scholarly journals TO THE STUDY OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE VERB

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadaliev Ahmadali ◽  
Karimova Nodirakhon Abdurashidovna
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Actual Meaning

In this article, verbal lexemes are classified according to the nomination of the activity of nouns. Consequently, they are called upon to denote what is the “characteristic activity” of nouns of specific semantic classes, semantic thematic series and individual lexemes, as well as to the principle of generalization of different semantic classes, a group of thematic series, which is proved on specific verb examples and it is necessary to conclude that verbs can be divided into verbs of narrow and wide nominations, Depending on the semantic structure of verbs, their direct and figurative meanings differ, Often the potential seme of a verb is a concretizer and indicates the semantic class, groups and thematic series of nouns, and thus the verb actualizes its meaning in speech.The starting point of this work is the fact that "there are no objects without properties and relations and properties and relations without objects", therefore, verbs as well as nouns can be subjected to such classifications as nouns, where nouns of being, abstractness, concreteness, animate, inanimate are distinguished, anthroponymy, faunonymy, as well as certain semantic groups, thematic series and at the level of individual lexemes, as indicated by specific examples.Thus, we have to conclude that the verb is designed in the language to designate the characteristic activity of certain nouns, combining with it in speech its actual meaning is revealed and thereby determines its relevance to a particular semantic class, semantic groups or thematic series, and thus the verbs of a narrow and a wide nomination from a wide nomination. Depending on the semantic structure of the verbs, their direct and figurative meanings differ. Often a potential seme of a verb is a concretizer and indicates the semantic class, groups and thematic series of nouns, and thus the verb actualizes its meaning in speech.

scholarly journals Schaalvergroting in het syntactische alternantieonderzoek : Een nieuwe analyse van het presentatieve er met automatisch gegenereerde predictoren

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
Dirk Speelman ◽  
Stefan Grondelaers ◽  
Benedikt Szmrecsanyi ◽  
Kris Heylen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Manual Annotation ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Lexical Collocations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pragmatic Factor

Abstract In this paper, we revisit earlier analyses of the distribution of er ‘there’ in adjunct-initial sentences to demonstrate the merits of computational upscaling in syntactic variation research. Contrary to previous studies, in which major semantic and pragmatic predictors (viz. adjunct type, adjunct concreteness, and verb specificity) had to be coded manually, the present study operationalizes these predictors on the basis of distributional analysis: instead of hand-coding for specific semantic classes, we determine the semantic class of the adjunct, verb, and subject automatically by clustering the lexemes in those slots on the basis of their ‘semantic passport’ (as established on the basis of their distributional behaviour in a reference corpus). These clusters are subsequently interpreted as proxies for semantic classes. In addition, the pragmatic factor ‘subject predictability’ is operationalized automatically on the basis of collocational attraction measures, as well as distributional similarity between the other slots and the subject. We demonstrate that the distribution of er can be modelled equally successfully with the automated approach as in manual annotation-based studies. Crucially, the new method replicates our earlier findings that the Netherlandic data are easier to model than the Belgian data, and that lexical collocations play a bigger role in the Netherlandic than in the Belgian data. On a methodological level, the proposed automatization opens up a window of opportunities. Most important is its scalability: it allows for a larger gamut of alternations that can be investigated in one study, and for much larger datasets to represent each alternation.

scholarly journals Word vs. Class-Based Word Sense Disambiguation

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 83-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Izquierdo ◽  
Armando Suarez ◽  
German Rigau
Keyword(s):  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Word Senses

As empirically demonstrated by the Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) tasks of the last SensEval/SemEval exercises, assigning the appropriate meaning to words in context has resisted all attempts to be successfully addressed. Many authors argue that one possible reason could be the use of inappropriate sets of word meanings. In particular, WordNet has been used as a de-facto standard repository of word meanings in most of these tasks. Thus, instead of using the word senses defined in WordNet, some approaches have derived semantic classes representing groups of word senses. However, the meanings represented by WordNet have been only used for WSD at a very fine-grained sense level or at a very coarse-grained semantic class level (also called SuperSenses). We suspect that an appropriate level of abstraction could be on between both levels. The contributions of this paper are manifold. First, we propose a simple method to automatically derive semantic classes at intermediate levels of abstraction covering all nominal and verbal WordNet meanings. Second, we empirically demonstrate that our automatically derived semantic classes outperform classical approaches based on word senses and more coarse-grained sense groupings. Third, we also demonstrate that our supervised WSD system benefits from using these new semantic classes as additional semantic features while reducing the amount of training examples. Finally, we also demonstrate the robustness of our supervised semantic class-based WSD system when tested on out of domain corpus.

Conventional Figurative Language Theory and idiom motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Dobrovol’skij ◽  
Elisabeth Piirainen
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Actual Meaning

AbstractThe central point of discussion is how idiom motivation is reflected in the Conventional Figurative Language Theory. Most lexical units are motivated to a certain extent, i.e. they point to their actual meaning via the meanings of their parts, either parts of their structure or of their conceptual basis. Several types of motivation can be distinguished in the field of phraseology. Apart from the quite small number of idioms where no comprehensible link can be found between the literal reading and the figurative meaning that would allow for a meaningful interpretation of a given expression, all other idioms have to be considered transparent or motivated. Idioms form a very heterogeneous domain in terms of motivation. There are levels of motivation and semantic predictability both from the perspective of a speaker and from the perspective of the semantic structure of a given unit. In this paper, we present a typology of motivation that captures all types of transparent idioms. The typology of idiom motivation connects our theory to the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and to the Construction Grammar approaches.

A corpus-based bootstrapping algorithm for Semi-Automated semantic lexicon construction

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN RILOFF ◽  
JESSICA SHEPHERD
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word List ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
New Words ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Semantic Lexicons ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Ranked List

Many applications need a lexicon that represents semantic information but acquiring lexical information is time consuming. We present a corpus-based bootstrapping algorithm that assists users in creating domain-specific semantic lexicons quickly. Our algorithm uses a representative text corpus for the domain and a small set of ‘seed words’ that belong to a semantic class of interest. The algorithm hypothesizes new words that are also likely to belong to the semantic class because they occur in the same contexts as the seed words. The best hypotheses are added to the seed word list dynamically, and the process iterates in a bootstrapping fashion. When the bootstrapping process halts, a ranked list of hypothesized category words is presented to a user for review. We used this algorithm to generate a semantic lexicon for eleven semantic classes associated with the MUC-4 terrorism domain.

Analyzing the Text of Clinical Literature for Question Answering

2010 ◽  
pp. 190-220
Author(s):  
Yun Niu ◽  
Graeme Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Natural Language Question ◽  
Language Question

The task of question answering (QA) is to find an accurate and precise answer to a natural language question in some predefined text. Most existing QA systems handle fact-based questions that usually take named entities as the answers. In this chapter, the authors take clinical QA as an example to deal with more complex information needs. They propose an approach using Semantic class analysis as the organizing principle to answer clinical questions. They investigate three Semantic classes that correspond to roles in the commonly accepted PICO format of describing clinical scenarios. The three Semantic classes are: the description of the patient (or the problem), the intervention used to treat the problem, and the clinical outcome. The authors focus on automatic analysis of two important properties of the Semantic classes.

scholarly journals Russian Emotive Verbs in the Semantic Classification of Predicates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
O. A. Kukatova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Emotive Meaning ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The present research features predicates expressed by Russian reflexive emotive verbs. The paper focuses on statements containing reflexive emotive verbs and their convertible correlates, e.g. volnovatsia – volnovat, trevozhitsia – trevozhit, serditsia – serdit, etc. The research objective was to determine the place of these pairs of emotive verbs in the semantic classification of predicates of the Russian language. The author used the method of semantic testing for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. The method made it possible to assign these predicates to a particular class, as well as to reveal in their semantic structure a derived value that has not been fixed by explanatory dictionaries. As a result, the predicates were split into two semantic classes, i.e. properties and states. The division was confirmed by semantic tests for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. According to the tests, the predicates expressed by the convergent pairs of emotive verbs were included in the group of state predicates, due to their localization on the time axis. The semantic sign of uncontrollability was inherent in the studied predicates of the state in their emotive meaning. Acquisition by these predicates of the meaning "purposeful activity", "imitation of an emotional state", "opportunity, duty", and, accordingly, the sign of controllability made it possible to classify them as a group of activity predicates.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC PARAMETERS OF THE BLOG AS A GENRE OF PERSONAL INTERNET COMMUNICATION (BASED ON TEXTS BY LYUDMILA LINNYK ON THE WEBSITE �GALICIAN CORRESPONDENT�)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Ya. Ivanyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Method ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article reveals the communicative and pragmatic parameters of the blog as a genre of personal Internet communication. On the material of the blog by Lyudmila Linnyk on the website �Galitsky Correspondent� it is proved that language means of different levels can participate in the process of text and character formation. They can acquire additional meanings in the process of unfolding the text, form an evaluative frame of the message, and facilitate the decoding of blog posts in the manner defined by the author mainstream. The purpose of the study is to reveal the communicative and pragmatic features of a blog as a specific genre of Internet communication. The following methods have been used in the work: descriptive (with its help we have collected and analyzed language means that are significant in the communication process), contextual (has allowed us to explore the environment of linguistic units and its impact on the result of communication) and the associative field method (has helped to identify associative links between in words, the implementation of a multilevel analysis of tokens). It is noted that various researchers base their understanding of a blog as a separate genre of communication in the network on its specific characteristics, but everyone agrees with the statement that a blog is a website with chronological, back-structured multimedia information presented in it, the content of which can be commented on. It has been found that the communicative and pragmatic potential of a blog as a genre of personal Internet communication is realized due to the actualization of linguistic means of different levels: pronouns and deictic structures, connotative and associative linguistic units, slang and pejorative elements, phraseological units, grafon, parcels, affix morphemes. It has been established that pronouns are used in blogs to intensify the text, dynamizing the storyline, and forming antinomies. Connotationally and associatively coloured linguistic units act as keywords that are nodes of a concatenation of the semantic structure of the text, the starting point for the development of the topic; they are emotionally evaluative components capable of semantically expanding the text, giving it new semantic dimensions, reflecting the blogger�s position and his individualized vision of certain social problems. Parcelled constructions perform attractively and meaningful reinforcing functions, actualize the blogger�s speech intentions. The use of grafon as a way of avoiding the graphic standard contributes to the actualization of the meanings of individual lexemes, providing them with new meanings. Slang and pejorative elements, like affixal morphemes, form evaluativeness (usually negative), expressiveness and euphemism. It is noted that different types of linguistic units can form the evaluative frame of the message, intensify the plotline, express the presentation of the material, establish connections between implications in the text and facilitate the identification of the associative meanings of the word.

scholarly journals The role of verb semantics in Hungarian verb-object order

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Dorottya Demszky
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Logical Function ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Semantic Classes

Hungarian is often referred to as a discourse-configurational language, since the structural position of constituents is determined by their logical function (topic or comment) rather than their grammatical function (e.g., subject or object). We build on work by Komlósy (1989) and argue that in addition to discourse context, the lexical semantics of the verb also plays a significant role in determining Hungarian word order. In order to investigate the role of lexical semantics in determining Hungarian word order, we conduct a large-scale, data-driven analysis on the ordering of 380 transitive verbs and their objects, as observed in hundreds of thousands of examples extracted from the Hungarian Gigaword Corpus. We test the effect of lexical semantics on the ordering of verbs and their objects by grouping verbs into 11 semantic classes. In addition to the semantic class of the verb, we also include two control features related to information structure, object definiteness and object NP weight, chosen to allow a comparison of their effect size to that of verb semantics. Our results suggest that all three features have a significant effect on verb-object ordering in Hungarian and among these features, the semantic class of the verb has the largest effect. Specifically, we find that stative verbs, such as fed 'cover', jelent 'mean' and övez 'surround', tend to be OV-preferring (with the exception of psych verbs which are strongly VO-preferring) and non-stative verbs, such as bírál 'judge', csökkent 'reduce' and csókol 'kiss', verbs tend to be VO-preferring. These findings support our hypothesis that lexical semantic factors influence word order in Hungarian.

scholarly journals VERBS DENOTING INTENSE PACE OF MOVEMENT IN THE KHANTY LANGUAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Fedosja Makarovna Lelkhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Slow Tempo

The current paper views semantic structure of verbs denoting fast tempo of movement in the Khanty language. Verbs of movement denote changing location in space and time of living organisms. The major semantic feature in the structure of their meaning is movement direction. Specifiers of space location are: route, speed, way of movement, starting point, and destination. According to intensity, verbs of movement are divided into 2 groups: verbs of fast tempo movement and the ones of slow tempo movement.

The conceptual basis of ablativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-530
Author(s):  
Héctor Hernández Arocha ◽  
Elia Hernández Socas
Keyword(s):  
Event Structure ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Cognitive Frame

Abstract The aim of the present paper is to define the notion of ablativity in terms of its event structure. To achieve this goal, the authors discuss the contribution of several semantic theories dealing with that conceptual class to finally propose their own definition, extensively based on the cognitive frame-based model by Wotjak (2006; 2011a; 2016). Even though the survey is mainly concerned with the theoretically relevant aspects of that semantic class, many of them are also illustrated with examples from different languages, especially from Latin, Spanish and German. Finally, the authors explain how ablativity conceptually relates to other semantic classes, such as concomitance or possession.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document