scholarly journals Simultaneous impact of the different water supply and year type on processing tomato yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bőcs ◽  
Z. Pék ◽  
L. Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Simultaneous Impact ◽  
Yield Parameters

A two year (2008 and 2009) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation on the yield parameters and fruit components of processing tomato. Two different treatments were applied: regularly irrigated (RI), irrigation cut-off 30 days before harvest (CO), compared with unirrigated control (RF). The optimal water supply was calculated from average daily temperature. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of different water supply on yield quantity. The regularly irrigated plant stands gave significantly higher yield, and unirrigated plants showed yield loss.Water supply had strong positive (R2=0.81) effect on marketable yield and average fruit weight (R2=0.78). Linear regression showed, that 46.5 mm more water supply caused 10 t/ha more marketable yield, and 13.4 mm more water supply caused 1 g more in the average fruit weight. The irrigation increased the Brix yield as well.

Effect of irrigation on yield parameters and antioxidant profiles of processing cherry tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Pék ◽  
Péter Szuvandzsiev ◽  
Hussein Daood ◽  
András Neményi ◽  
Lajos Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Concentration ◽  
Concentration Loss ◽  
Optimum Water ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractA two-year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irrigation and seasonal variation on the yield parameters and main bioactive components, carotenoids (mainly all trans, cis lycopene, and β-carotene), polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, naringin, etc.), and tocopherols of processing Strombolino F1 cherry tomatoes. The irrigated plants (STI) gave a higher marketable yield (61% and 101% respectively), and rain fed plants showed a yield loss. Water supply had a strong positive (R2=0.98) effect on marketable yield in 2011, but weak (R2=0.69) in 2010. In both years, the antioxidant concentration (all carotenoids, total polyphenols, tocopherols) showed a decrease with irrigation. Water supply affected the composition of carotenoids to a considerable extent. The optimum water supply treatment gave a lower proportion of lycopene than the rain fed control (STC) treatment. We observed significant negative correlation between rutin concentration and irrigation. The α-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher in STC treatments. Irrigation negatively influenced antioxidant concentrations of cherry tomato fruits, but higher yield could account for the concentration loss of individual fruits by higher antioxidant production per unit area.

Seasonal and multiannual effects of salinisation on tomato yield and fruit quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
Francesco Orsini ◽  
Rosanna Caputo ◽  
Maria Antonella Palermo ◽  
Giancarlo Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Ionic Toxicity ◽  
Short And Long Term

The effects of short- and long-term salinisation were studied by comparing tomato growth on a soil exposed to one-season salinisation (short term) vs growth on a soil exposed to >20 years salinisation (long term). Remarkable differences were associated to substantial modifications of the soil physical-chemical characteristics in the root zone, including deteriorated structure, reduced infiltration properties and increased pH. Fresh yield, fruit number and fruit weight were similarly affected by short- and long-term salinisation. In contrast, the marketable yield was significantly lower in the long-term salinised soil – a response that was also associated to nutritional imbalance (mainly referred to P and K). As reported for plants growing under oxygen deprivation stress, the antioxidant capacity of the water soluble fraction of salinised tomato fruits was enhanced by short-term salinisation, also. Overall, long-term salinisation may cause physiological imbalances and yield reductions that cannot be solely attributed to hyperosmotic stress and ionic toxicity. Therefore, the ability of plants to cope with nutritional deficiency and withstand high pH and anoxia may be important traits that should be considered to improve plant tolerance to long-term salinised soils.

scholarly journals Composting of Olive Mill Pomace, Agro-Industrial Sewage Sludge and Other Residues: Process Monitoring and Agronomic Use of the Resulting Composts

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
Roberto Romaniello ◽  
Antonia Tamborrino ◽  
Luciano Beneduce ◽  
Anna Gagliardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Olive Mill

The viability of co-composting of olive mill pomace added to sewage sludge with other organic residues was evaluated and the agronomic use of the final composts was investigated. Two composting piles at different carbon-nitrogen ratios were performed, in which olive mill pomace (OMP), sewage sludge from vegetable processing (SS), fresh residues from artichoke processing residues (AR), and wheat straw (WS) were used. The two composting piles were placed inside a specially built greenhouse and a turning machine pulled by a tractor was used for turning and shredding the organic matrix (every 6 days) during the process. The humidity and temperature of organic matrices have been monitored and controlled during the entire composting process, which lasted 90 days. The process was also monitored to evaluate the microbiological safety of the final compost. The humidity of both piles was always kept just above 50% until the end of the thermophilic phase and the maximum temperature was about 50 °C during the thermophilic phase. The carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased from 21.4 and 28.2, respectively (initial value at day 1 in Pile A and B), to values ranging from 12.9 to 15.1, both composts that originated from the two different piles were microbiologically safe. During a two-year period, the effects of different types of compost on the main qualitative parameters of processing tomato and durum wheat was evaluated. Five fertilization treatments were evaluated for tomato and durum wheat crops: unfertilized control (TR1); compost A (TR2); compost B (TR3); ½ mineral and ½ compost A (TR4); and mineral fertilizer commonly used for the two crops (TR5). Concerning the processing tomato yield, TR5 and TR4 showed the best results (2.73 and 2.51 kg, respectively). The same trend was observed considering the marketable yield per plant. The only difference was related to the treatments that included the compost (2.32, 1.77, and 1.73 kg/plant for TR4, TR3, and TR2, respectively). As regards the qualitative parameters of tomato, the highest average weight of the fruits was found in the TR5, TR4, and TR3 treatments (respectively, 73.67 g, 70.34 g, and 68.10 g). For durum wheat, only the protein component was differentiated between treatments. Furthermore, wheat grain yield parameters generally increased by combined application of mineral fertilizer and compost.

scholarly journals Use of Olive-Mill Wastewater for the Containment of Phelipanche ramosa in Open Field of Processing Tomato Crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Francesco Lops ◽  
◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Laura Frabboni ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa ◽  
Olive Mill

Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel is a root holoparasitic weed that infested many crops, particularly the processing tomato. In semi-arid regions of the world, this problem is increasing, both in intensity and in acreages. In the last few years, researches for the control of this parasite has increased its effort to use suitable methods, as well as the utilization of natural compounds. In this regard, four experimental trials were carried out over three growing seasons (2014, 2016 and 2017), at Foggia (Apulia Region, Southern Italy), in the open field, on processing tomato (cv. “Dres”) crop, infested by P. ramosa, where the olive-mill wastewater (OMW) was incorporated into the soil at the dose of 80 m3 ha-1 40 days prior to tomato seedling transplant in comparison with the untreated control. The numbers of P. ramosa emerged shoots (branched plants) were significantly lower in the OMW treatment than in the untreated control. The tomato marketable yield showed a significantly higher value in the OMW treatment than the untreated control. No significant differences for the fruit qualitative characteristics were observed.

scholarly journals The effect of water supply for yield formation of processing tomato

2012 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Lajos Helyes ◽  
Zoltán Pék
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Optimum Water

The effect of irrigation on tomato yield depends on the actual weather conditions, basically the air temperature and precipitation (quantity and dispersion). The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher yield, and rainfed plants showed a yield loss. The optimum water supply treatment gave a significantly higher proportion of lycopene than the control (rainfed) treatment (89% and 80% respectively) in case of Brixsol F1 variety. In spite of this we have not found significant difference in case of Strombolino F1 (cherry type). Content of total poly-phenols measured in Strombolino F1 (cherry type) was significantly higher than that found in the Brixol F1 (normal type). The optimum water supply treatment resulted in a significantly lower content of total polyphenols in both years. Tomato fruits are rich in polyphenols the largest amount of which is rutin from among the identified components.

scholarly journals Reducing Time and Expense to Recycle Perlite for Repeat Use in Greenhouse Tomato Operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Y. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Electric Drill ◽  
Weight Pruning

Planting greenhouse tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in the same perlite more than once without reconditioning to restore medium loose structure, desalination to remove excess salt, and disinfection to guard against pest contamination is risky, and replacing the perlite to produce every new crop is costly. Reconditioning and treating perlite with hot water at a minimum cost provides a favorable solution for both problems and saves natural resources. A study was conducted in a 30 × 96-ft greenhouse in Spring 2007, 2008, and 2009 (January–July) to evaluate three methods for perlite recycling cost, desalination efficiency, and effects on tomato yield at three or four fruit per cluster. Each recycling method consisted of two components: the reconditioning action and the hot water treatment. The three recycling methods included no stir/sift then disinfect, stir then disinfect, and sift then disinfect. Perlite recycled with the no stir/sift then disinfect method was not reconditioned before the hot water treatment. Instead, it was agitated with a nozzle mounted on a pressure washer wand during the hot water treatment. Perlite recycled with the stir then disinfect method was reconditioned first with an auger mounted on an electric drill and then treated with hot water. Perlite recycled with the sift then disinfect method was reconditioned first by sifting the perlite with a homemade apparatus and was then treated with hot water. Recycling perlite with the no stir/sift then disinfect method reduced labor input by 49% and 81% compared with the stir then disinfect and the sift then disinfect methods, respectively. The no stir/sift then disinfect method reduced recycling cost by 22% and 50% compared with the other two methods, respectively. Perlite that was not reconditioned (no stir/sift) had higher nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) before hot water treatment than the stirred perlite and equal NO3-N to the sifted perlite. Hot water treatment significantly reduced medium electrical conductivity, NO3-N, potassium, and sodium. Tomatoes grown in perlite recycled with any of the three methods produced similar marketable and cull yields and fruit weight. Pruning fruit to three per cluster increased marketable yield, fruit weight, and reduced cull yield. There was no significant recycling method × cluster pruning interaction for yield components, indicating that all recycling methods had similar effects on tomato yield at three or four fruit per cluster. We conclude that the no stir/sift then disinfect method is less time consuming, more economical, and has no negative impact on yield. Tomatoes grown with three fruit per cluster in perlite recycled with any of the three methods produced greater marketable yield, less cull yield, and heavier fruit than tomatoes grown with four fruit per cluster.

scholarly journals Agronomic Comparisons of Heirloom and Modern Processing Tomato Genotypes Cultivated in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Federica Caradonia ◽  
Antonella Vitti ◽  
Enrico Francia
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Processing Tomato

The yield and fruit quality of processing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have increased markedly over the past decades. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of the organic (OFS) and conventional farming systems (CFS) on the main agronomic parameters involved in processing tomato yield components and fruit quality traits of heirloom and modern genotypes. Marketable yield increased from heirloom to modern genotypes, both in OFS and in CFS, showing a difference of ≈20 t per hectare in favor of CFS. Total fruit yield (TY) was not improved from heirloom to modern assessed genotypes, and a difference of ≈35 t per hectare was observed in favor of CFS. In both farming systems, the highest marketable yield of modern genotypes was due to a higher number of fruits per plant, harvest index, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), and fruit water productivity. Moreover, the main growth parameters involved in the yield differences between OFS and CFS were the number of leaves per plant, the average fruit weight, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and NAE. It is noteworthy that fruit quality improvement in terms of color and brix per hectare was paralleled by a decrease of tomato pH in both farming systems. According to our results, we conclude that to reduce the current yield gap between OFS and CFS, agronomic and breeding efforts should be undertaken to increase leaf area index, fruit number per plant, and NAE for better genotype adaptation to organic farming systems.

scholarly journals Using Digestate and Biochar as Fertilizers to Improve Processing Tomato Production Sustainability

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Federica Caradonia ◽  
Mario Parisi ◽  
Guido Bezzi ◽  
Bruno Parisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Organic Farming System

The principal goal of the organic farming system (OFS) is to develop enterprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the environment. Unfortunately, the OFS yields fewer products per land than the non-organic farming system in many agricultural products. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of digestate and biochar fertilizers on yield and fruit quality of processing tomato produced under the OFS. The experiment was carried out in Po Valley, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Liquid digestate (LD), LD + biochar (LD + BC) and pelleted digestate (PD) were evaluated and compared to biochar (BC) application and unfertilized control. The results showed that plants fertilized with LD + BC recorded the maximum marketable yield (72 t ha−1), followed by BC (67 t ha−1), PD (64 t ha−1) and LD (59 t ha−1); while the lowest production (47 t ha−1) was recorded in unfertilized plants. Over the two cropping seasons, LD + BC, BC, PD, and LD, increased fruit number per plant (+15%), fruit weight (+24%), Brix t ha−1 (+41%) and reduced Bostwick index (−16%), if compared to the untreated control. Considering the overall agronomic performances, digestate and biochar can be useful options for increasing yield and quality of processing tomato production in the OFS. Hence, these fertilizers can be assessed in future research both on other crops and farming systems.

scholarly journals Deterioration of Potentially Biodegradable Alternatives to Black Plastic Mulch in Three Tomato Production Regions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Miles ◽  
Russ Wallace ◽  
Annette Wszelaki ◽  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
Jeremy Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Mount Vernon ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Black Plastic

Four potentially biodegradable mulch products (BioAgri, BioTelo, WeedGuardPlus, and SB-PLA-10) were evaluated during 2010 in three contrasting regions of the United States (Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; and Mount Vernon, WA) and compared with black plastic mulch and a no-mulch control for durability, weed control, and impact on tomato yield in high tunnel and open field production systems. WeedGuardPlus, BioTelo, and BioAgri had the greatest number of rips, tears, and holes (RTH) and percent visually observed deterioration (PVD) at all three sites (P ≤ 0.05), and values were greater in the open field than high tunnels, likely as a result of high winds and greater solar radiation and rainfall. SB-PLA-10 showed essentially no deterioration at all three sites and was equivalent to black plastic in both high tunnels and the open field. Weed growth at the sites did not differ in high tunnels as compared with the open field (P > 0.05). Weed growth at Knoxville and Mount Vernon was greatest under SB-PLA-10 (P ≤ 0.02), likely as a result of the white, translucent nature of this test product. Tomato yield was greater in the high tunnels than open field at all three sites (P ≤ 0.03), except for total fruit weight at Knoxville (P ≤ 0.53). Total number of tomato fruit and total fruit weight were lowest for bare ground at both Knoxville (150 × 104 fruit/ha and 29 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.04) and Mount Vernon (44 × 104 fruit/ha and 11 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.008). At Knoxville, the other mulch treatments were statistically equivalent, whereas at Mount Vernon, BioAgri had among the highest yields (66 × 104 fruit/ha and 16 t·ha−1). There were no differences in tomato yield resulting from mulch type at Lubbock.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document