Composting of Olive Mill Pomace, Agro-Industrial Sewage Sludge and Other Residues: Process Monitoring and Agronomic Use of the Resulting Composts

The viability of co-composting of olive mill pomace added to sewage sludge with other organic residues was evaluated and the agronomic use of the final composts was investigated. Two composting piles at different carbon-nitrogen ratios were performed, in which olive mill pomace (OMP), sewage sludge from vegetable processing (SS), fresh residues from artichoke processing residues (AR), and wheat straw (WS) were used. The two composting piles were placed inside a specially built greenhouse and a turning machine pulled by a tractor was used for turning and shredding the organic matrix (every 6 days) during the process. The humidity and temperature of organic matrices have been monitored and controlled during the entire composting process, which lasted 90 days. The process was also monitored to evaluate the microbiological safety of the final compost. The humidity of both piles was always kept just above 50% until the end of the thermophilic phase and the maximum temperature was about 50 °C during the thermophilic phase. The carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased from 21.4 and 28.2, respectively (initial value at day 1 in Pile A and B), to values ranging from 12.9 to 15.1, both composts that originated from the two different piles were microbiologically safe. During a two-year period, the effects of different types of compost on the main qualitative parameters of processing tomato and durum wheat was evaluated. Five fertilization treatments were evaluated for tomato and durum wheat crops: unfertilized control (TR1); compost A (TR2); compost B (TR3); ½ mineral and ½ compost A (TR4); and mineral fertilizer commonly used for the two crops (TR5). Concerning the processing tomato yield, TR5 and TR4 showed the best results (2.73 and 2.51 kg, respectively). The same trend was observed considering the marketable yield per plant. The only difference was related to the treatments that included the compost (2.32, 1.77, and 1.73 kg/plant for TR4, TR3, and TR2, respectively). As regards the qualitative parameters of tomato, the highest average weight of the fruits was found in the TR5, TR4, and TR3 treatments (respectively, 73.67 g, 70.34 g, and 68.10 g). For durum wheat, only the protein component was differentiated between treatments. Furthermore, wheat grain yield parameters generally increased by combined application of mineral fertilizer and compost.

Download Full-text

Use of Olive-Mill Wastewater for the Containment of Phelipanche ramosa in Open Field of Processing Tomato Crop

International Journal of Environmental Science and Development ◽

10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.10.1354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 304-310

Author(s):

Francesco Lops ◽

◽

Antonia Carlucci ◽

Laura Frabboni ◽

Annalisa Tarantino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Seedling ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Phelipanche Ramosa ◽

Olive Mill

Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel is a root holoparasitic weed that infested many crops, particularly the processing tomato. In semi-arid regions of the world, this problem is increasing, both in intensity and in acreages. In the last few years, researches for the control of this parasite has increased its effort to use suitable methods, as well as the utilization of natural compounds. In this regard, four experimental trials were carried out over three growing seasons (2014, 2016 and 2017), at Foggia (Apulia Region, Southern Italy), in the open field, on processing tomato (cv. “Dres”) crop, infested by P. ramosa, where the olive-mill wastewater (OMW) was incorporated into the soil at the dose of 80 m3 ha-1 40 days prior to tomato seedling transplant in comparison with the untreated control. The numbers of P. ramosa emerged shoots (branched plants) were significantly lower in the OMW treatment than in the untreated control. The tomato marketable yield showed a significantly higher value in the OMW treatment than the untreated control. No significant differences for the fruit qualitative characteristics were observed.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous impact of the different water supply and year type on processing tomato yield

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/17/1-2./950 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (1-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Bőcs ◽

Z. Pék ◽

L. Helyes

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Water Supply ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Open Field ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Simultaneous Impact ◽

Yield Parameters

A two year (2008 and 2009) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation on the yield parameters and fruit components of processing tomato. Two different treatments were applied: regularly irrigated (RI), irrigation cut-off 30 days before harvest (CO), compared with unirrigated control (RF). The optimal water supply was calculated from average daily temperature. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of different water supply on yield quantity. The regularly irrigated plant stands gave significantly higher yield, and unirrigated plants showed yield loss.Water supply had strong positive (R2=0.81) effect on marketable yield and average fruit weight (R2=0.78). Linear regression showed, that 46.5 mm more water supply caused 10 t/ha more marketable yield, and 13.4 mm more water supply caused 1 g more in the average fruit weight. The irrigation increased the Brix yield as well.

Download Full-text

Response of Five Vegetable Crops to Isoxaflutole Soil Residues

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-04-171r ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 391-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Joel Felix ◽

Douglas J. Doohan

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Field Corn ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Rotational Crop ◽

Affect Processing

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 at two sites in Ohio to characterize the effect of isoxaflutole herbicide applied the previous year to field corn on processing tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, snapbean, and cucumber. Isoxaflutole was applied preemergence to field corn in 2001 at 0, 53, 70, 105, and 210 g ai/ha. There were no rotational crop cultivar by herbicide rate interactions at either site. Generally, there was a higher level of visible injury on crops at the Fremont site. Isoxaflutole residues at either site did not affect processing tomato yield. Bell pepper yield was reduced 33% when rotated into 210 g ai/ha rate plots only at Fremont. Snapbean marketable yield was reduced by isoxaflutole carryover from 70 and 210 g ai/ha rates resulting in 0.39 and 0.0 t/ha at Fremont. Similarly, isoxaflutole soil residues from 105 and 210 g ai/ha resulted in 14 and 24% visible injury on cucumber but did not reduce marketable yield. Site differences in soil characteristics and precipitation in the application year may have contributed to observed differences in crop response.

Download Full-text

Effect of planting time on the performance of broccoli under Mizoram conditions

Science Vision ◽

10.33493/scivis.17.01.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Donnie Lalfakzuala Kawlni ◽

Chhungpuii Khawlhring

Keyword(s):

Commercial Production ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Average Weight ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Planting Time ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cultural Requirements

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a popular vegetable crop, has one of the most exacting climatic and cultural requirements, which limit its commercial production to a few favored locations. A field experiment was conducted at Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram during winter of 2013/2014 to find out the effect of time of sowing on plant performance and yield of broccoli. Six sowing time was done viz. 17 October (T1), 24 October (T2), 31 October (T3), 7 November (T4), 14 November (T5) and 21 November (T6) with plant spacing of 45cm x 45cm. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the planting time. Highest average weight of marketable curd per plant (199.20 g) was obtained from T2, whereas lowest average weight obtained from T6 (75 g). The influence of planting time also showed significant difference on the calculated yield (tonnes per hectare) of broccoli, in which T2 showed highest marketable yield of 9.83 t/ha.

Download Full-text

Olive mill wastewater effects on durum wheat crop attributes and soil microbial activities: A pilot study in Syria

Energy Ecology and Environment ◽

10.1007/s40974-021-00209-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jehan Khalil ◽

Hasan Habib ◽

Michael Alabboud ◽

Safwan Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

The Other ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Olive Mill

AbstractOlive mill wastewater is one of the environmental problems in semiarid regions. The main goals of this study were to investigate the impacts of different olive mill wastewater levels on durum wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Douma1) production and soil microbial activities (i.e., bacteria and fungi). A pot experiment was conducted during the growing seasons 2015/2017 to evaluate the effect of three levels of olive mill wastewater on both growth and productivity attributes of wheat. Vertisol soil samples were collected from southern Syria. Two months before wheat cultivation, three levels of olive mill wastewater: T5 (5 L/m 2), T10 (10 L/m2) and T15 (15 L/m 2) were added to pots filled with the collected soil samples. Also, a control (T0) free of olive mill wastewater was considered as a reference. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in germination rate (%), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), kernels number, kernels weight per ear (g) and grain yield (g/m2) compared to control. However, T5 treatment did not induce a significant increase in terms of ear length, kernels weight per ear or yield (in the second season). On the other hand, T10 treatment had recorded the best results compared with the other two treatments (T5, T15). Similarly, the results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial and fungi cells by increasing olive mill wastewater concentration. This research provides promising results toward using olive mill wastewater in an eco-friendly way under Syrian conditions.

Download Full-text

One Year Residual Effect of Sewage Sludge Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Maize in a Brazilian Oxisol

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2226

Author(s):

Joisman Fachini ◽

Thais Rodrigues Coser ◽

Alyson Silva de Araujo ◽

Ailton Teixeira do Vale ◽

Keiji Jindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Soil Nutrient Availability ◽

One Year

The thermochemical transformation of sewage sludge (SS) to biochar (SSB) allows exploring the advantages of SS and reduces possible environmental risks associated with its use. Recent studies have shown that SSB is nutrient-rich and may replace mineral fertilizers. However, there are still some questions to be answered about the residual effect of SSB on soil nutrient availability. In addition, most of the previous studies were conducted in pots or soil incubations. Therefore, the residual effect of SSB on soil properties in field conditions remains unclear. This study shows the results of nutrient availability and uptake as well as maize yield the third cropping of a three-year consecutive corn cropping system. The following treatments were compared: (1) control: without mineral fertilizer and biochar; (2) NPK: with mineral fertilizer; (3) SSB300: with biochar produced at 300 °C; (4) SSB300+NPK; (5) SSB500: with biochar produced at 500 °C; and (6) SSB500+NPK. The results show that SSB has one-year residual effects on soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by maize, especially phosphorus. Available soil P contents in plots that received SSB were around five times higher than the control and the NPK treatments. Pyrolysis temperature influenced the SSB residual effect on corn yield. One year after suspending the SSB application, SSB300 increased corn yield at the same level as the application of NPK. SSB300 stood out and promoted higher grain yield in the residual period (8524 kg ha−1) than SSB500 (6886 kg ha−1). Regardless of pyrolysis temperature, biochar boosted the mineral fertilizer effect resulting in higher grain yield than the exclusive application of NPK. Additional long-term studies should be focused on SSB as a slow-release phosphate fertilizer.

Download Full-text

Sewage sludge as organic matrix in the manufacture of organomineral fertilizers: Physical forms, environmental risks, and nutrients recycling

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127774 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127774

Author(s):

Mayra Maniero Rodrigues ◽

Douglas Gomes Viana ◽

Fernando Carvalho Oliveira ◽

Marcelo Corrêa Alves ◽

Jussara Borges Regitano

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Environmental Risks

Download Full-text

Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2016.681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Grazia Disciglio ◽

Francesco Lops ◽

Antonia Carlucci ◽

Giuseppe Gatta ◽

Annalisa Tarantino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Parasitic Weed ◽

Complete Control ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with P. ramosa. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha–1 nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with Fusarium oxysporum, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, EnzoneTM soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the seed bank of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the P. ramosa weed.

Download Full-text

Growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse tomato cultivated in open or closed rockwool systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-113 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 771-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

X. Hao ◽

A. P. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Environmentally Sound

Two full spring season tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Trust”) were grown in an open rockwool system with standard rockwool feeding formulae (O-R; conventional method), and in closed rockwool systems with standard rockwool (C-R) or Nutrient Film Technique (C-NFT) feeding formulae (modified in 1997) in 1996 and 1997 to examine the feasibility of a fully closed rockwool production system with appropriate feeding formulae. The closed rockwool system with optimized feeding formulae achieved high marketable yield, similar to that of the open rockwool system. There were no differences in early plant growth, plant biomass or biomass partitioning, and in total fruit yield, size and grades except for the closed rockwool system with the standard rockwool feeding formulae (C-R), which had lower yield than C-NFT in the last month of harvest in 1996. The photosynthesis of old foliage was higher and the root systems at the end of the experiments were rated healthier in plants grown in the closed (C-R and C-NFT) systems than in plants grown in the open (O-R) system. Over 30% of water and fertilizer was saved with the closed systems in comparison to the conventional open system. These results demonstrated that closed rockwool systems with optimized nutrient feedings are economically and environmentally sound alternative methods for greenhouse tomato production in Ontario. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, recycling, rockwool, greenhouse

Download Full-text