scholarly journals CROWN MORPHOMETRY FOR TWO VALUABLE TIMBER SPECIES FROM MIOMBO WOODLAND IN MOZAMBIQUE

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-326
Author(s):  
Noé dos Santos Ananias Hofiço Hofiço ◽  
Emanuel Arnoni Costa ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
César Augusto Guimarães Finger
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Pterocarpus Angolensis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Individual Trees

Pterocarpus angolensis DC and Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema are two hardwood species found in Miombo woodland. Crown size, being closely related to the photosynthetic capacity of a tree, is an important parameter in studies of the growth of individual trees. In this sense, the present study aimed to study the morphometric relationships of P. angolensis and B. madagascariensis as a resource to describe the morphometric features of these species. Data were sampled in 60 rectangular plots of 20 x 50 m, systematically distributed within the forest. In each plot, the diameter at breast height (DBH), height (h), crown insertion point (cih) and four crown radii of all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured. Results indicated that crown diameter and crown length of P. angolensis grow as DBH and height increase, the larger the crown, the greater the trees dimensions; as for B. madagascariensis, crown features have shown low correlation when considering DBH. It was concluded that crown features influence on tree growth and are important measures of description and planning of silvicultural activities to be performed in natural forests. The results are of interest to forest managers since they make decisions about silvicultural operations. Keywords: crown dimensions; prediction models; umbila; pau-ferro; forest management.

scholarly journals Biogeographic Distribution of Cedrela spp. Genus in Peru Using MaxEnt Modeling: A Conservation and Restoration Approach

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Alexander Cotrina Sánchez ◽  
Nilton B. Rojas Briceño ◽  
Subhajit Bandopadhyay ◽  
Subhasis Ghosh ◽  
Cristóbal Torres Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
National Service ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Population Sizes

The increasing demand for tropical timber from natural forests has reduced the population sizes of native species such as Cedrela spp. because of their high economic value. To prevent the decline of population sizes of the species, all Cedrela species have been incorporated into Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The study presents information about the modeled distribution of the genus Cedrela in Peru that aims to identify potential habitat distribution of the genus, its availability in areas protected by national service of protected areas, and highlighted some areas because of their conservation relevance and the potential need for restoration. We modeled the distribution of the genus Cedrela in Peru using 947 occurrence records that included 10 species (C. odorata, C. montana, C. fissilis, C. longipetiolulata, C. angustifolia, C. nebulosa, C. kuelapensis, C. saltensis, C. weberbaueri, and C. molinensis). We aim to identify areas environmentally suitable for the occurrence of Cedrela that are legally protected by the National Service of Protected Areas (PAs) and those that are ideal for research and restoration projects. We used various environmental variables (19 bioclimatic variables, 3 topographic factors, 9 edaphic factors, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to predict the probability of occurrence. We observed that 6.7% (86,916.2 km2) of Peru presents a high distribution probability of occurrence of Cedrela, distributed in 17 departments, with 4.4% (10,171.03 km2) of the area protected by PAs mainly under the category of protection forests. Another 11.65% (21,345.16 km2) of distribution covers areas highly prone to degradation, distributed mainly in the departments Ucayali, Loreto, and Madre de Dios, and needs immediate attention for its protection and restoration. We believe that the study will contribute significantly to conserve Cedrela and other endangered species, as well as to promote the sustainable use and management of timber species as a whole.

scholarly journals Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
PRIJANTO PAMOENGKAS ◽  
ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR ◽  
AJI NURALAM DWISUTONO
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Selective Cutting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reference Plot

Pamoengkas P, Siregar IZ, Dwisutono AN. 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 163-171. Single selective cutting is the most common form of timber extraction in natural forest in the tropics. Although, vast tracts natural forests are already logged-over, the effect of logging on the structure and species composition has been sparsely documented, especially for merbau (Intsia bijuga). Merbau is an excellent timber species and intensively harvested in Papua. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure and species composition of merbau in the several logged-over forests at different ages, i.e., 1, 5, 11, 16, 21 years old after selective logging and primary forest as the reference plot. The study was conducted in February 2016 at Sarmi District, Papua. The distributions of merbau in each plot varies but when they were compared with that in the primary forest that had reached 9.81%. Thus, the decrease of merbau trees in the plots of logged forest areas was not significant. Index of Diversity of all growth stages was high. In general, the number of merbau seedling regeneration in the study plots are above the average value standardized in Selective Cutting and Replanting System (TPTI) regulation. With regard to the condition of sapling regeneration, we concluded that selective logging might not provide enough growing space for regeneration of merbau. Providing appropriate growing space is one of the key factors to achieve adequate merbau natural regeneration.

scholarly journals VOLUME ESTIMATE FOR THREE TIMBER SPECIES WITH COMMERCIAL INTEREST FROM THE DIAMETER OF THE STUMP

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Quelyson Souza Lima ◽  
Marco Antonio Amaro ◽  
Thiago Augusto Cunha ◽  
Evandro Orfanó Figueiredo ◽  
Paulo Roberto Feitoza Parente
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Volume Estimate ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

The commercial volume of trees can be calculated directly and indirectly. However, in areas of illegal deforestation, the stem is often not available for dendrometric measurements and, consequently, calculation of the commercial volume and the use of the direct method. On the other hand, the use of the indirect method is impossible due to the lack of equations with possible measurement variables. In order to make the volume estimate feasible in these cases, the objective of this work was to estimate the commercial volume of wood from individual trees using regression equations, using measurements made on the stump for three species of commercial interest, in areas of timber forest management, namely: Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) JFMacbr. and Amburana acreana (Ducke) A.C.Sm. Data were collected in two management areas, located in the municipalities of Sena Madureira and Rio Branco, with a sample of 250 stumps. Statistical tests were carried out to analyze regression and choose the best equations that would estimate the volume of the species selected for the study, based on the diameter of the stump. Tests of accuracy, precision, assumptions, validation and identity model were applied for choice. Models that met the research objectives for both species were tested with R²adj = 87.7% for Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd., R²adj = 81.8% for Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. and R²adj = 70.5% for Amburana acreana (Ducke) A.C.Sm., as well as meeting all the assumptions of the regression resulting in the validation of the equations adjusted by the selected models. 

scholarly journals Unraveling genetic variations of Dalbergia latifolia (Fabaceae) from Yogyakarta and Lombok Island, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusumadewi S. Yulita ◽  
TIKA D. ATIKAH ◽  
WITA WARDANI ◽  
SUSILA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Lombok Island

Abstract. Yulita KS, Atikah TD, Wardani W, Susila. 2020. Unraveling genetic variations of Dalbergia latifolia (Fabaceae) from Yogyakarta and Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 833-841. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Fabaceae) or sonokeling is a timber species extracted for its beautiful heartwood used mainly for musical instruments. D. latifolia was listed in Appendix 2 of CITES since 1997, and the demand for its timber is increasing. The species is considered vulnerable (VU A1cd ver 2.3) to extinction according to the IUCN Red List, while cultivations were mainly done from a root cutting. To anticipate the further loss of population size while maintaining sustainable use of the species, it is essential to evaluate the genetic diversity since the genetic diversity level could serve as an indicator of plant adaptability to its environment. This present study was the first to report the genetic diversity of five populations of D. latifolia from Yogyakarta and Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Ten combinations of Sequence Random Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) primers were used to amplify 48 samples of D. latifolia from five populations in Yogyakarta and Lombok Island. The 137 SRAP loci were used for a cluster, and population genetic analysis, with mean NPL, was of 13.6/locus, PLP of 56.18%, H of 0.16, and PIC for all population was of 0.28. The lowest gene diversity (H = 0.11) was observed in population WL 1 of Lombok Island, while the highest (H = 0.20) was recorded for population KP of Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta and Lombok populations were genetically structured at a medium level (Gst = 0.27), with low genetic distance (0.0310-0.1281), and a moderate level of variation observed among individual trees (ca. 0.5 coefficient similarity). The results of this present study were expected to provide necessary information on further research of D. latifolia from Indonesia to support the sustainable use of D. latifolia in Indonesia and the preservation of this species.

Modelling growing space requirement for Alnus nepalensis D. Don in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Space Requirement ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Alnus Nepalensis ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Individual Trees

Relationship between crown diameter and stem diameter of individual trees can be translated into mathematical model, and used to generate information of growing space requirement for individual trees and crown competition index for growth models. Nine different crown diameter prediction models were developed using inventory data of Alnus nepalensis trees from a part of Parbat and Syanja districts in Nepal. Among those developed, a non-linear three parameter-based model (W = β0 {1 – exp( - β1D)}β2) explained the greatest proportion of variations of crown diameter (R2adj = 0.78), and showed desirable behaviour of flexibility and robustness. An individual tree growing space model was then derived from crown model to generate important information of shocking limits and stand basal area density for monoculture plantation or natural stands of Alnus nepalensis. Because of its flexibility, crown model is seemed potentially useful for extrapolation purpose also. However, the model cannot be applied for buttressed, wolfed and malformed trees. Key words: Alnus nepalensis; crown model; growing space model; stocking limit; basal area density Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.30-36

scholarly journals Point-cloud segmentation of individual trees in complex natural forest scenes based on a trunk-growth method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianwei Liu ◽  
Weifeng Ma ◽  
Jianpeng Zhang ◽  
Yicheng Liu ◽  
Dongfan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Point Cloud Segmentation ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractForest resource management and ecological assessment have been recently supported by emerging technologies. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is one that can be quickly and accurately used to obtain three-dimensional forest information, and create good representations of forest vertical structure. TLS data can be exploited for highly significant tasks, particularly the segmentation and information extraction for individual trees. However, the existing single-tree segmentation methods suffer from low segmentation accuracy and poor robustness, and hence do not lead to satisfactory results for natural forests in complex environments. In this paper, we propose a trunk-growth (TG) method for single-tree point-cloud segmentation, and apply this method to the natural forest scenes of Shangri-La City in Northwest Yunnan, China. First, the point normal vector and its Z-axis component are used as trunk-growth constraints. Then, the points surrounding the trunk are searched to account for regrowth. Finally, the nearest distributed branch and leaf points are used to complete the individual tree segmentation. The results show that the TG method can effectively segment individual trees with an average F-score of 0.96. The proposed method applies to many types of trees with various growth shapes, and can effectively identify shrubs and herbs in complex scenes of natural forests. The promising outcomes of the TG method demonstrate the key advantages of combining plant morphology theory and LiDAR technology for advancing and optimizing forestry systems.

scholarly journals Which Trees and Stands are attacked by the Southern Pine Beetle?

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Zhang ◽  
Boris Zeide
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract An analysis of long-term observations from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations showed that the southern pine beetle, SPB (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann), kills a larger proportion of trees in dense stands. The presence of hardwood species diminishes damage, probably by hindering the dispersal of the SPB. It was also found that, in a given stand, mortality increases with tree size. On the other hand, the degree of damage was not related to age or mean diameter. For our plots, the annual probability that a loblolly pine tree would be killed by the beetle was 4.59 x 10-4. In the SPB infested stands, this probability increased 39 times (1.81 x 10-2. More precise estimates can be made using a prediction model driven by stand densities of pines and hardwoods, and the relative diameter of individual trees. South. J. Appl. For. 23(4):217-223.

scholarly journals Abundance of Viscum in Central Poland: Results from a Large-Scale Mistletoe Inventory

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Roman Wójcik ◽  
Wojciech Kędziora
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Type Site ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Impact

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is a semi-parasitic plant, and in moderate abundance, it does not pose a lethal threat to a tree. However, recent droughts have made a heavy impact on forests, and in recent years, mistletoe began to appear on a larger scale in regions and in places where it has never been a threat before. The main purpose of this research is to carry out a large-scale mistletoe inventory in central Poland for assessing the number of mistletoe on individual trees and in the stands, as well as to test a new inventory method adapted to Polish conditions. It is based on random sample plots, each consisting of 15 trees on which the impact of mistletoe is assessed. On every sample plot, the mistletoe occurrence, location in the crown, estimate of the percentage within the crown, and the number of mistletoe on a tree are assessed. In addition, for further analysis, information about stands (forest habitat type, site index) as well as measured trees (age, diameter, Kraft class, crown length, loss of assimilation apparatus, crown type) levels is recorded. Research undertaken in Kozienice Forest (100 km south from Warsaw) took into account 100 sample plots on which 1500 trees were assessed. Preliminary results show that 16% of trees are infected by mistletoe, more than 25% of which are infected heavily by more than 6 specimens.

scholarly journals Regeneration status and species diversity of major tree species under scientific forest management in Kapilbastu district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
B. Aryal ◽  
S. Regmi ◽  
S. Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Regeneration Condition

In Nepal, scientific forest managementhas been practiced as an effective forest management technique to utilize forest resources sustainably. However, the program has faced many controversies such as intentional logging of only high-valued timber species like Shorearobusta. In addition, few believe this program is severely affecting the regeneration productivity and species diversity in the natural forests. In order to address these issues, we examinedthe regeneration condition and plant species diversity in the stands where scientific forest management operations were carried out. The data related to regeneration status and species diversity were collected using a systematic random sampling of the selected stands. Our results showed good regeneration conditions (Seedling >5000, Sapling>2000) in all the studied stands. The tree species community was dominated by S.robusta(Sal) followed by Schleicheraoleosa (Kusum) and Casia fistula (Rajbriksha). The value of diversity indices of different species varied significantly between felling series. The highest diversity was found in the second year felling series with the Simpsons Index of dominance value 0.6934 and the lowest species diversity was in the first year felling series with a value of 0.8448. It can be recommended that the regeneration felling practice has helped in promoting the regeneration condition and growth.  

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