scholarly journals Photoperiodism as a Modifier of Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Morphological Properties of Pineal Gland

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Lukač ◽  
Amela Matavulj ◽  
Milica Matavulj ◽  
Vesna Rajković ◽  
Bogosav Lažetić
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Ii

The aim of our study was to determine, using histological and stereological methods, whether photoperiodism has any impact on the effects that chronic (three-month long) exposure to LF-EMF (50Hz) has on morphological characteristics on rat's pineal gland. The experiment was performed on 48 Mill Hill male rats (24 experimental and 24 control). Upon birth, 24 rats were exposed for 7h a day, 5 days a week for 3 months to LF-EMF (50 Hz, 50-500microT, 10V/m). In the winter (short days, long nights), the activity of the pineal gland and neuroendocrine sensitivity is increased. The study was performed both during summer and winter, following the identical protocol. After sacrifice of animals, samples of pineal gland were processed for HE staining and then were analyzed using the methods of stereology. The most significant changes in epiphysis in the first group of animals in wintertime are: altered glandular feature, hyperemia, reduced pinealocytes with pale pink, poor cytoplasm and irregular, stick-form nuclei. In the second group (II) pinealocytes are enlarged, with vacuolated cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, enlarged nucleus. Morphological changes of pineal gland at rats in the summertime were not as intense as in the winter and finding of the gland in the group II is compatible with those from the control group. Stereological results show both in winter and summer in the first group the decrease of volume density of pinealocytes, their cytoplasm and nuclei and in the second group in winter increase the volume density of pinealocytes, cytoplasm and nuclei, while in the second group the results in summertime are equal to those from the control group. Photoperiodism is modifier of effect of LF-EMF on morphological structure of pineal gland, because the gland recovery is incomplete in winter and reversible in summer.

scholarly journals Morphometric features of rat pinealocytes in conditions of chronic ethanol intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
V.V. Pshychenko ◽  
V.S. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Experimental Group

Ethanol has chronobiological effects, which are associated with inhibition of melatonin synthesis and secretion and disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. Ethanol is known to cause sleep fragmentation due to frequent awakenings, prolong wakefulness, and reduce the duration of the slow sleep phase. At the same time, changes in the morphology of the pineal gland under chronic exposure to ethanol remain poorly studied. Of particular interest are changes in the basic morphometric parameters of pinealocytes, because they are a marker of the functional state of the pineal gland. The aim of the study was to morphometrically study the features of morphological changes in rat pinealocytes in the physiological norm and in chronic ethanol intoxication. To achieve this goal, we used 20 laboratory male rats: a control group and an experimental group. The control group was under standard vivarium conditions. For the experimental group, alcohol intoxication was modeled by injecting a 40% ethanol solution at the rate of 12 mg/kg of body weight intragastric 4 times a day. The morphometric parameters of pinealocytes were studied on day 30 from the start of the study. According to the results of morphometric measurements, a significant increase in the parameters of light pinealocytes and a decrease in the parameters of dark cells were established. It was determined that the average values of the cytoplasm area of light pinealocytes increase by 54.55% (p<0.05), the area of the nucleus increases by 61.32% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleolus by 32.84% (p<0.05) compared with the control group. The area of the cytoplasm of dark pinealocytes decreases by 27.2% (p<0.05), and the area of the nucleus by 37.33% (p<0.05). Changes in the ratio of light and dark pinealocytes were also noted. An increase in the number of active light cells by 8.17% was found. The detected morphometric changes indicate high functional activity of cells, which has a compensatory nature in response to apoptosis of pinealocytes.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽  
Valentina S. Gordova ◽  
Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽  
Alina T. Smorodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Compound ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Features of the morphological structure of the placenta in pregnant women with preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Volodymyr I. Chermak ◽  
Ihor I. Chermak ◽  
Chukwuanyinonso O. Ikeotuonye ◽  
Anatolii Ya. Senchuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Group ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

To study morphological features of the placenta in women in labor, pregnancy which complicated by preeclampsia we studied 26 placentae, of which 17 were from pregnant women with mild to moderate preeclampsia (basic group) and 9 from healthy women (control group). Histologically the study was conducted with methodically recommendations of T.D. Zadorozhnaya et al. for light microscopy. During the study of morphological features of the placenta in women in labor with preeclampsia were installed morphological changes in the placenta, which reflect a tendency to develop compensatory-adaptive reactions following their stress and exhaustion, which is a sign of placental insufficiency. Received data allow claiming a high frequency of development placental insufficiency in pregnant women with risk factors such as chronic salpingo-oophoritis, anemia, late preeclampsia, and inflammation diseases kidney.

New approach for reproductive toxicity assessment: chromatoid bodies as a target for methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in prepubertal male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
M. S. Garcia ◽  
W. A. Orcini ◽  
R. L. Peruquetti ◽  
J. E. Perobelli
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects

This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and Aroclor (Sigma-Aldrich), alone or in combination, following exposure of prepubertal male rats considering the chromatoid body (CB) as a potential target. The CB is an important molecular regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis, primarily during spermatid cytodifferentiation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MeHg and/or Aroclor , according the following experimental design: control group, which was administered in corn oil (vehicle) only; MeHg-treated group, which was administered 0.5mg kg−1 day−1 MeHg; Aroclor-treated group, which was administered 1mg kg−1 day−1 Aroclor; Mix-LD, group which was administered a low-dose mixture of MeHg (0.05mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (0.1mg kg−1 day−1); and Mix-HD group, which was administered a high-dose mixture of MeHg (0.5mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (1.0mg kg−1 day−1). MeHg was diluted in distilled water and Aroclor was made up in corn oil (volume 1mL kg−1). Rats were administered the different treatments from PND23 to PND53 by gavage, . The morphophysiology of CBs was analysed, together with aspects of steroid hormones status and regulation, just after the last treatment on PND53. In addition, the long-term effects on sperm parameters were assessed in adult animals. MeHg exposure increased mouse VASA homologue (MVH) protein levels in seminiferous tubules, possibly affecting the epigenetic status of germ cells. Aroclor produced morphological changes to CB assembly, which may explain the observed morphological defects to the sperm flagellum and the consequent decrease in sperm motility. There were no clear additive or synergistic effects between MeHg and Aroclor when administered in combination. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MeHg and Aroclor have independent deleterious effects on the developing testis, causing molecular and morphological changes in CBs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CBs are targets for toxic agents.

The insulin effects on the morphological structure of the kidneys in wistar rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Субботина ◽  
Tatyana Subbotina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
White Rats

The study of morphological changes in the kidneys of white rats after intramuscular injection of insulin at a dose of 1 IU/kg of body weight was carried out. The insulin effect was amplified using stress models of immobilization and swimming. Blood samples from tail vein of rats were taken to confirm the action of insulin. At autopsy, the authors conducted the fence venous blood flowing from the kidneys. Comparison with a control group showed that morphological changes in the renal parenchyma were formed after the insulin introduction and characterized by venous congestion in the microvasculature, ischemic changes in the renal parenchyma with areas of hemorrhage, thickening of the basement membrane, expansion of tubules, hydropic degeneration of the epithelium, hypertrophy and enlargement of the loops of the glomeruli. Measurement of glucose in venous blood flowing from the kidneys revealed hyperglycemia. The morphological changes in the tissues of the kidney indicate the development of venous congestion, glomerular hyperfiltration and hypovolemia, hypertension, glycosuria, glycosylation membranes, the deposition of glycogen in the epithelium of kidney tubules, microalbuminuria. The obtained results allow to draw attention to the fact that among the factors of damage during the development of diabetic nephropa-thy, a hyperinsulinemia may have a negative impact

Volumetric and morphological characteristics of the hippocampus are associated with progression to schizophrenia in patients with first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sauras ◽  
A. Keymer ◽  
A. Alonso-Solis ◽  
A. Díaz ◽  
C. Molins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
One Year

AbstractBackground:Abnormalities in the hippocampus have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it is still unclear whether certain abnormalities are a pre-existing vulnerability factor, a sign of disease progression or a consequence of environmental factors. We hypothesized that first-episode psychosis patients who progress to schizophrenia after one year of follow up will display greater volumetric and morphological changes from the very beginning of the disorder.Methods:We studied the hippocampus of 41 patients with a first-episode psychosis and 41 matched healthy controls. MRI was performed at the time of the inclusion in the study. After one year, the whole sample was reevaluated and divided in two groups depending on the diagnoses (schizophrenia vs. non-schizophrenia).Results:Patients who progressed to schizophrenia showed a significantly smaller left hippocampus volume than control group and no-schizophrenia group (F = 3.54; df = 2, 77; P = 0.03). We also found significant differences in the morphology of the anterior hippocampus (CA1) of patients with first-episode psychosis who developed schizophrenia compared with patients who did not.Conclusions:These results are consistent with the assumption of hyperfunctioning dopaminergic cortico-subcortical circuits in schizophrenia, which might be related with an alteration of subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, along the course of the disease. According with these results, hippocampus abnormalities may serve as a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in patients with a first-episode psychosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of histological changes in peri-implant bone tissue after ultrasound application at early healing stages

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Rubnikovich ◽  
I.S. Khomich
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Dental Implantation

The aim was to study the nature of the morphological changes over time in the bone tissue around the implants under the influence of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the experiment. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on rabbits of the chinchilla breed, with dental implants installed in the tibia – two experimental groups with ultrasound and one control group. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and histological examination of the sections of peri-implant tissues was carried out. Results. The processes of osseointegration of dental implants in all groups of animals occurred without disrupting the normal process sequence. In the early stages granulation tissue is formed, later it is replaced by fibrous-reticular and coarse-fibrous bone tissue, and at the end – by a more mature lamellar bone tissue. However, the timing and degree of maturation of bone tissue, as well as osseointegration of implants in groups using low-frequency low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and without it differed significantly. The study showed that ultrasound exposure to implants and surrounding tissues induces osteoreparation processes, stimulating neoangiogenesis in granulation and newly formed bone tissue. Conclusion. Application of ultrasound to implants and subsequent application to the peri-implant tissues during and after dental implantation promotes the formation of bone tissue, identical by the histostructure to the maternal bone.

scholarly journals Enterosgel role in neurodegenerative changes in the retina rats under the influence of Cr (VI) - induced retinopathy by study morphological changes in dynamic

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Olena Kuzenko ◽  
Yevhen Kuzenko ◽  
Yuri Demin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Chromium galvanic production have leaded to biosphere pollution. Therefore advisable to study of role in the neurodegenerative development in retinal diseases under experimental conditions. The aim is to study the Enterosgel effect on morphological changes in rats retina with Cr(VI) – induced retinopathy. Materials and methods. An experimental study had carried out on 72 outbred white male rats. The rats had divided into 3 groups: I – control group of intact rats (n = 24). Control rats were received drinking water, II group – rats (n = 24), were received drinking water with Cr (VI) (K2Cr2O7) – 0.02 mol/L, III group – animals (n = 24) were received drinking water with K2Cr2O7– 0.02 mol/L and hydrogel methylsilicic acid (Enterosgel) at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg per day as a corrector. The animals had been decapitated under ether anesthesia. The retina had been studied on days 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment. Morphologically and morphometrically they had analyzed. Results. According to histological studies, it has proved that Cr (VI) causes dystrophic and degenerative changes in all rats retina layers. They increase as the duration of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel as a corrective therapy showed positive results in restoring the morphological structure of rats retina. After Enterosgel 20 days using as a corrector of Cr (VI) exposure, there is a barely noticeable swelling of the outer and inner nuclear layers. Other layers of the retina, morphologically, look undamaged. Forty days Enterosgel treatment have outer and inner nuclear layer edema of retina of animals persists but does not increase. It is easy noticeable swelling of the outer and inner layers of mesh, but no signs of damage processes of cell populations nuclear layers. State ganglionic layer and nerve fiber layer entirely satisfactory. These pathological changes are not critical. After 60 days from the beginning of loading of Cr (VI) and application of Enterosgel in the retina of rats there are initial degenerative changes in the photosensory layer. Cystic dilated outer segments of rods and cones were visible throughout, and areas of their fragmentation were observed. Ganglion neurons are not damaged, but their axons appear somewhat thickened and fluffy. But in general, the typical structure of the retina is preserved. Conclusions. Chromium-induced toxicity in rats is characterized by pronounced histological and morphometric changes and retinal thickness, which appear after 20 days, increase by 40 days and acquire maximum transformations after 60 days of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel improves picture morphological structures of the retina in rats under the influence of Cr (VI). The changes were expressed on days 20 and 40, which indicates the presence of protective properties for the retina

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