Development of Laser-Based Variation Mapping Techniques – Another Way to Increase the Successful Analysis Rate on Analog & Mixed-Mode ICs

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sienkiewicz ◽  
Kevin Sanchez ◽  
Luigi Cattaneo ◽  
Philippe Perdu ◽  
Abdellatif Firiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Classical Dynamic ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Successful Analysis ◽  
Functional Mode

Abstract The failure localization on analog & mixed mode ICs in functional mode (AC signals) has become more and more challenging in the last few years. Due to an increasing integration and complexity of these devices, the number of defects, especially those named “soft”, raised considerably. The classical Dynamic Laser Stimulation (DLS) techniques showed some limitations when applied to analog & mixedmode ICs. The SDL (Soft Defect Localization) technique [1] based on binary output signal allows us to localize only the most sensitive areas. The defect in this type of circuits, which are very sensitive to the laser beam [2], is often characterized by a weaker sensitivity than that of “healthy” regions. Hence, xVM (Variation Mapping) techniques were introduced to map some parameters in an analog way (the different sensitivity levels are visualized). To date, the T-LSIM technique [3], the Delay and the Phase Variation Mapping techniques were published [4, 5]. We have already had some interesting results by using these techniques [6] but not every “soft” defect case study could be resolved in that way. In this paper we propose to look at some different parameters which characterize an analog signal and can be used as an input for laser mapping. By applying a simple setup, without any additional sophisticated tool, we show on a “golden” commercial IC the added value of this analysis. We also deal with amplifying the weak signal variations induced by the laser beam scan which often are hidden by the high signal variations in analog or mixed-mode ICs.

Novel Application of the OBIRCh Amplifier for Timing Failure Localization

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sienkiewicz ◽  
P. Perdu ◽  
S. Brule ◽  
A. Firiti ◽  
O. Crepel
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Simple Application ◽  
Application Field ◽  
Laser Techniques ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Failure Localization

Abstract Soft defects localization by laser techniques on dynamically working ICs is widely used for Failure Analysis (FA). In this context, many AC signal-oriented analysis methods have been introduced to date (SDL, LADA…) or are under development (xVM…). Sophisticated tools are available to localize these kinds of failures but not every FA laboratory has them. By fully exploiting the capabilities of static localization tools, it is possible to deal with timing issues. In this paper, we propose a novel application of the OBIRCh amplifier related to the timing issues on a real case study (mixed-mode device). This novel and very simple application makes the analysis flow time-attractive and enlarges the application field of mapping techniques on the existing tools.

Case Study: Combined Dynamic Laser Stimulation and Static Emission Microscopy Techniques Applied to Scan Test Failure on Mixed Mode Device

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sienkiewicz ◽  
Philippe Rousseille
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Laser Stimulation ◽  
Scan Test ◽  
Silicon Bulk ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Emission Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Test Failure

Abstract This paper presents a case study on scan test reject in a mixed mode IC. It focuses on the smart use of combined mature FA techniques, such as Soft Defect Localization (SDL) and emission microscopy (EMMI), to localize a random scan test anomaly at the silicon bulk level.

Case Study of Electro-Optical Probing Signal with High Signal-Noise Ratio

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Xiao ◽  
William Wang ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Shengqiu Xu ◽  
Binghai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Electrical Failure ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Probing Signal ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Case Collection

Abstract With the development of semiconductor technology and the increment quantity of metal layers in past few years, backside EFA (Electrical Failure Analysis) technology has become the dominant method. In this paper, abnormally high Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) signal captured by Electro-Optical Probing (EOP)/Laser Voltage Probing (LVP) from backside is shown and the cause of these phenomena are studied. Based on the real case collection, two kinds of failure mode are summarized, and simulated experiments are performed. The results indicate that when a current path from power to ground is formed, the high SNR signal can be captured at the transistor which was on this current path. It is helpful of this consequence for FA to identify the failure mode by high SNR signal.

Thermal Frequency Imaging: A New Application of Laser Voltage Imaging Applied on 40nm Technology

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Celi ◽  
Sylvain Dudit ◽  
Thierry Parrassin ◽  
Philippe Perdu ◽  
Antoine Reverdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Carrier Density ◽  
Deep Submicron ◽  
Charge Carrier Density ◽  
Voltage Imaging ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Scan Chain

Abstract For Very Deep submicron Technologies, techniques based on the analysis of reflected laser beam properties are widely used. The Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) technique, introduced in 2009, allows mapping frequencies through the backside of integrated circuit. In this paper, we propose a new technique based on the LVI technique to debug a scan chain related issue. We describe the method to use LVI, usually dedicated to frequency mapping of digital active parts, in a way that enables localization of resistive leakage. Origin of this signal is investigated on a 40nm case study. This signal can be properly understood when two different effects, charge carrier density variations (LVI) and thermo reflectance effect (Thermal Frequency Imaging, TFI), are taken into account.

scholarly journals Architectural and Urban Attractiveness of Small Towns: A Case Study of Polish Coastal Cittaslow Towns on the Pomeranian Way of St. James

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Alicja K. Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
Size Criterion ◽  
The Town ◽  
Modern Technologies

The paper presents the results of a study on the attractiveness to tourists and natives of the cultural qualities of coastal towns on The Pomeranian Way of St. James that are members of the Cittaslow network. Attention to the quality of urban life is inscribed in the development policies of towns applying to join the Cittaslow movement. In order to join the network (apart from the size criterion), towns need to meet a minimum of 50% plus one of the 72 criteria grouped into seven categories. One of the category is Quality of Urban Life Policy, so the towns applying to join Cittaslow commit themselves to actions aimed at improving the quality of urban life. The study on the attractiveness of cultural qualities of towns to tourists and natives was conducted using the author’s BRB method, whose added value is its universality and the possibility to study small towns regardless of their membership in the Cittaslow network. BRB is an acronym that stands for BUILDINGS, RELATIONSHIPS, BALANCE, and comprises three scopes of activities: BUILDINGS (iconic building and important sites where the inhabitants and the tourists are present); RELATIONSHIPS (the visual effects of the relations between the inhabitants and the town) and BALANCE (solutions that implement modern technologies). This method enables identification of places that are important to the inhabitants, where urban life takes place and which are often created with the involvement of the inhabitants. These are often the same spaces as those that attract tourists and perhaps stimulate them the desire to visit the town again (BRB—be right back). The aim of the BRB method is shown the attractiveness of small towns. The study has shown that the characteristic feature of Polish Cittaslow towns is their diversity: the architectural attractiveness of three towns is high both to tourists and natives. On the other hand, the urban attractiveness of the examined towns is an insufficient.

scholarly journals Investigating temperature breaks in the summer fruit export cold chain: A case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinri W. Freiboth ◽  
Leila Goedhals-Gerber ◽  
F. Esbeth Van Dyk ◽  
Malcolm C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
South African ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
The South ◽  
Export Supply ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Summer Fruit

There is concern in the South African fruit industry that a large amount of fruit and money is lost every season due to breaks in the fruit export cold chain. The possibility of a large percentage of losses in a significant sector of the economy warranted further investigation. This article attempted to highlight some of the possible problem areas in the cold chain, from the cold store to the port, by analysing historic temperature data from different fruit export supply chains of apples, pears and grapes. In addition, a trial shipment of apples was used to investigate temperature variation between different pallets in the same container. This research has added value to the South African fruit industry by identifying the need to improve operational procedures in the cold chain.

Design workshops in the age of climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen De Waegemaeker ◽  
Eva Kerselaers ◽  
Maarten Van Acker ◽  
Elke Rogge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water System ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Design Workshop ◽  
Specific Barriers

Purpose As policy makers address the issue of climate adaptation, they are confronted with climate-specific barriers: a long-term horizon and a high degree of uncertainty. These barriers also hamper the development of spatial planning for climate adaptation. So how can spatial planners encompass these barriers and steer the general debate on climate adaptation? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of an international design workshop on climate adaptation, and drought issues in particular. Design workshops are originally an educational setting but they are increasingly employed as a tool to explore alternative futures on a complex, real-life design problem. The case study illustrates how climate-specific barriers emerged throughout the design workshop and clarifies how they were encompassed by the participating design students. Findings The research clarifies the added value of a design workshop on climate adaptation. The paper highlights specific promising characteristics of the design workshop: the visualization of future adaptation challenges and the current water system, the focus on a regional project instead of sectoral adjustments and the integration of the adaptation challenge with other socio-economic goals. In the case study Flanders, however, the necessary participation of climate experts and policy makers of other domains proved challenging. Originality/value The paper argues that a design workshop has the potential to enrich the debate and policy work on climate adaptation. In many countries with low-planning tradition, however, additional tools are needed to help set the “adaptation agenda.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document