Traditions of Russian literary classics in fiction by participants in the Battle of Stalingrad

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
S. V. Perevalova
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Classics

The article states that the heroic-patriotic traditions of Russian classics (M. Lermontov, L. Tolstoy, A. Blok) live on in the works by participants in the Battle of Stalingrad: the founder of the ‘lieutenant prose’ Viktor Nekrasov and poets Mikhail Kulchitsky and Aleksandr Korenev. M. Lermontov’s ‘Borodino’ sounds with a new vigour in the lyric poetry by the fighters at Stalingrad. Works dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad follow and modernize the traditions of Russian realism exemplified by the first-hand accounts of L. Tolstoy, an officer during the Siege of Sevastopol. Military and engineering learnings of the Russian army garnered during the Crimean War were adopted by the characters of Front-Line Stalingrad [V okopakh Stalingrada] by V. Nekrasov, who received an architect’s degree in pre-war Kyiv and was in command of a sapper battalion on the Stalingrad front. This officer writer also follows the narrative approach of the 19th-c. classic, so that the ferocity of the battle does not obscure the ‘dialectics of the soul’ of his fellow soldiers, whom he portrays as part and parcel of the centuries-long national culture.

scholarly journals Once again about the prophetic mission of the Russian writer (based on material of Y.V. Bondarev’s novel “The Shore”)

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 661-669
Author(s):  
Liudmila E. Khvorova
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Common ◽  
German City ◽  
Prophetic Mission ◽  
Literary Classics ◽  
Further Development

We conduct continuous poetical and philosophical research on the work of Y.V. Bondarev (1924–2020), the greatest Russian Soviet prose writer and a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Based on the study of the novel “The Shore” (1975) and the writer’s journalistic statements of the mid-1970s of the 20th century, within the framework of cultural-axiological paradigm, we attempt to comprehend one of the central dialogues between representatives of the creative intellectuals of Russia and West. The conversation between Russian Soviet writer Nikitin, a former front-line soldier who visited the German city of Hamburg 26 years after the war, and the German journalist and publisher Dietzman is read as a kind of philosophical quintessence of both this novel and, possibly, the writer’s work as a whole. The conflict between Russia and West is seen by Y.V. Bondarev in the most complex metaphysical paradigm of the struggle of largely opposite cultural foundations, despite the common Christian basis. We state the complexity, multidimensionality, polyphonism of the Bondarev type of artistic expression, its ascent to the traditions of Russian literary classics and, above all, in this case to the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. We note the key, culminating significance of this dialogue-reflection undertaken in the chapter of the second chapter of the third part “Nostalgia” by Dietzman and Nikitin, which has some obvious similarities with the author both for the further development of latter’s character in the poetical and philosophical space of novel, and for its artistic “completion” in work finale. We comprehend the relevance of Bondarev’s metaphysical constants in the first quarter of the 21st century, prophetically written out about half a century ago.

Re-Visioning the Past: Russian Literary Classics in Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Classics

scholarly journals То history of organization of obstetrics assistance in the Russian Army

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Victor G. Abashin ◽  
Yuri V. Tsvelev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sisters Of Mercy ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until now, it was believed that the first experience of using female labor in military medicine dates back to the middle of the 19th century, when during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. a detachment of sisters of mercy under the leadership of N. I. Pirogov worked in the theater of military operations. However, some documents indicate that in peacetime, female personnel in domestic military medicine began to be used much earlier.

Production of and Supply of the Army with Small Arms on the Eve of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). A Brief Overview of the Russian Military Industry

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Tsvetkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crimean War ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Main System ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Almost All

In the wake of the Crimean War, the upper military circles in Russia changed their thinking with regard to firearms. General Milyutin became Minister of War. It was the time when Alexander II reigned over Russia. In 1856, the calibre of Russian firearms was reduced to 6 inches, or 15.24 mm. The process of re-equipping the Russian army with M1856 rifles using expanding Minié bullets was launched. These rifles demonstrated that the percussion systems had reached the limit of their capacity for improvement. Nothing else could be improved in terms of their firing speed. Despite the resistance of the conservative military circles, Milyutin encouraged new inventions, and the 1860s became a period of experimentation with firearms. Some new cartridge systems were introduced. The high-quality M1856 percussion rifle was not destined to take part in war times, but the Russian army had been fully equipped with it for a short period of time. Almost all systems of the 1860s were based on this rifle. Over 10 systems of firearms with an internal needle fuse were proposed to the weapons commission. In 1866, the Englishman Karle proposed his own system with an internal needle fuse. Krnka, Berdan I, and Berdan II came next. After 1866, the Terry-Norman, Karle, and Krnka rifles entered the Russian army. These systems were developed on the basis of the 6-line M1856/58 rifle. The latter was converted into a rear-loading rifle. In 1869, the Krnka rifle was chosen as the main system, which became the main weapon of the Russian army in the following years. At the beginning of 1877, there were 613,297 Krnka rifles, 150,868 Karle rifles, 17,810 Berdan I and 325,254 Berdan II rifles in the Russian army.

scholarly journals Singer of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks: F. F. Tyutchev in the Russian-Japanese War

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Kalinichenko Alexander L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Talented Artist ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Russian Army and Border guard Colonel Fyodor Fyodorovich Tyutchev (1860–1916), a well – known chronicler of the Russian army and the border guard, served in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.The purpose of the publication is a comprehensive description of the stay in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904– 1905. The work used sources that had not been previously introduced into scientific circulation, which allowed analyzing the formation of F. F. Tyutchev as a military professional, as well as concretizing the literary and aesthetic concept of the writer. Russian-Japanese War correspondent F. F. Tyutchev, being a correspondent of the newspaper Novoe Vremya, promptly transmitted “hot” information about the affairs of the Russian army to the editorial office. The writer collecting material for future literary works talked with the participants of the Japanese campaign, valuing the opportunity to have conversations not only with the lower ranks who were on the front line but also with the generals whose decisions the outcome of hostilities sometimes depended on. According to the works by Fyodor Fedorovich, we can judge not only the events that took place in the Far East but also analyze the writer’s civil and author’s position, investigate his philosophical beliefs on what is happening, clarify his thoughts, compare the assessments given to him from what he saw and experienced in the war. The presented article develops scientific ideas and traditions in the field of national historiography, generalizing and analyzing individual, previously unknown materials about the Russian-Japanese war and its participants. F. F. Tyutchev, being on the staff of the 1st Argun regiment not only participated in the fighting but also proved himself as a talented artist of the word, conveying the truth of the Japanese campaign in his writings, creating a portrait gallery of the personnel of the regiments of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army.

scholarly journals The Russian Army of Nicholas І, Seen by the British during the Russian-Turkish War of 1853-1856 (Linguoimagological Aspect)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crimean War ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Army Soldiers

The article analyzes the views of the British soldiers, officers and journalists on their opponents – the Russians during the Russian-Turkish war of 1853-1856 from the perspective of linguoimagology. This science considers the means of image verbalization. For the study the memoirs of the Crimean War witnesses, journalists’ notes, letters of the English soldiers and officers home were selected. The assessment, given to the enemy by the British, is of particular interest. The following aspects are explored: the Russians in battle, cunning behavior of Nicholas I army soldiers, their ammunition. The British writers also drew attention to the color of the officers' uniforms (blue) and highlighted the color of the soldiers (gray), which was different from the red one, used in England. The authors emphasize the unsatisfactory state of the ordinary soldiers’ clothing (low assessment) and the excellent condition of the elite troops (high assessment). In addition, the English writers paid attention to the beards of the Russians, which were not already widespread in Europe at that period of time, but were considered as a sign of holiness in Russia, and were worn both by nobles and people of the lower strata. The authors of the memoirs use the following means of interpreting the linguoimagological aspect: inversion, metaphor, exclamation marks, superlatives, lexical repetitions, stereotypes, details, and even French borrowings. Aesthetic and ethical assessments are used to add expressiveness to the narrative.

scholarly journals Shaping Masculine Identity in Military Education Institutions of Post-reform Russia (based on the memoirs of noblemen)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
М.С. Трегубова
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Colleges ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Great Reforms

В статье на основе мемуаров дворян — выпускников кадетских корпусов и военных училищ, исследуются способы и возможности формирования мужественности в военных учебных заведениях дореволюционной России. События Крымской войны продемонстрировали необходимость реформирования российской армии. Среди комплекса военных реформ 1860–1870-х годов значительное место занимали перемены в сфере военного образования. Вместе с тем изменение системы и структуры обучения не должно было затронуть главную составляющую образа офицера — его мужественность, под которой понимался комплекс качеств, характерных для сильного физически, умственно подготовленного и достойного воина. Обучение в военных заведениях было нацелено на формирование мужественности путем серьезной физической подготовки, а также воспитания смелости и доблести. The article analyzes memoirs of noblemen, graduates of cadet schools and military colleges to investigate the process of masculine identity shaping in military education institutions in pre-revolutionary Russia. The events of the Crimean war highlighted the necessity of military reforms in the Russian Army. Military education reforms constituted an essential part of the Great Reforms of the 1860s-1870s. It was crucial that military education reforms should not affect the major characteristic of an officer, i.e. an officer’s masculinity which was treated as a complex of physical, mental and moral traits and qualities. Military education was aimed at the shaping of masculine identity via extensive physical training, the development of courage and valour.

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