scholarly journals Keep ’Em Separated: Desire Lines Analysis of Bidirectional Cycle Tracks in Montreal, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 2662 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Seth Wexler ◽  
Ahmed El-Geneidy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Street Design ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

As cities worldwide try to increase the adoption of the bicycle as a legitimate mode of urban transportation, the perception of danger plays a significant role in deterring potential new users. In a study conducted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, bicycle users claimed to perceive intersections with bidirectional cycle tracks twice as negatively as they perceived either similar protected facilities midblock or intersections with painted bicycle lanes. This study aimed to understand this negative perception through a fine-grained analysis and observation of the interplay between infrastructure design and bicycle users’ behavior at these intersections. Researchers used the Desire Lines Analysis tool pioneered by Copenhagenize Design Company and developed recommendations and design interventions for two intersections with bidirectional facilities in the city of Montreal. Study results demonstrated that most users followed the prescribed routes of the street design through each intersection and shone light on users who did not—more than a quarter of users. The trajectories of bicycle users that were questionably legal resulted in observed conflicts at both bidirectional intersections. Conflicts were grouped into three major observed themes: counterflow interactions, priority confusion, and directional awareness. Recommendations made in this paper aim to address each one of these observed themes with appropriate designs that are choreographic, prioritized, and predictable for all road users. Planners, engineers, and urban designers can gain significant insight into best-practice bicycle infrastructure through techniques, such as desire lines analysis, that observe behavior and design accordingly.

scholarly journals A Transport Policy Whose Injury Impacts May Go Unnoticed: More Walking, Cycling and Use of Public Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Rune Elvik
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The City ◽  
Accident Statistics ◽  
Made In

It is an objective of transport policy in many countries and cities to promote walking, cycling and the use of public transport. This policy seeks to improve public health and reduce emissions contributing to global warming. It is, however, very likely that more walking, cycling and use of public transport will be associated with an increase in traffic injury. Moreover, it is likely that most of this increase will go unnoticed and not be recorded in official road accident statistics. Official statistics on traffic injury are known to be very incomplete as far as injuries to pedestrians, cyclists and public transport passengers are concerned. This incompleteness is a problem when assessing health impacts of more walking, cycling and travel by public transport. In this paper, studies made in the city of Oslo, Norway (population 700,000) are used to develop numerical examples showing how the estimated real and recorded number of injuries may change when 10% of person km of travel performed by car are transferred to walking, cycling or public transport. It is shown that not more than about 2% of the estimated change in the actual number of injured road users will be recorded by official statistics on traffic injury.

scholarly journals Treasures of the Elite of the Bulgharian Ulus of the Gol­den Horde

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-546
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Rudenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gold Coins ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

Research objectives: To analyze the materials of the most famous hoards of the Golden Horde era found on the territory of the Bulgharian ulus on the basis of a comprehensive analysis. To identify the coincidence of jewelry that they contained. To determine the similarities and differences with other finds from this territory, as well as to identify the possible place of their manufacture and their connection with archaeological sites. Research materials: Preserved jewelry from the Karasham and Juketau hoards. The former was found in 1950 near the village of Karasham in the Zelenodolsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The latter was found in 1924 on the outskirts of the city of Chistopol in the Chistopol district of Tatarstan, next to the medieval settlement – the remnants of the Bulgharian city of Juketau which existed from the tenth to early fifteenth centuries. In addition to jewelry, both hoards contained silver and gold coins which made it possible to determine the time when these hoards were buried. The hoard near the village of Karasham was deposited at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The Juketau hoard was deposited in the 1350–70s. Both hoards are not fully preserved. The author carefully studied jewelry from the hoards that are now stored in the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as in the State Hermitage. Items from other hoards of this time found in the territory of Tatarstan, as well as published materials from private collections, are also involved in the study. Results and novelty of the research: The author investigated, for the first time ever, the surviving part of the Karasham hoard, including jewelry that was not considered in the studies of other scholars. A comparative analysis of the jewelry was carried out. To find out the distribution of such jewelry, a search was made for analogies and similar jewelry that was found in other hoards as well as among the archaeological materials from settlements of the Golden Horde era. It was found that the most significant part of the Karasham hoard’s jewelry was made in the jewelry workshops of the city of Bolghar, and partly by the jewelers from other craft centers in the Golden Horde. It should be noted that jewelry was made in both gold and silver in Bolghar. The most popular products were bracelets with images of the lion’s muzzle on the ends of objects, as well as bracelets with stylized images made using niello. Such bracelets were found both in the hoard from Karasham and from Juketau. The existence of jewelry workshops in Bolghar is also confirmed by archaeological excavations. In the second half of twentieth and at the beginning of the twenty-first centuries, archaeologists found several jewelry workshops in the central part of the city dated to the fourteenth century. Crucibles, jewelry tools, and more than hundred foundry molds were discovered here. The author assumes that a famous jeweler from Bolghar named Shagidulla worked here at the beginning of fourteenth century. It was also found that the hoard from Karasham was most likely collected by several generations of the same family. In contrast, the hoard from Juketau was a personal treasure.

scholarly journals Increasing cyclist mobility by improving cycling infrastructure: Case study Koprivnica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Brlek ◽  
Ivan Cvitković ◽  
Goran Kos ◽  
Robert Gadanec
Keyword(s):  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
The City ◽  
United Network

The use of a bicycle as a form of transport is an essential factor within a sustainable transport system. The increased number of cyclists is changing their need for better and better infrastructure. Koprivnica is traditional cycling city, with one of the longest cycling infrastructure in the Republic of Croatia. However, parts are disconnected and partly inconsistent with the Bicycle Infrastructure Regulations (OG 26/2016). This results with reduced mobility and safety for all road users, especially pedestrians and cyclists who often share a common surface. The paper presents a method of mapping bicycle infrastructure in the city. As a reference point for comparing the state of cycling infrastructure, data were taken from the 2015 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of Koprivnica. In addition to personal bicycles in the city, public bicycles are also proposed to optimize this system. After the analysis, suggestions were made for improvements and connecting parts of existing network, into a united network that would meet the highest standards. Particular attention should be paid to intermodality, ie connection with railway and bus stations, and planned parking areas around the city. This model can be applied in all cities.

scholarly journals Study of times and movements in the service sector: an analysis in a beauty salon

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Jéssica Danielle De Carvalho Nunes ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Correia ◽  
Priscila Gonçalves Vasconcelos Sampaio ◽  
Alexandre Henrique Soares De Oliveira ◽  
Armistrong Martins Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Default Time ◽  
Beauty Salon ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

This work presents a review of motion and time made in the most performed service in a small beauty salon in Mossoró - RN - Brazil. Thus, this research aims to use the knowledge derived from the engineering of methods, precisely, the studies movements and times and to associate such studies, which were developed mainly within the manufacturing process, to bring to a service delivery environment. To have specific objectives, to prepare a flowchart of the operation of the manicure service, to find the standard time of this service through the chronoanalysis of the stages of the task and to carry out the study of the methods developed during the execution of the service in question. In this sense, it can conclude that employing the chrono-analysis tool, the default time for the chosen operation is approximately 36 minutes. This finding means that this is the period required to provide a unit of the manicure service, considering the skills, efforts, conditions, and consistencies of the operator, the physical environment, the materials, and equipment analyzed. This work presents a study of motion and time in the most performed service in a small beauty salon in the city of Mossoró/RN, in Brazil.

scholarly journals The Romanesque sculpture from Nowy Targ Square in Wrocław (Lower Silesia, Poland) in the light of interdisciplinary studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 221-241
Author(s):  
Paweł Duma ◽  
Piotr Gunia ◽  
Beata Miazga ◽  
Jerzy Piekalski ◽  
Jerzy Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
The City ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Made In

The article discusses the results of interdisciplinary studies of a Romanesque stone head of high-quality artistry. It was discovered in 2017 during excavations at Nowy Targ (New Market) Square in the city of Wrocław (Lower Silesia, Poland). The sculpture originally came from one of the Romanesque sacred buildings of Wrocław, none of which have survived to this day. Although it had been made in the mid-12th century, it was found in the remains of a wooden residential building burnt down in the 14th century. The results of petrographic analyses indicate that the stone head was made of fine-grained sandstone classified as lithic wacke. The raw material was most likely a Devonian-Carboniferous sandstone from the Opava Mountains. However, similar sandstones also occurred in several medieval mines located in Upper Silesia. According to a popular belief, medieval aesthetics required such sculptures to be polychromed. The non-destructive analyses conducted with the microscopic XRF , XRD , and FTIR methods demonstrated that a clean stone surface was also acceptable.

BRANDING KULINER DI KOTA WISATA BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO ( STUDI KASUS DI WARUNG WAJIK PECEREN DAN WARUNG SARI TEBU BERASTAGI )

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zaitun Zaitun
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Made In

This research was conducted to find out how big the interest of tourists who come to visit wajik stalls and sugar cane juice sweet so that in know whether the two places are worthy made in culinary branding in the city of Berastagi tourism. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type which explain the actual condition that happened in the field with data collection technique through observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be in the know that in general the interest of visitors to enjoy the menu at the stall wajik peceren better in comparison the interest of visitors in sweet sugar cane stalls. The price offered in these two stalls is very relative and classified as not so expensive and visitors who come to stalls wajik peceren usually buy diamonds that are characteristic of the shop to be brought as by the family at home while the visitors who enjoy the menu at the sweet sugar cane where in general, visitors who come only enjoy the menu on offer, especially Berastagi sugar cane and not brought home as souvenir for the family.

Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

Diocletian's Price-Edict at Ptolemais (Cyrenaica)

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Caputo ◽  
Richard Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

Introduction.—The systematic exploration of Ptolemais (modern Tolmeita), in Cyrenaica, began in 1935 under the auspices of the Italian Government, and under the direction of the first-named writer. The general programme of excavation took into consideration not only the important Hellenistic period, which gave the city its name and saw its first development as an autonomous trading-centre, but also the late-Roman age when, upon Diocletian's reforms, Ptolemais became capital of the new province of Libya Pentapolis and a Metropolitan See, later occupied by Bishop Synesius.As one of several starting-points for the study of this later period, there was selected the area first noted by the Beecheys as containing ‘heaps of columns’, which later yielded the monumental inscriptions of Valentinian, Arcadius, and Honorius, published by Oliverio. Here excavation soon brought to light a decumanus, running from the major cardo on the west towards the great Byzantine fortress on the east. Architectural and other discoveries made in 1935–36 justified the provisional title ‘Monumental Street’ assigned to this ancient thoroughfare. In terms of the general town-plan, which is extremely regular, this street may be called ‘Decumanus II North’, since two rows of long rectangular insulae separate it from the Decumanus Maximus leading to the West Gate, still erect. The clearing of the Monumental Street and its frontages revealed the well-known Maenad reliefs, attributed to the sculptor Callimachus, a late-Roman triple Triumphal Arch, and fragments of monumental inscriptions similar in character to those previously published from the same area.

scholarly journals Facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting by integrating urban environments measured from street-view images

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Ai-Ping Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Environmental Feature ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Street View ◽  
The City ◽  
Dengue Epidemic

Abstract Background Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that has threatened tropical and subtropical regions in recent decades. An early and targeted warning of a dengue epidemic is important for vector control. Current studies have primarily determined weather conditions to be the main factor for dengue forecasting, thereby neglecting that environmental suitability for mosquito breeding is also an important factor, especially in fine-grained intra-urban settings. Considering that street-view images are promising for depicting physical environments, this study proposes a framework for facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting by integrating the urban environments measured from street-view images. Methods The dengue epidemic that occurred in 167 townships of Guangzhou City, China, between 2015 and 2019 was taken as a study case. First, feature vectors of street-view images acquired inside each township were extracted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network, and then aggregated as an environmental feature vector of the township. Thus, townships with similar physical settings would exhibit similar environmental features. Second, the environmental feature vector is combined with commonly used features (e.g., temperature, rainfall, and past case count) as inputs to machine-learning models for weekly dengue forecasting. Results The performance of machine-learning forecasting models (i.e., MLP and SVM) integrated with and without environmental features were compared. This indicates that models integrating environmental features can identify high-risk urban units across the city more precisely than those using common features alone. In addition, the top 30% of high-risk townships predicted by our proposed methods can capture approximately 50–60% of dengue cases across the city. Conclusions Incorporating local environments measured from street view images is effective in facilitating fine-grained intra-urban dengue forecasting, which is beneficial for conducting spatially precise dengue prevention and control.

scholarly journals Multi-level Governance in Refugee Housing and Integration Policy: a Model of Best Practice in Leverkusen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Auslender
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
German Government ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper will explore a model of best practice, the Leverkusen Model, as well as its impact on both the city and the refugees it serves by utilising key stakeholder interviews, civil servants, non-profits, and Syrian refugees living in Leverkusen. The core argument to be presented here is that the dynamic fluidity of the Leverkusen Model, where three bodies (government, Caritas, and the Refugee Council) collaborate to manage the governance responsibilities, allows for more expedited refugee integration into society. This paper utilises an analytical model of multi-level governance to demonstrate its functional processes and show why it can be considered a model of best practice. Started in 2002, the Leverkusen Model of refugee housing has not only saved the city thousands of euros per year in costs associated with refugee housing, but has aided in the cultivation of a very direct, fluid connection between government, civil society, and the refugees themselves. Leverkusen employs a different and novel governance structure of housing for refugees: with direct consultations with Caritas, the largest non-profit in Germany, as well as others, refugees who arrive in Leverkusen are allowed to search for private, decentralised housing from the moment they arrive, regardless of protection status granted by the German government. This paper fills a gap in the existing literature by addressing the adaptation of multi-level governance and collaborative governance in local refugee housing and integration management.

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