is incomplete in winter and reversible in summer.

Download Full-text

ULTRASTRUCTURAL REMODELING OF RAT SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS IN CHRONIC ETHANOL INTOXICATION

World of Medicine and Biology ◽

10.26724/2079-8334-2020-3-73-175-178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (73) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

G.А. Yeroshenko ◽

K.V. Shevchenko ◽

O.D. Lisachenko ◽

O.V. Vilhova ◽

O.S. Yakushko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Submandibular Glands ◽

Chronic Ethanol Intoxication

Download Full-text

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

Bulletin Biomedicine and sociology ◽

10.26787/nydha-2618-8783-2020-5-3-41-47 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Semeleva E.V. ◽

Blinova E.V. ◽

Zaborovsky A.V. ◽

Vasilkina O.V. ◽

Shukurov A.S.

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zinc Salt ◽

Control Group ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cord Injury ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Acid Compound ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

Download Full-text

REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

Acta medica Eurasica ◽

10.47026/2413-4864-2021-2-34-43 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽

Valentina S. Gordova ◽

Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽

Alina T. Smorodchenko

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽

Unit Area ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

Silicon Compound ◽

Average Cell ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

Download Full-text